Download 1936 Carlos Saavedra Lamas

1936 Carlos Saavedra Lamas
Carlos Saavedra Lamas – Biography
Born in Buenos Aires, Carlos Saavedra Lamas (November 1, 1878-May 5, 1959) was a
member of the «aristocracy» of Argentina. A descendant of an early Argentinian patriot,
he married the daughter of a president of the Republic. Saavedra Lamas achieved renown
not only as foreign minister of Argentina for his practical work in drafting international
agreements and in conducting international mediation, but also as a professor for his
scholarship in the fields of labor legislation and international law.
Saavedra Lamas was a distinguished student at Lacordaire College and at the University
of Buenos Aires where he received the Doctor of Laws degree in 1903, summa cum
laude. After study in Paris and travel abroad, he accepted a professorship in law and
constitutional history at the University of La Plata, where he began the teaching career
that was to span more than forty years. Later, he inaugurated a course in sociology at
the University of Buenos Aires, taught political economy and constitutional law in the Law
School of the university, and eventually served as the president of the university.
Saavedra Lamas was a leading Argentinian academician in two areas. A pioneer in the
field of labor legislation, he edited several treatises on labor legislation in Argentina and
on the need for a universally recognized doctrine on the treatment of labor - among
them, Centro de legislacíon social y del trabajo (1927) [Center of Social and Labor
Legislation], Traités internationaux de type social (1924), Código nacional del trabajo
(three volumes, 1933) [National Code of Labor Law]. In the arena of practical affairs,
Saavedra Lamas drafted legislation affecting labor in Argentina, supported the founding
of the International Labor Organization in 1919, and presided over the ILO Conference of
1928 in Geneva while serving simultaneously as leader of the Argentine delegation.
In international law, his other field of major scholarly interest, he published La Crise de la
codification et de la doctrine argentine de droit international (1931); and he spoke,
wrote, or drafted legislation on many subjects with international ramifications - among
them, asylum, colonization, immigration, arbitration, and international peace. His brief
Vida internacional, which he wrote at the age of seventy, is an urbane by-product of all
this study and experience.
Saavedra Lamas began his political career in 1906 as director of Public Credit and then
became the secretary-general for the municipality of Buenos Aires in 1907. In 1908 he
was elected to the first of two successive terms in Parliament. There he initiated
legislation regarding coastal water rights, irrigation, sugar production, government
finances, colonization, and immigration. His main interest, however, lay in foreign affairs.
He provided leadership in saving Argentina's arbitration treaty with Italy, which almost
foundered in 1907-1908, and eventually became the unofficial adviser to both the
legislature and the foreign office on the analysis and implications of proposed foreign
treaties.
Appointed minister of Justice and Education in 1915, he instituted educational reforms by
integrating the different divisions of public education and by developing a curriculum at
the intermediate level for the vocational and technical training of manpower needed in a
developing industrial country.
When General Agustín P. Justo became president of Argentina in 1932, he appointed
Saavedra Lamas as foreign minister. In this post for six years, Saavedra Lamas brought
international prestige to Argentina. He played an important role in every South American
diplomatic issue of the middle thirties, induced Argentina to rejoin the League of Nations
after an absence of thirteen years, and represented Argentina at virtually every
international meeting of consequence during this period.
His work in ending the Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia (1932-1935) had not
only local significance but generalized international importance as well. When he took
over the foreign office, he immediately engaged in a series of moves to lay the diplomatic
groundwork for a negotiated settlement of this dispute. In 1932 he initiated at
Washington the Declaration of August 3 which put the American states on record as
refusing to recognize any territorial change in the hemisphere brought about by force.
Next, he drew up a Treaty of Nonaggression and Conciliation which was signed by six
South American countries in October, 1933, and by all of the American countries at the
Seventh Pan-American Conference at Montevideo two months later. In 1935 he organized
mediation by six neutral American nations which resulted in the cessation of hostilities
between Paraguay and Bolivia. Meanwhile, in 1934, Saavedra Lamas presented the South
American Antiwar Pact to the League of Nations where it was well received and signed by
eleven countries. Acclaimed for all of these efforts, he was elected president of the
Assembly of the League of Nations in 1936.
After his retirement from the foreign ministry in 1938, Saavedra Lamas returned to
academic life, became president of the University of Buenos Aires for two years (19411943), and rounded out his career as a professor for an additional three years (19431946).
Saavedra Lamas was known as a disciplinarian in his office, a logician at the conference
table, a charming host in his home or his art gallery, a man of sartorial elegance who
wore, it is said, the highest collars in Buenos Aires. In addition to the Nobel Peace Prize,
he was awarded the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor of France and analogous honors
from ten other countries.
He died in 1959 at the age of eighty from the effects of a brain hemorrhage.
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