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Ancient Egypt
Prepared by:
Yannick Zeilinger
For:
Mrs. Batchelor year 6 yellow
Date:
2015-11-03
Units of inquiry
Our units of inquiry is ‘Where we are in place and time’
Central idea
Our central idea is ‘humans adapt to address the needs of a changing world’
Why did you choose this civilization?
I chose this civilization because it was interesting to know histories about ancient
Egypt, pharaohs, and many gods and it was exciting to explore the country.
Introduction
I would like to tell you many things about ancient Egypt in this report. I will tell you
about ancient Egyptian’s life, geography, religion, transport, food, language, clothing,
music/art, pharaohs, mummification, and their collapse. Before I tell you all this
information, I would like to tell you some facts about old Egypt.
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient/old northeastern Africa. Ancient Egypt is
the one of six civilizations in the world. Ancient Egypt civilization existed 3000 years
already.
Egyptian Life
The people of ancient Egypt built mud brick homes in villages and in the country’s. A
house that was built from mud brick was cool inside, and it had a flat roof so that in
very hot weather people could sleep on the roof in the cool of the night. Cooking was
done out of doors in the area that had no roof. They grew some of their own food
and traded in the villages for the food. Most of ancient Egyptians worked as field
hands, farmers, craftsmen and scribe. Scribe is a man who learn to read and write
hieroglyphs and hieratic. A small group of people was nobles. Egypt is a dry, hot
desert country and ancient Egypt life depended on the waters of the Nile (The Nile is
the river in Egypt). The Nile was used for water to give the fields water, the main
means of travelling and of transporting goods, all by boat, an important source of
protein food when people war fishing.
Now
Life in modern Egypt is a study in contrasts, especially in Cairo. Life in modern Egypt
has changed in the big cities, where public and private transportation, television,
American style food, sports, music and arts and cinema and theater. They are signs
of a healthy modern economy. Life in modern Egypt for the fellahin is similar to their
ancient Egyptian or early Arab settler’s ancestors.
Geography
The ancient Egyptians thought of Egypt as being divided into two halves of land, one
times the 'black land' and the 'red land'. The 'black land' was the fertile land on the
banks of the Nile. The ancient Egyptians used for growing their crops. The ‘red land’
was the desert that protected Egypt on two sides. These deserts separated ancient
Egypt from neighboring countries and invading armies. They also provided the
ancient Egyptians with a source for precious metals and semi-precious stones.
This is the map of before and after.
Before
After
Now
Egyptian is in northeastern Africa and in the Sahara Desert. It is bounded on the
north by the Mediterranean Sea; on the south by Sudan; on the west by Libya; and
on the east by Israel, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea. This geographical location
contributed to Egypt's becoming the center of world trade from the ancient times.
The country has a total area of 1,000,000 sq. km (386,100 sq. mi), and the territory is
twice as large as that of Spain, and four and a half times of the Korean Peninsula.
Nile flows through a narrow valley between a sand hill in the west and a
mountainous region in the east. These two areas, including the Nile Valley and the
Sinai Peninsula, constitute the four major areas in Egypt.
Religion
The Egyptians had lots of gods and goddesses. They had as many 2000 gods and
goddesses. The gods were represented as part human and part animal. As an
example:
The sky God was on the head hawk and the rest of the body was a human.
They considered animals such as a bull, the cat and the crocodile to be holy. The
temples were the home for the gods. Every city had a temple to host the god of this
city.
This is the
temple of
luxer
Ra
Isis
Osiris
Amun
Anubis
set
Horus
khnum
Nut
Thoth
basted
These
are the
Gods
Now
Islam is the official religion, practiced by 90% of the population, and several national
holidays are of Islamic origin. There are also Christians and Jews.
Christian tourism refers to the entire industry of Christian travel, tourism, and
hospitality. In recent years it has grown to include not only Christians embarking
individually or in groups on pilgrimages and missionary travel, but also on religionbased cruises, leisure (fellowship) vacations, crusades, rallies, retreats, monastery
visits/guest-stays and Christian camps, as well as visiting Christian tourist attractions.
Transport
The Egyptians didn't build roads to travel around their empire. They didn't need to.
Nature had already built them a superhighway right through the middle of their
empire called the Nile River.
Most of the major cities in Ancient Egypt were located along the banks of the Nile
River. As a result, the Egyptians used the Nile for transportation and shipping from
very early on. They became experts at building boats and navigating the river.
Early Boats
Early Egyptians learned to make small boats out of the papyrus plant. They were
easy to construct and worked well for fishing and short trips. Most of the papyrus
boats were small and were steered with oars and poles. The typical boat was long
and thin and the ends came to a point that stuck out of the water.
Wooden Boats
Eventually the Egyptians began to make boats from wood. They used acacia wood
from Egypt and imported cedar wood from Lebanon. They also began to use a giant
sail in the middle of the boat so they could catch the wind when heading upstream.
The Egyptians built their wooden boats without nails. Boats were often made from a
number of short planks that were hooked together and tied tight with ropes. Steering
was accomplished by using a large rudder oar at the back of the ships.
Cargo Ships
The Egyptians learned how to build large and sturdy cargo ships. They sailed these
up and down the Nile and into the Mediterranean Sea to trade with other countries.
These ships could hold lots of cargo. Some ships were used to carry huge stones
weighing as much as 500 tons from the rock quarry to where the pyramids were
being constructed.
Now
There is much transportation in modern Egypt. There are buses, taxis, microbuses,
metro, train and Nile ferry. The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in
Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.
Food
Eating crops and vegetable meant they were poor. The staple food was bread from
the grain. They grew onions and leeks and salad vegetables. They grew beans and
dried them so that they could be cooked and eaten throughout the year. They grew
fruit such as figs and pomegranates. They war fishing from river Nile. They made
beer from barley and richer people drank wine made from grapes.
Now
Ancient Egyptians are known to have used a lot of garlic and onion in their everyday
dishes. In modern Egypt, fresh mashed garlic with other herbs is used as a specialty
of Egyptian cuisine in spicy tomato salad and also stuffed in boiled or baked
eggplant. Garlic fried with coriander is added to mulukhiyya, a popular green soup
made from finely chopped leaves. Fried onions are added to koushari, a dish
consisting of brown lentils, macaroni, rice, chickpeas and a spicy tomato sauce. Foul
and falafel are common foods, which are available on every street corner and a
favorite for Egyptian breakfasts.
Language
Egypt is a countries in Africa that speaks Arabic. Egyptian Arabic is the oldest known
indigenous language of Egypt and a branch of the Afro-asiatic language family.
Written records of the Egyptian language have been dated from about 3400 BC.
Now
Education in Egypt is free by law, and there is a choice of public and private
universities. For almost 13 centuries Arabic has been the written and spoken
language of Egypt. Before the Arab invasion in AD 639, Coptic, the language
descended from ancient Egyptian, was the language of both religious and everyday
life for the mass of the population; by the 12th century, however, it had been totally
replaced by Arabic, continuing only as a liturgical language for the Coptic Orthodox
Church. Arabic has become the language of both the Egyptian Christian and Muslim.
The written form of the Arabic language, in grammar and syntax, has remained
substantially unchanged since the 7th century. In other ways, however, the written
language has changed the modern forms of style, word sequence, and phraseology
are simpler and more flexible than in classical Arabic and are often directly derivative
of English or French.
Clothes
The ancient Egyptians wore light clothes made from linen. Linen is made from flax a plant that was grown along the Nile. All men wore a wrap-round skirt that was tied
at the waist with a belt. The length of the skirt varied depending on the fashion of the
time - in the time of the Old Kingdom they were short while in the Middle Kingdom
they were calf length. During the New Kingdom period it was fashionable to wear a
pleated garment. Egyptian women wore full-length straight dresses with one or two
shoulder straps. During the New Kingdom period it became fashionable for dresses
to be pleated or draped. The dresses worn by rich Egyptian women were made from
fine transparent linen. Like the men, rich Egyptian women decorated their clothes
and wore jeweler and headdresses.
Now
Today, many Egyptian people wear similar clothes to us (well, close enough).
Egyptians clothes are just a bit baggier than ours. Men wear the traditional galabiya
and some peasant women will wear very colorful loose clothing. Some men used to
wear Fez to show wealth but now they do not.
Music/art
From the earliest times Egyptian art was developed in the service of the king.
Ancient Egyptian art was first created to show that the king was a god. The art forms
were first of all worked out by the master craftsmen in the Pharaoh’s court. Their
ideas and fashions were then followed carefully by lesser craftsmen who worked for
ordinary Egyptians. The earliest work of art that we can give a date to is the Palette
of Narmer, who was the first king of the first dynasty, about 3000 B.C.
Music was as important to the ancient Egyptians as it is in our modern society.
Although it is thought that music played a role throughout the history of Egypt, those
That study the Egyptian writings has discovered that music seemed to become more
important in what is called the ‘paranoiac’ period of their history. The percussion
instruments included rattles, hand-held drums, bells, castanets and an instrument
called the sistrum. The sistrum was a hand-held metallic instrument in the shape of a
‘U’ and had small metal or bronze pieces hanging from it.
Pharaohs
The most powerful person in ancient Egypt was the pharaoh. The pharaoh was the
political and religious leader of the Egyptian people. He owned all of the land, made
laws, collected taxes, and defended Egypt against foreigners. Many pharaohs went
to war when their land was threatened or when they wanted to control foreign lands.
If the pharaoh won the battle, the conquered people had to recognize the Egyptian
pharaoh as their ruler and offer him the finest and most valuable goods from their
land.
Pyramids
The ancient Egyptians built pyramids as tombs for the pharaohs and their queens.
The pharaohs were buried in pyramids of many different shapes and sizes from
before the beginning of the Old Kingdom to the end of the Middle Kingdom. There
are about eighty pyramids known today from ancient Egypt. The most well-known of
these pyramids was built for the pharaoh Khufu. It is known as the 'Great Pyramid'.
Their collapse
The Greeks conquered the Egyptians under the rule of Alexander who was
Macedonian. Soon after they regained power but the Romans tried to conquer them
and Cleopatra tried to stop them by wooing powerful people but it failed and Romans
took over. Cleopatra was the last pharaoh.
CONCLUTION
You have to change if you want to survive.
Sometimes you change fast and sometime slow.
Bibliography
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