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Name Date Period Lesson 3: Evolutionary and Ecological Cycles EVOLUTIONARY CYCLES Evolution – the process of life changing over time Life changes over time by creating new species Species – a group of organisms that can reproduce with each other Speciation – the process of making a new species Cycle of Evolution Species goes extinct o Extinct – When no members of a species are alive Extinction makes room for new species New species have adaptations so they are better able to survive o Adaptations – changes that make species better able to live in new areas New event happens to cause another extinction Cycle continues Life is always changing, evolving, or growing Evolution may be caused by changes in DNA, the cell, and the environment Environment – an organism’s natural and man-made surroundings ECOLOGICAL CYCLES Ecology – the branch of biology that studies the relationships of living things with each other and their surroundings Ecologists – a person who studies ecology; looks at how organisms act in their environment Ecologists study: How organisms live and use their ecosystems o Ecosystems - all of the living and nonliving things found in an area o Example: How frogs interact with lily pads (living) AND how frogs interact with the water (nonliving) How organisms respond to stimuli or their behavior o Stimulus – anything to which an organism reacts o Example: Your alarm going off in the morning to wake you up o Behavior cycles Organisms hibernating for the winter Birds migrating Signals sent in the body