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Lesson 3: Evolutionary and Ecological Cycles
EVOLUTIONARY CYCLES
 Evolution – the process of life changing over time
 Life changes over time by creating new species
 Species – a group of organisms that can reproduce with each other
 Speciation – the process of making a new species
 Cycle of Evolution
 Species goes extinct
o Extinct – When no members of a species are alive
 Extinction makes room for new species
 New species have adaptations so they are better able to survive
o Adaptations – changes that make species better able to
live in new areas
 New event happens to cause another extinction
 Cycle continues
 Life is always changing, evolving, or growing
 Evolution may be caused by changes in DNA, the cell, and the environment
 Environment – an organism’s natural and man-made surroundings
ECOLOGICAL CYCLES
 Ecology – the branch of biology that studies the relationships of living
things with each other and their surroundings
 Ecologists – a person who studies ecology; looks at how organisms act in
their environment
 Ecologists study:
 How organisms live and use their ecosystems
o Ecosystems - all of the living and nonliving things found in
an area
o Example: How frogs interact with lily pads (living) AND
how frogs interact with the water (nonliving)
 How organisms respond to stimuli or their behavior
o Stimulus – anything to which an organism reacts
o Example: Your alarm going off in the morning to wake you
up
o Behavior cycles
 Organisms hibernating for the winter
 Birds migrating
 Signals sent in the body