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Name______________________
Chapter 15:
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia
The Sui Dynasty (589-618 CE)
Regional kingdoms succeed collapse of ______________ dynasty
________________________ consolidates control of all of China,
initiates Sui Dynasty
Massive ___________________ projects
Military labor
Conscripted labor
The Grand ____________________
Intended to promote trade between north and south
_____________________
Most Chinese rivers flow west-east
Linked network of __________________ canals
2000k (1240 miles)
Roads on either bank
Succeeded only by railroad traffic in 20th century
The Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE)
Wide discontent over conscripted _________________ in Sui dynasty
Military failures in _______________ prompt rebellion
Emperor assassinated in 618
Tang Dynasty initiated
Tang Taizong
__________________________ emperor of Tang dynasty (r. 627-649 CE)
Murdered two brothers, thrust father aside to take throne
Strong ruler
Built capital at ______________________________
Law and order
Taxes, _______________ low
More effective implementation of earlier _______________ policies
Major achievements of Tang Dynasty
Transportation and communications
Extensive ____________________, courier services
___________________________ System
20% of land hereditary ownership
80% redistributed according to formula
Family
size, land fertility
Worked well until 8th century
Corruption, loss of land to ______________________________ monasteries
Bureaucracy of Merit
Imperial civil service __________________________
___________________________ educational curriculum
Some bribery, nepotism
But most ______________________ through merit
Built loyalty to the dynasty
System remains strong until early 20th century
Tang Military Expansion and Foreign Relations
Manchuria, Korea, Vietnam, Tibet
One of the largest ______________________________ of China in its
history
Established tributary relationships
Gifts
China as “_________________________________________”
The ________________________________ ritual
.
Tang Decline
Governmental neglect: Emperor obsessed with music, favorite
____________________
775 __________________________ under An Lushan, former military
commander
Captures Chang’an, but rebellion crushed by 763
Nomadic Uighur mercenaries invited to suppress rebellion, sacked
Chang’an and Luoyang
Tang decline continues, rebellions in 9th century, last emperor
_________________ 907
Song Dynasty (960-1279 CE)
Emphasis on _______________________________, industry, education, the
arts
Military not emphasized
Direction of first emperor, _________________________ (r. 960-976 CE)
Former _______________________ leader
Made emperor by ____________________
Instituted policy of imperial favor for civil servants, expanded
_____________________________________
The Song dynasty, 960-1279 C.E.
Song Weaknesses
Size of bureaucracy heavy _________________ on economy
Two peasant __________________________ in 12th c.
Internal inertia prevents reform of ___________________________
_____________________ service leadership of military
Lacked __________________________ training
Unable to contain _________________________ attacks
________________________________ conquer, force Song dynasty to
Hangzhou, southern China (Southern Song)
Agricultural Economies of the Tang and Song Dynasties
Developed Vietnamese fast-ripening rice, _________ crops per year
Technology: ___________________________________________, use of draft
animals
Soil ____________________________________, improved irrigation
Water wheels, canals
__________________________________ farming
Population Growth
Result of increased agricultural ________________________________
Effective _________________________ distribution system
Transportation networks built under _____________ and ____________
dynasties
Urbanization
Chang’an world’s most populous city:
_____________________________________________
Southern Song capital _________________________________: over 1
million
Patriarchal Social Structures
Increased emphasis on _______________________________ worship
Elaborate _____________________ rituals
Extended family gatherings in honor of __________________________
ancestors
_________________________________________ gains popularity
Increased control by __________________________ family members
Technology and Industry
__________________________________________ (“Chinaware”)
Increase of iron production due to use of _______________, not coal,
in furnaces
Agricultural tools, weaponry
____________________________________ invented
Earlier ________________________ techniques refined
Moveable _____________________ by mid-11th century
Yet complex Chinese ideographs make _______________________ technique
easier
__________________________ technology
Emergence of a Market ____________________________
Letters of ________________ developed to deal with copper coin
shortages
Promissory notes, ________________________ also used
Development of independently produced ______________________ money
Not as stable, ______________________ when not honored
Government claims ________________________ on money production in 11th
century
China and the Hemispheric Economy
Increasingly _______________________________________ nature of Chinese
cities
Chinese _______________________ opens up trade routes, but increases
local demands for _______________________________ luxury goods
Cultural Change in Tang and Song China
Declining confidence in _____________________________ after collapse
of Han dynasty
Increasing popularity of ______________________________
Christianity, Manichaeism, Zoroastrianism, Islam also appear
Clientele primarily foreign merchant class
Dunhuang
___________________________________________ Buddhism especially
popular in western China (Gansu province), 600-1000 CE
Buddhist temples, libraries
Economic success as converts donate land holdings
Increase popularity through donations of agricultural produce to the
poor
Conflicts with Chinese Culture
Buddhism:
Text-based (Buddhist teachings)
Emphasis on __________________________________________
______________________________ ideal
Celibacy
_____________________________________
Confucianism:
Text-based (Confucian teachings)
Daoism not text-based
Emphasis on ethics, politics
_____________________________________________________________
Procreation
__________________________________________________
Chan (_____________________) Buddhism
Buddhists adapt ideology to Chinese climate
Dharma translated as _______________________
Nirvana translated as ___________________
Accommodated _________________________ lifestyle
“one son in monastery for ten generations of
__________________________”
Limited emphasis on _____________________________ study, meditation
instead
Persecution of Buddhists
Daoist/Confucian persecution supported in late _______________ dynasty
840s begins systematic closure of _________________________ temples,
expulsions
Zoroastrians, Christians, Manicheans as well
Economic motive: seizure of large monastic
____________________________________
Neo-Confucianism
__________________________ dynasty refrains from persecuting Buddhists,
but favors ___________________________________________
Neo-Confucians influenced by _____________________________________
thought
China and Korea
______________________ Dynasty: Tang armies withdraw, Korea recognizes
_____________________________ as emperor
Technically a ____________________________ statue, but highly
independent
Chinese influence on Korean culture pervasive
China and Vietnam
Vietnamese ___________________________________________ to Chinese
culture, technology
But ongoing resentment at _____________________________ domination
Assert __________________________________ when Tang dynasty falls in
10th century
China and Early Japan
Chinese armies _________________________ invade Japan
Yet Chinese ___________________________ pervasive
Imitation of ____________________ administration
Establishment of new capital at _________, hence “Nara Japan” (710794 CE)
Adoption of ______________________________________,
_________________________ teachings
Yet retention of _____________________________ religion
Heian Japan (794-1185 CE)
Japanese emperor moves court to Heian (________________________)
Yet emperor figurehead, real power in hands of
______________________________ clan
Pattern in Japanese history: _______________ emperor, power behind the
throne
Helps explain longevity of the institution
Japanese Literature
Influence of Chinese _______________________ characters
Classic curriculum dominated by _________________________
Institution of the Shogun
Civil war between Taira and Minamoto clans in 12th century
________________________________ leader named shogun, 1185 CE
Ruled from _____________________________, allowed imperial throne to
continue in Kyoto
Medieval Japan
Kamakura (1185-1333 CE) and Muromachi (1336-1573 CE) periods
Decentralized power in hands of
___________________________________________
Military authority in hands of ________________________________
Professional warriors