Download Comprehensive Global Review Sheet

REVIEW SHEET
Introduction
General Terms:
GLOBAL HISTORY I and II
history
Cultural diffusion
Political
culture
economic
technology
geography
interdependence
Geography:
location, climate, natural resources, physical features
 Effects of geography on people and cultural development (RB 364-365)
Economic systems: traditional, manorial, command, mixed, market
 Working knowledge of… compare and contrast (RB 365)
Political systems: (RB 365-366)
Traditional- clan, tribe, feudal system
Modern Democratic – parliamentary – republic
Dictatorship – autocrat, totalitarian, oligarchy,
absolute monarch, theocracy
Other-limited monarchy, constitutional monarchy
 Working knowledge of… compare and contrast
Paleolithic 2,000,000 - 10,000 years ago
Economy – hunter and gatherers, nomadic
Neolithic Revolution – 10,000 – 5,000 years ago
Man changed from nomadic hunter/gatherer to Agriculture, permanent settlement
UNIT I
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Early River Civilizations/Classic Civilization – 4000BC-500AD
Golden Ages (RB 366)
Characteristics of:
Writing systems
Complex political organization
Monumental architecture
Traditional economies
Urbanized society
Belief systems (animistic, polytheistic
Complex social organization Geography – nearness to water
Egypt: Nile River
Mesopotamia: between the Tigris, Euphrates Rivers (Fertile Crescent)
Hammurabi code
Indus River Valley: Harappa, Mohenjo Daro
Yellow River: Shang, Zhou dynasties, dynastic rule, mandate of heaven
Effects of geography on cultural development
South Asia
Maurya
Gupta
Europe
Greece: formed on a mountainous peninsula, independent city-states developed
Athens: The world’s first democracy. Culture and education were important.
Sparta: A military and totalitarian society
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REVIEW SHEET
GLOBAL HISTORY I and II
Rome:
A powerful central government
The empire controlled the area around the Mediterranean Sea
Pax Romana: Peace of Rome – a 200 year period of peace in which many achievements
occurred
Twelve Tables of Law: Many American laws are based on it
Spread of Christianity
Culture and education were important
Fall of the Roman Empire: Western Europe plunged into a time period of instability and
disorder. No government could provide peace and order
East Asia
Han dynasty: Confucian philosophy, golden age, expansion of empire, Silk Road
*** Contributions and factors that led to rise and decline
Belief Systems (RB 364)
Traditional: Animism, polytheism
Hinduism:
polytheistic, caste system, karma, dharma, reincarnation, untouchables,
Vedas
Buddhism:
(started in India and spread out) reincarnation, nirvana, Gautama
Confucianism: 5 filial relationships code of conduct stresses values, respect, virtue,
obey elders and leaders, family is more important than the individual, leaders are role
models
Taoism: Yin and Yang, harmony with nature
Shintoism: animistic
Judaism: monotheism, Moses, Torah, Ten Commandments, Old Testament
Christianity: Jesus, Bible, “Brotherhood of man”, Judeo/Christian ethic
Islam: (Muslim) monotheism, Mohammed, Koran, 5 Pilllars of Faith, Allah
 characteristics of each
 similarities and differences between
UNIT II
Empires: Zones of Exchange and Encounter (500-1200)
India – Gupta: Golden Age, advances in learning
Mughal Empire Akbar, blend of Islam and Indian culture
China – Tang: expanded empire tributary states, art
Song: strong economy, foreign trade, art
Byzantine Empire: eastern part of the Roman Empire (after it fell)
Location allowed them to control trade routes and build a strong economy
Constantinople, blend of cultures, Contributions in art, education and law
Justinian code of laws
Islamic Empire: spread of Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula to northern Africa, central
Asia and India, golden age-advances in medicine, science, math, art, literature
Medieval Europe
Factors that led to European “dark age”
Manorialism – self-sufficient, traditional economy
Role of the Church
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GLOBAL HISTORY I and II
Crusades – holy wars, causes and long term effects
Increase in trade, cultural diffusion, and economic growth
Black Plague –effects of
Achievements in each period, law, art, religion
Unit III Global Interactions (1200-1650)
Asia
Japan-feudalism, role of the shogun, samurai, farmers, artisans, merchants
Bushido, difference between European feudalism and centralized Japanese
Feudalism, Tokagawa
Mongol- expansion and effects on Asia and Europe, silk road
Military expertise, extent of empire, impact on trade between Europe and Asia, Yuan
dynasty
African Kingdoms
Ghana
Mali – Mansa Musa – adoption of Islam
Songhai – influence of Islam
 Importance of the gold/salt trade
Europe
Renaissance – Where, why it began, where it did, Humanism, changes in art, Artists
and their contributions
Protestant Reformation – Where and why, Martin Luther, 95 Theses,
Lutheranism, Calvinism
Counter/Catholic Reformation – council of Trent, Inquisition
Scientific revolution – individuals and their accomplishments, connection to the
Renaissance
Effects and impact of Black Plague
Rise of Nation States
UNIT IV
Global Age (1450-1770)
Great Exploration, Age of Discovery – navigational innovations
European impact (economic, political and social) on Asia, Africa and Americas
Imperialism – motivations for
British, France, etal in Africa
British in South Asia (India)
Spain, Portugal, etal in Latin America
British, France in Southeast Asia
British, etal in East Asia
Mercantilism
Advantages of Europeans over native peoples
Cultural diffusion
Effect of colonization
Slave trade – impact on Africa and New World
Commercial revolution
Capitalism, entrepreneurs, joint stock companies
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GLOBAL HISTORY I and II
Latin America
Aztec (Mexico City) writing system
Inca (Peru) mountains, road system, no formal writing system
Maya (Yucatan Peninsula) writing system, irrigation farming, temples
All were highly advanced, structured and deeply religious societies
All societies were conquered by the military superiority of the Europeans as well as European
diseases.
Ottoman Empire:
Conquer the Byzantine territory, Suleiman
Asia
Ming dynasty
Europe
Absolutism “Age of kings”
Monarchy, divine right
England: Magna Carta, Bill of Rights, Petition of Rights – limited the power of the
King, Elizabeth I
France: Louis XIV-Sun king
10TH GRADE…
UNIT V Age of Revolutions (1750-1914)
Scientific Revolution
Scientific method – based on universal laws of science (not religion)
Enlightenment
Philosophers – John Locke – natural rights, Rousseau, Voltaire, Montesquieu
Scientific approach to governments and social issues
Nationalism – desire for self-rule (autonomy, self determination)
French revolution causes/effects
Latin American Revolutions – Bolivar, causes/ effects Mexican revolution
Congress of Vienna – reaction to nationalism and revolution
Absolutism in Russia – reaction to revolutions
Unification of Germany, Italy
Nationalism (RB 366-367)
Zionism, India , Turkey, Balkans
Agrarian revolution-causes/effects
Industrial revolution – causes/effects
Social Darwinism, Marxism
Meiji Restoration – causes/effects of Japanese modernization
New Imperialism (RB 367)
Causes/impact (difference between old and new)
Gold, God and Glory – nationalistic, military, economic, missionary motives
Scramble for Africa – Berlin Conference
Attempts at nationalism
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GLOBAL HISTORY I and II
British-India - Sepoy mutiny
China – Opium wars, Taiping, Boxer rebellions
UNIT VI 20th Century Crises and Achievements (1900-1945)
WWI – Causes MAIN, Balkan conflict, decline of Ottoman Empire, new technology, total war,
costly in human and natural resources
Versailles Treaty, Wilson’s Fourteen Points, League of Nations, Totalitarianism: Hitler,
Stalin, Mao Zedong, Mussolini, Militarism, fascism
Russian revolution – causes/effects
Bolshevik revolution - causes/effects – Lenin, totalitarianism, Command economy
Nationalism – Kemal Ataturk – Westernization, modernization of Turkey
Reza Khan, modernize and westernize Iran
Mohandas Gandhi – Independence for India, civil disobedience
Sun Yixian, Jiang Jieshi – China
WWII
Causes, impact, new technology, appeasement
Axis (Totalitarianism) vs. Allies (Democracy)
Holocaust
Nationalism desire for self-rule (independence from the mother country)
Africa – Most African nations became independent in the 1950’s and 1960’s. European nations
were weakened from WWII and could no longer control their colonies. Rise of
nationalism in African nations.
Ghana – Kwame Nkrumah (peaceful)
Kenya – Jomo Kenyatta, Kikuyu, Mau Mau (violent)
Most African nations experienced severe economic hardship after independence and
still do. Many had difficulty adjusting to European type governments
South/Southeast Asia
India – India’s fight for independence was led by Mohandas Gandhi, passive resistance
(nonviolent resistance). Civil disobedience – purposely breaking an unjust law to
protest it, Amritsar Massacre, Sepoy Rebellion, independence was gained in 1947
First Prime Minister was Jawaral Nehru
Pakistan – Partition Plan 1947 religious conflict between Hindu’s and Moslems led to split of
India into two nations – India – Hindus/ Pakistan –(Moslem feared Hindu domination)
millions of Hindus and Moslems were killed in the forced relocation (migration), Gandhi
was assassinated
Vietnam
– Ho Chi Mink leads Vietnam to independence from France, Guerilla Warfare, U.S
involvement, domino principle
Cambodia - (Kampuchea) – Poi Pot – Khmer Rouge – genocide
Philippines – U.S. ally – Ferdinand Marco, Corazon Aquino
China 1911 – 1949 nationalism and conflict grow in china
Civil war between Communists (Mao Zedong) and Nationalist Jiang Jeishi (Chiang KaiShek). Communist win and Mao changes China into a Communist nation by: use of
propaganda, control of business and industry, ownership of property, denies human
rights, attacked traditional life
Long March – 1934 retreat of communist forces (6,000 mile journey) showed strength of
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REVIEW SHEET
GLOBAL HISTORY I and II
communist under Mao leadership
Red Book – Written collection of Mao sayings. Officials were expected to memorize it.
Great Leap Forward – 1950’s –named for the 2nd five year plan in China –rapid industrialization
through central planning under Mao’s leadership
Cultural Revolution – mid 1960’s – Failure of the Great Leap Forward Program sparked an
internal power struggle in China. Mao used the Red Guard squashed the opposition.
Middle East Imperialists interested in strategic waterways “crossroads of the world” later
oil, Nationalist goals – kick out Europeans, self-rule
Egypt – Nassar, Sadat, intifada
Israel – Meir, Begin – Zionism
Turkey – Ataturk
Palestinian homeland – Arafat Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)
WWI- British Mandate, Ballfour Declaration
WWII – “Cold War” – US/USSR involvement in Middle East
UNIT VII - World since 1945 (1945-present)
Cold War – Democracy vs. Communism, West vs. East, U.S. vs. USSR,N.A.T.O. vs. Warsaw Pact
Satellite nations/Eastern Europe – buffer zone for USSR, Iron Curtain, superpowers,
partition of Germany, Marshall Plan
Middle East
Arab-Israel conflict
Over religion (Islam, Judaism) land (Palestine, Israel)
Conflict has roots in Ancient times
Armed conflicts: Independence 1948, Suez Canal 1956, Six Day War 1967,Yom Kippur 1973
Camp David Accord (Peace Treaty)1977 – 1978
Both agree to peace, work to solve Middle East problems first peace treaty between Arab
nation (Moslem) and Israel (Jewish)
Arab nations did not support treaty – felt betrayed and hostile
1993 Peace Accords
Rabin (Israel)
Arafat (Palestinians)
Grant self-rule to
Recognize Israel
Palestinians in
Renounce terrorism
Occupied territories
1994 – Jordan, Syria recognize Israel
OPEC
Organization
controls the price and supply of oil – cartel
Petroleum
uses oil as a “weapon”
Exporting
punishes nations for supporting Israel – 1973 oil embargo
Countries
Terrorism – violence, fear as a weapon. Goal: attention – PLO/Libya
Islamic Fundamentalism – return to “OLD” values. Anti-West, causes revolution in Iran
(Khomeini), Saudi Arabia
Traditional vs. Modern (Western) – oil, money, technology, religion, role of women
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GLOBAL HISTORY I and II
Desertification
Lack of technology
No Arab Unity – lack of Pan Arabism
Other conflicts - Iran-Iraq War, Persian Gulf War
China – Four Modernization – 1970’s Revision of China’s economic policy by Deng
Xiaoping, Four areas in which China should concentrate (Agriculture, Industry, National
Defense and Science and technology)
Denial of Human rights – Tiananen Square (1989) a student led protest for democracy was
crushed by the military force.
Attempt to reform the economy by giving incentives to people (Profit motivation)
Population problem – largest population in the world (over a billion) have issued a “one couple
– one child policy”
The Collapse of Imperialism…Developing nations
Africa Since independence Africa has been economically unstable
Lack of trained people – after independence technical experts returned to Europe
Lack of capital – dependency on outside nations for investment money
Urbanization – unemployment, congestion, poverty, pollution, etc.
Limited agriculture (traditional farming methods)
Dependency on cash crops (risky business) “One crop economies”
Deforestation (tropical rainforests)
Desertification (soil erosion) due to overgrazing, over cultivation, deforestation
Overpopulation
Disease and hunger (aids, malaria)
Illiteracy
Debt
Human rights abuses (South Africa, Somalia, Ethiopia)
Latin America
Latin America is a concern to the United States because of the geographic proximity to
the United States
Cuba – communist – seen as a threat to the U.S. – Fidel Castro is a totalitarian dictator
Mexico – borders the U.S. to the south – illegal aliens
Haiti – trade, economic refugees
Costa Rica – stable government (democracy)
Organization of American States (OAS) attempts to settle problems peacefully among its
members
Economic instability cash crops or one crop economies – are risky
Underdevelopment and huge debts
Political instability – threat of communism, revolution and poverty
Overpopulation
Urbanization
India
Overpopulation – most populated democracy
Suffers from poverty, unemployment, unskilled workers, environmental problems
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GLOBAL HISTORY I and II
Problems being a democracy – no tradition
Use traditional farming methods. 75% illiterate
Urbanization
Oppression of women – bride burning, suttee, dowry, males are favored, female
infanticide
Mother Theresa – noble prize winner for her help with the destitute in Calcutta
Nuclear capability
Southeast Asia
War and communist uprisings – instability of most Southeast Asian governments
Europe
European community – Pan Europeanism
German reunification
New nations/ethnic clashes/ religious clashes – Yugoslavia, Ireland
Russia (Collapse of the former USSR)
Political instability transition to democracy – Gorbachev, Yeltsin, Putin
Perestroika, glasnost
Economic hardship since the collapse of communism
Ethnic conflict – Chechnya
Nuclear capability
UNIT VIII the World Today (1980-present)
Developing nations – obstacles to overcome
Economic interdependence
Terrorism
Ethnic and religious conflicts
United Nations and its role in keeping peace
Modernization – effects and problems
Urbanization, overpopulation, changing role of women
Green Revolution – limits of
Literacy
Computer revolution
Medical technology
Environment – pollution, desertification, deforestation, nuclear safety
Thematic Essay Topics
Change
Turning Points
Belief Systems
Geography and Environment
Economic Systems
Political System
Golden Ages
Nationalism
Diversity/Interdependence
Justice and Human Rights
Movement of People and Goods
Science and Technology
Conflict
Modern Global Connections
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GLOBAL HISTORY I and II
Imperialism
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