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Everything that goes into a chemical equation must be accounted for (This is the law of conservation of mass: Matter cannot be created or destroyed) This is also helpful because we can see how much product (right side of the equation) that we will get depending on the amount of reactant (left side) that we put in. Hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen. Balance the equation: H2O2 H2O + O2 We cannot change the subscript (the little numbers) because that would change the chemical formula and then it would be a completely different chemical. What we can do is put a big number in the front of each compound. The number we put in the front is called the coefficient. We use coefficients to balance chemical equations. Think of the arrow as an equal sign. You can go back and forth and make sure you have the same number of each element on both sides, or you can use the chart method to get you started. H2 O 2 H 2 O + O 2 Reactant 2 H 2 O Product 2 3 I have 3 Oxygens (O) on the right because the first one adds to the second two. Use the plus sign to help you remember to add. My Hydrogens (H) match, but my Oxygens (O) don’t so I need to fix them. When I put a coefficient in front it will multiply everything in the formula. H2O2 2H2O + O2 I now have: Reactant Product 2 H 2 4 2 O 3 4 2H2O2 2H2O + O2 Now I have: Reactant Product 4 2 H 2 4 4 2 O 3 4 Make sure that you can’t reduce your coefficients any more than they already are. For example: 2Cu + 4AgNO3 4Ag + 2Cu(NO3)2 I can divide all of the coefficients by 2, so I should have: Cu + 2AgNO3 2Ag + Cu(NO3)2 1. 3 H2 + N2 Reactants 6 2 2 2NH3 H N Products 3 6 1 2 2. C+ H2O Reactants 1 2 1 CO + H2 C H O Products 1 2 1 The equation is already balanced so you just need to write “balanced” underneath the equation 3. AgNO3 + FeCl3 Reactants 1 Ag 1 N 3 O 1 Fe 3 Cl AgCl + Fe(NO3)3 Products 1 3 The number outside the parentheses 9 multiplies what is 1 inside 1 3. 3 AgNO3 + FeCl3 3 AgCl + Fe(NO3)3 Reactants 3 1 3 1 9 3 1 3 Ag N O Fe Cl Products 1 3 3 9 1 1 3