Download Ex 3 Review - University of Arizona | Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

406 Review f2008 Ex3
13 Nov 2008
Your third midterm exam (Thursday 20 November) will cover material since your second
midterm, including material from Dr. Moll through material from our professional panel on 18
November. Format will be similar to the first two midterm exams. Enjoy.
23 Oct 2008
River Turtle Conservation, Ed Moll (Ch 7 of his book)
1. What is the biggest threat to Asian river turtles?
2. What selective force likely led to the thick shell bones in river turtles?
3. In 1900, how was the drummer population managed by the sultan?
4. What was the problem for turtles with the 1/3 hunter, 1/3 government, 1/3 recruitment
plan of turtle-egg conservation?
5. Which country is probably the biggest consumer of turtle products?
6. Other than the biggest threat you answered about above, can you list three other threats
to river turtles?
7. Describe two pros and two cons to ex situ turtle-rearing strategies.
8. Why is marking of released captive bred turtles important?
9. What is an umbrella species? Is this different from a flagship species?
10. Did Dr. Moll advocate captive breeding programs as a productive conservation measure
for the river turtles? Why or why not?
11. How should we protect river turtles?
30 Oct 2008
Sky Island Conservation, Matt Skroch (Noss, Warshall readings)
12. What is the goal of the SIA?
13. What is a sky island? Why is the N-S axis in our sky-island region important? (Warshall)
14. What four large biogeographic regions come together in southern Arizona and northern
Mexico? Could you draw our sky island region on a map?
15. What combination of factors make the sky islands biologically unique relative to other
mountain formations in the US?
16. When and how did the sky islands form?
17. How did island biogeography influence conservation biology (Noss)?
18. Should conservation biologists be advocates?
19. In comparison to what other discipline does Noss argue Conservation Biology is distinct?
Do you agree?
20. Do we have evidence to suggest that the Madrean Sky Island region is especially
diverse?
21. What is the goal of the SIA with respect to the Tumacacori Highlands? How does SIA go
about trying to achieve their goal?
22. How is time partitioned into different duties in the job of executive director of SIA?
23. Should negation and compromise be important in conservation?
24. What is the role of the biological sciences in conservation?
25. What are the relative sizes of an individual sky-island and the home range of a black
bear, mountain lion, or jaguar?
04 Nov 2008
Protected Areas (finish ‘Laws’) (Primack Ch 7)
26. What is CITES? What does it accomplish and how?
27. In general, what is the Ramsar Convention?
28. What is the role/goal of the WTO in global conservation?
29. What are four ways that protected areas are typically created? How much of the Earth’s
surface is protected?
30. Explain the five criteria used to prioritize proposed conservation areas.
31. What are three approaches for rationalizing a given protected area?
32. What are the four Rs? Do you agree with the way Primack defines them?
33. What does SLOSS mean?
34. As a conservation biologist trying to save the greatest biodiversity, what factors might you
want to consider when deciding whether to protect one large area or several small areas?
35. How do most conservation biologists recommend that protected areas be shaped? Why?
36. What are the pros and cons of corridors between protected areas?
37. Why is it especially challenging to protect large carnivores?
38. Compare and contrast active and adaptive management.
39. Explain how a small marine reserve can increase abundance and diversity outside the
reserve. Does this happen in terrestrial situations as well?
40. How is the approach of a biosphere reserve (anywhere in the world) different than a
national park (in the US)?
41. Should we accommodate human needs when contemplating conservation areas and
management guidelines? Why or why not?
06 Nov 2008
Fire, Mary Jane Epps (Donovan & Brown)
42. Why is knowledge of fire regime important?
43. Compare fires in the last 100 years with fires before 1900. How did they differ?
44. How do we know about fires from hundreds of years ago?
45. What season has the most fires in the southwest US? When are most prescribed burns
lit?
46. How did the Big Blow Up affect fire suppression policy in the western US?
47. How can fires differ? Do they contribute to ecosystem function and diversity? How?
48. How are fire and invasive species linked?
49. Give three examples of fire-adapted ecosystems. Give an example of an invasive species
that is altering fire regime.
50. Name one species that has become endangered partly because of a changing fire
regime. How did this species use the historic fire regime to meet its needs?
51. How have plants adapted to fire? Do some plants require fire?
52. Explain a few pros and cons of fire suppression. Do the pros outweigh the cons?
53. How does climate change influence fire regime?
54. How did Donovan and Brown propose we manage fire? What tools or incentives would
they suggest employing?
55. Compare the merits of fire suppression, prescribed burning, and thinning. Is one of these
a panacea?
56. “There is no conscious dishonesty, but there is plenty of human nature” (SE White 1920).
What does this mean?
13 Nov 2008
Hawaiian Silverswords, Rob Robichaux
57. What is adaptive radiation? Why does it occur rapidly on islands? What is the “founder
effect”?
58. List 3 threats to the Hawaiian silverswords.
59. Explain “Preparing for Loihi.”
a. http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/HCV/loihi.html
b. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/volcanoes/loihi/
60. From what continent did the Hawaiian Silversword’s relatives originate?
61. Robichaux studied regulatory gene evolution in the Silverswords. Why are these genes a
good place to focus research attention?
62. What information can be inferred by studying the ratio of 1) mutations that alter the amino
acid composition of a protein to 2) the mutations that are silent (same amino acid coded
for by altered/different genes)?
63. What is monocarpic reproduction?
64. What do Robichaux and colleagues attempt to do with invasive ungulates in Silversword
areas?
65. What was the problem with the captive propagation program that was undertaken for the
Silverswords in the 1970s, 80s, and 90s?
66. Why won’t the silverswords recover without human intervention even if the invasive
grazers are removed?
67. Robichaux listed three large groups of organisms that are not native to Hawaii. Can you
name two of them?
68. Is the oldest Hawaiian island of Kauai about 500,000 years old, 5 million years old, or 5
billion years old?
69. Do you think that Hawaii having 40% of the listed ESA species (threatened or
endangered) but only 0.2% of the land area reflects realistic ratios of what species are in
trouble and where (in the U.S.)?
18 Nov 2008
Professional Panel, Margi Brooks, Mima Falk, Dale Turner
70. What three groups were represented? How would you say each group differed in its
importance or relevance to conservation biology?
71. What two pieces of information were most useful to you from this exercise?
72. Which of these groups would you most likely be willing to work for? Why?
73. For which of these three organizations do you think the ESA plays the biggest role?
Why?
74. What is a conservation easement? How does it work? Is it effective?
75. Other questions I haven’t predicted that may arise from our meeting on the 18 th.
Suerte!