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Chapter 44
Sexual Reproduction
THEMES AND OBJECTIVES
The following is a list of the main themes covered in this chapter and some study objectives. As
you study, focus on these areas. Understand how the information you study fits into these themes
and how these themes relate to each other. Be sure you master each objective before moving on.
1.
Mammals reproduce by internal fertilization when haploid gametes unite to form a zygote.
 Review the processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis.
 Describe the male and female reproductive organs and how they function.
 Discuss the process of fertilization.
2.
Several hormones control the reproductive cycles in both males and females.
 Explain the relationship between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary in controlling
reproductive cycles.
 Review all hormones discussed in this chapter, including where they originate, what they
do, and how they interact with other hormones.
 Thoroughly explain the female reproductive cycle.
3.
During pregnancy, the new offspring develops within the uterus and the mother's systems
support the developing life.
 Describe all events during pregnancy from the moment of conception to delivery.
 Discuss the hormonal controls of pregnancy.
 Discuss lactation and the positive feedback that is involved.
4.
Humans use various forms of contraception and birth control to limit their reproductions.

Discuss each of the birth control methods covered in this chapter, including the mechanism by
which it works, advantages and disadvantages, and its success rate.