Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
US History Principles to Ensure a Balance of Power Name: _________________ Do Now: “The Federalist Papers were a series of eighty-five essays urging the citizens of New York to ratify the new United States Constitution. Written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, the essays originally appeared anonymously in New York newspapers in 1787 and 1788 under the pen name ‘Publius’…The Federalist Papers are considered one of the most important sources for interpreting and understanding the original intent of the Constitution.” ~ loc.gov Excerpts from Federalist No. 51 “TO WHAT expedient then, shall we finally resort, for maintaining in practice the necessary partition of power among the several departments, as laid down in the Constitution? The only answer that can be given is…by so contriving the interior structure of the government as that its several constituent parts may, by their mutual relations, be the means of keeping each other in their proper places… In order to lay a due foundation for that separate and distinct exercise of the different powers of government, which to a certain extent is admitted on all hands to be essential to the preservation of liberty, it is evident that each department should have a will of its own; and consequently should be so constituted that the members of each should have as little agency as possible in the appointment of the members of the others… But the great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department, consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others…” Questions: 1- What are the Federalist Papers? ________________________________________________________________________ 2- What insights (understandings) can the Federalist Papers provide? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3- According to the authors of Federalist Paper No. 51, why must the power of government be partitioned or divided among several departments? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4- What is another term for “keeping each other in their proper places”? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5- According to the authors of Federalist Paper No. 51, what is essential to the preservation of liberty? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 6- What does “resist encroachment” mean in the passage? ________________________________________________________________________ Principles of the Constitution I. Separation of Powers Article I of the Constitution: Devoted to the Congress (Legislative Branch) Article II of the Constitution: Devoted to the President (Executive Branch) Article III of the Constitution: Devoted to the Federal Judiciary (Judicial Branch) II. Checks and Balances - Prevents the abuse of power by any one of them - A system that allows each branch of a government to amend or veto acts of another branch so as to prevent any one branch from exerting too much power III. Federalism - Concept of distributing powers of government between one central or national government (usually called the “federal government”) and the governments of several states into which a country is divided IV. Structure of the Constitution - A Preamble setting forth the reasons the Constitution was adopted - A main body of seven articles divided into sections and clauses - Shortly after ratification, an appendix of amendments to the Constitution Questions: 1- How does the U.S. Constitution realize Montesquieu’s concept of “separation of powers”? ________________________________________________________________________ 2- Define checks and balances. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3- Define federalism. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4- How do the following concepts work together to prevent tyranny in the U.S.A.: separation of powers, checks and balances, and federalism ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5- Explain the various parts of the U.S. Constitution. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 6- The Preamble of the Constitution establishes that the people are the source of authority. How does this differ from Divine Right Theory? ________________________________________________________________________ 7- Analyze the six goals stated in the Preamble: to set up a stronger government than had existed under the Articles of Confederation; to improve the judicial system; to guarantee peace within and among states; to provide protection for the country; to provide for the general welfare; and to maintain liberty for citizens. How were these goals similar to other countries and how were these goals different? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Analyze the charts below concerning the three branches of government: Legislative Executive Judicial Congress (Bicameral) The president of the Made up of the 1- House of United States, the Supreme Court and Representatives vice president, and other courts (representation the major Its job is to interpret determined by departments of the laws population) government 2- Senate Together, all the (Two Senators for leaders, along with every State) the president, vice Its job is to make president, and a few laws other people, make up the cabinet Decides on who and what to tax and how The job of the to use tax money executive branch is to enforce the laws Each house meets separately but they can come together for joint sessions P.S. And don’t forget that the public also is part of the system of checks and balances. If citizens aren’t satisfied with an official, they can choose to not reelect him or her. How Each Branch Can Check or Limit the Other Branches: Legislative Executive Judicial Congress can override The President can The court can declare the President’s veto with veto congressional presidential acts a two-thirds vote in both legislation unconstitutional the House and Senate The President The court can declare Congress controls the nominates judges laws unconstitutional budget Congress approves Presidential nominations Congress can impeach the president and judges 1- What are the responsibilities of the Legislative branch of government and how does it check the powers of the Executive and Judicial branches? ________________________________________________________________________ 2- What are the responsibilities of the Executive branch of government and how does it check the powers of the Legislative and Judicial branches? ________________________________________________________________________ 3- What are the responsibilities of the Judicial branch of government and how does it check the powers of the Legislative and Executive branches? ________________________________________________________________________ 1. Which statement most accurately describes federalism? (1) The judicial branch of government has more power than the other two branches. (2) The president and vice president divide executive power. (3) Power is divided between the national government and the states. (4) Power is shared between the two houses of Congress. 2. What is a principle of government that is stated in the Preamble to the United States Constitution? (1) Federal laws must be subject to state approval. (2) The power of government comes from the people. (3) The right to bear arms shall not be infringed. (4) All men and women are created equal. 3. In the United States Constitution, the power to impeach a federal government official is given to the (1) House of Representatives (2) president (3) state legislatures (4) Supreme Court 4. A constitutional power specifically delegated to the federal government is the power to (1) regulate marriage and divorce (2) establish education standards (3) declare war (4) issue driver’s licenses 5. “The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence.” — United States Constitution, Article IV, Section 4 According to this excerpt, a goal of the framers of the Constitution was to ensure that the United States (1) remained neutral during domestic conflicts involving the states (2) supported the right of each state to resist presidential decisions (3) provided for the common defense of every state (4) approved a bill of rights to protect citizens from government tyranny 6. Passing marriage and divorce laws, creating vehicle and traffic regulations, and setting high school graduation requirements are examples of powers traditionally (1) exercised solely by local governments (2) reserved to the state governments (3) delegated entirely to the federal government (4) shared by the national and local governments 7. “. . . it is the opinion of this committee that a national government ought to be established consisting of a Supreme Legislature, Judiciary, and Executive. . . .” — Resolution submitted by Edmund Randolph, delegate to the Constitutional Convention, 1787 In adopting this resolution, the framers of the Constitution showed their belief in the idea of (1) judicial review (2) an elastic clause (3) States rights (4) separation of powers 8. Which constitutional principle is the focus of this cartoon? (1) Individual liberties (3) Freedom of speech (2) Separation of powers (4) Federalism 9. Federalism is a term used to define the division of power between the (1) President and the vice president (2) Senate and the House of Representatives (3) National and state levels of government (4) Three branches of the federal government 10. Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I.____________________________________ A. Representation B. Slave trade C. Taxation D. Election of the president (1) Causes of the Revolutionary War (2) Provisions of the Treaty of Paris, 1783 (3) Protections under the 10th Amendment (4) Compromises at the Constitutional Convention