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Centre Number Student Number 2014 HSC MID-YEAR EXAMINATION Biology General Instructions Reading time – 5 minutes Your teacher will advise you as to which sections of this paper to attempt. Total marks – 70 Working time – 2 hours This paper has two parts, Part A and Part B Write using black or blue pen Part A – 18 marks 18 multiple choice questions to be completed of a possible 27 (Pages 3-12) Attempt either questions 1 - 9 Maintaining a Balance and/or 10 - 18 Blueprint of Life and/or 19 - 27 Search for Better Health Allow about 30 minutes for this part Draw diagrams using pencil Use the multiple-choice answer sheet provided Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of this page, page 13 and on the multiple-choice answer sheet Part B – 52 marks (26 marks per topic) (Pages 13-28) Attempt two of: 28 - 33 Maintaining a Balance (26 marks) and/or 34 - 39 Blue Print of Life (26 marks) and/or 40 - 45 Search for Better Health (26 marks) Allow about 1 hour and 30 minutes for this part Disclaimer Every effort has been made to prepare this Examination in accordance with the Board of Studies documents. No guarantee or warranty is made or implied that the Examination paper mirrors in every respect the actual HSC Examination question paper in this course. This paper does not constitute ‘advice’ nor can it be construed as an authoritative interpretation of Board of Studies intentions. No liability for any reliance, use or purpose related to this paper is taken. Advice on HSC examination issues is only to be obtained from the NSW Board of Studies. The publisher does not accept any responsibility for accuracy of papers which have been modified. MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 1 BLANK PAGE MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 2 2014 HSC MID-YEAR EXAMINATION BIOLOGY Part A – 18 marks Attempt Questions 1 - 9 Maintaining a Balance 10 - 18 Blueprint of Life 19 – 27 Search for Better Health Allow about 30 minutes for this part Use the multiple-choice answer sheet provided for Questions 1-20 Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval completely. Sample 2 + 4 = (A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9 A B C D If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new answer. A B C D If you have changed your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then indicate this by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows: correct A 1 B C D In humans, what blood pigment absorbs oxygen in the lungs? (A) Haemophilia (B) Carboxyhaemoglobin (C) Haemoglobin (D) Plasma MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 3 2 A student observed a blood sample under a microscope. The field of view was 210 micrometers (µm). The student counted 30 red blood cells across the field of view. There were only a few white blood cells and they were approximately 2 times the size of the white blood cells. What is the size of the white blood cells the student observed? 3 (A) 14 µm (B) 420 µm (C) 60 µm (D) 7 µm The Red Kangaroo is well adapted to living in the hot Australian desert. Which of the following correctly identifies whether the kangaroo is an endothermic or exothermic organism and a response to increase temperature? Ectothermic or endothermic 4 Response to increased temperature (A) Endothermic Licking forearms to assist evaporative cooling (B) Ectothermic Licking forearms to assist evaporative cooling (C) Endothermic Large tail to move faster across the landscape (D) Ectothermic Large tail to move faster across the landscape What is Enantiostasis ? (A) The regulation of nitrogenous wastes in response to water availability (B) The control of water balance in response to external changes (C) The maintenance of body functions in response to changes in the environment (D) The maintenance of a stable internal environment MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 4 5 The diagram below is a simplified representation of the circulatory system in humans. L M N O Which of the blood vessels labelled would contain valves? 6 (A) N (B) L and M (C) M and O (D) L and N Which of the following statements is NOT true about movement of water through the plant? (A) Water molecules tend to be attracted to the sides of the xylem which assists in drawing water up from the roots (B) The water usually moves in both directions throughout the plant (C) As water evaporates from the plants more water is drawn up the xylem (D) Water enters via the root hairs MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 5 7 8 Which process does the diagram below illustrate? (A) Active transport (B) Diffusion (C) Cohesion and adhesion (D) Osmosis Which of the following correctly identifies the urine concentration of freshwater and marine fish? Freshwater Fish Marine Fish (A) Concentrated Concentrated (B) Concentrated Dilute (C) Dilute Concentrated (D) Dilute Dilute MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 6 9 When a blood sample is centrifuged it separates into its components as illustrated in the diagram below. R S T Correctly identify the components R, S and T in the diagram. 10 11 R S T (A) Plasma Red blood cells White blood cells and platelets (B) Plasma White blood cells and platelets Red blood cells (C) Red blood cells Plasma White blood cells and platelets (D) Red blood cells White blood cells and platelets Plasma If a section of DNA contains 200 nucleotides of which 60 contain adenine, how many nucleotides would contain cytosine? (A) 20 (B) 40 (C) 60 (D) 70 Which statement correctly explains the relationship between proteins and polypeptides? (A) A polypeptide is made up of many proteins (B) A protein consists of a chain of amino acids which are composed of polypeptides (C) A polypeptide consists of one or more amino acids which are made up of protein (D) MIDBIO14_EXAM A protein consists of one or more polypeptides, which are a chain of amino acids Page 7 12 The whale and dolphin have similar body shapes. What is this is due to? (A) Convergent evolution (B) Punctuated evolution (C) Divergent evolution (D) Common ancestry MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 8 13 14 15 16 Which scientists were responsible for linking chromosomes to inheritance of particular traits? (A) Crick and Watson (B) Franklin and Wilkins (C) Pasteur and Koch (D) Sutton and Boveri How does the fossil record support the theory of evolution? (A) The fossil record provides a series of related fossils (B) The fossil record shows how dinosaurs became extinct (C) The fossil record shows how organisms have changed over time (D) The fossil record allows us to determine the age of living things Colour blindness is a sex-linked recessive condition in humans. A male with normal vision has children with a female who is colour blind. Which of the following options represents a possible outcome for their children? (A) All the sons will be colour blind (B) 50% of the sons will be colour blind (C) 50% of the daughters will be colour blind (D) All of the children whether boy or girl will be colour blind What does a ‘nucleotide’ contain? (A) The four bases adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine (B) One sugar, one phosphate and one of four possible bases (C) One base, one phosphate and one of four possible sugars (D) Three bases to make one amino acid MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 9 17 18 19 20 The labrador is known for its gentle character and the poodle does not shed hair. When they are breed together you get a ‘labradoodle’. What is this an example of? (A) Artificial insemination (B) Hybridisation (C) Transgenics (D) Recombinant DNA Beadle and Tatum experimented on bread mould to get a better understanding of how genes worked. They came up with a hypothesis that was then altered as our scientific understanding increased. Identify the original hypothesis and the new altered hypothesis. Original Hypothesis New altered Hypothesis (A) One gene - one polypeptide One gene one protein (B) One gene - one polypeptide One gene –one enzyme (C) One gene one protein One gene - one polypeptide (D) One gene one protein One gene – one enzyme What is the cause of an immune response in a recipient of an organ transplant? (A) Antigens displayed on the cell surfaces of donor tissue (B) Naturally occurring microbes in cell tissue of the donor (C) Infection during the surgical procedure (D) Misuse of immunosuppressive drugs When a tissue is damaged or injured it can trigger the release of histamines. This causes the blood vessels to dilate and consequent leakage of fluid that leads to swelling. It also attracts white blood cells called phagocytes and causes an increase in temperature. What is the name of this process? (A) The histamine response (B) Phagocytosis (C) Inflammation (D) Immune response MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 10 21 22 23 Certain substances can pass from the mother to baby via the placenta. What is this an example of? (A) Environmental disease (B) Inherited disease (C) Infectious disease (D) Nutritional deficiency disease Many new products called “probiotics” are being sold in supermarkets. These are foods or supplements that contain micro-organisms, which are mainly bacteria that are beneficial to health. Which type of patient would be given these “probiotics?” (A) Those who had an imbalance of micro flora caused by taking antibiotics (B) Those who had a deficiency disease because of inadequate intake of vitamins (C) Those needing to boost their immune system to make antibodies against them (D) Those needing them to respond to an antigen introduced into the body The diagram illustrates the malaria parasite. Which of the following correct identifies the role of organisms involved in this life cycle? MIDBIO14_EXAM Human Plasmodium Mosquito (A) Vector Pathogen Host (B) Host Pathogen Vector (C) Pathogen Host Vector (D) Host Vector Pathogen Page 11 24 25 26 What is meant by “gene expression”? (A) The gene is undergoing replication (B) A gene has been mutated into a different form (C) A particular section of code has been removed from the sequence (D) The particular code is ‘switched on’ to produce a polypeptide The table shows different diseases and their respective causative pathogens. Which disease could be treated with antibiotics? Pathogen Disease caused by Pathogen (A) Prion CJD Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (B) Plamodiun vivax Malaria (C) Bacterium Vibrio cholerae Cholera (D) Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis A Many HSC students contract glandular fever in their last years of schooling. Students experience: Sore throat Fever Swollen lymph glands and spleen Tiredness What are these descriptions? 27 (A) Host response (B) Cause (C) Symptoms (D) Treatment Which of the following is a bacteria? Answer Microscopic Has a cell wall Contains membrane bound organelles Contains DNA nucleotides (A) (B) (C) (D) MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 12 2014 HSC MID-YEAR EXAMINATION BIOLOGY Centre Number Student Number Part B – 52 marks Attempt Questions 28-33 Maintaining a Balance – 26 marks AND/OR 34-39 Blueprint of Life – 26 marks AND/OR 40-45 Search for Better Health – 26 marks Allow about 1 hour and 30 minutes for this part Answer the questions in the spaces provided. Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations. Question 28 (3 marks) Marks 3 Draw a diagram below to show how the regulation of aldosterone levels in the blood is an example of a negative feedback mechanism. MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 13 Question 29 (3 marks) Marks (a) Identify and indicate clearly which of the following graphs demonstrates : 1 1 Reaction rate A: Substrate concentration on enzyme functioning AND B: Effect of temperature on enzyme functioning (b) For ONE of the above graphs explain the shape of the line. (Make sure your answer clearly indicates which graph you are referring to.) ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 14 2 Question 30 (6 marks) Marks (a) During the unit of work on “Maintaining a Balance” you examined either by dissection or a model the structure of the mammalian kidney. Draw a diagram of a longitudinal section of the kidney labelling three parts of the structure. 4 (b) Name the microscopic functional unit of the kidney involved in filtering the blood and reabsorbing nutrients. 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. (c) This functional unit consists of a glomerulus and then the long tubule. On the diagram you have drawn above, indicate using a symbol similar to one below, where in the kidney the functional unit lies. MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 15 1 Question 31 (4 marks) Marks Using an example identify the two stages of homeostasis and explain why this is important. 4 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. Question 32 (3 marks) Identify an example of active transport in the mammalian kidney and explain why passive transport is not a reasonable alternative. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 16 3 Question 33 (7 marks) Marks Assess how an increased scientific understanding of the structure and function of blood has impacted the development of technologies and the implications these have had on society. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 17 7 Question 34 (3 marks) Marks Coat colour in cattle is a co-dominant inherited characteristic. When the red coat colour allele (R) and white coat colour allele (W) both occur in the one animal (RW) a roan colour is produced. The roan coloured hide is very valuable. Determine the genotypes and phenotypes of each parent that will allow the farmer to guarantee all the offspring will be roan. Use a punnet square to help support your answer. 3 ………….........…………………………………………………………………………. ……………….........……………………………………………………………………. ………….........…………………………………………………………………………. ……………….........……………………………………………………………………. ………….........…………………………………………………………………………. ……………….........……………………………………………………………………. Question 35 (4 marks) During the Biology course you were required to process and analyse information from secondary sources to explain a modern day example of ‘natural’ selection. (a) State the example you studied and describe how Darwin would explain this as an example of natural selection. 3 ………….........…………………………………………………………………………. ……………….........……………………………………………………………………. ………….........…………………………………………………………………………. ……………….........……………………………………………………………………. ………….........…………………………………………………………………………. ……………….........……………………………………………………………………. (b) Comment on how you assured the reliability of the information you gathered. 1 ……………….........……………………………………………………………………. ………….........…………………………………………………………………………. MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 18 Question 36 (5 marks) Marks On a farm in Wyoming, USA, goats are being milked for their spider webs. Professor Lewis and his team have successfully implanted the silk-making genes from a golden orb spider into a herd of goats and are now, finally, producing one of nature's strongest products in useable quantities. Observe this image of spidergoat. Assess this image in terms of how it represents the development and use of transgenic species. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 19 5 Question 37 (3 marks) Marks Analyse, using an example, how advances in technology have changed scientific thinking about evolutionary relationships. 3 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 20 Question 38 (6 marks) Marks (a) Construct a pedigree to depict the following family. One couple has a son and a daughter with normal skin pigmentation. Another couple has one son and two daughters with normal skin pigmentation. The daughter from the first couple has three children with the son of the second couple. Their son and one daughter have albinism (lack of skin pigmentation): their other daughter has normal skin pigmentation. 4 (b) Is albinism a recessive or dominant condition? Justify your answer. 2 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 21 Question 39 (5 marks) Marks Draw a flow chart to represent one methodology of cloning and state or indicate clearly the two individuals that have the same genotype. 5 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 22 Question 40 (3 marks) Marks Australian Scientist Sir Frank MacFarlane Burnet studied the body’s immune response. The diagram below illustrates part of this functioning. 3 X Y Z Complete the following table identifying the parts labelled and their function. Part X Name Description of function Y Z MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 23 Question 41 (5 marks) Marks The following information outlines the risk of having a child with Down Syndrome in relation to the age of the mother. Mothers Age (years) 28 30 33 35 38 40 45 49 Risk of child with Down Syndrome (1 in 100 live births) 0.10 0.11 0.17 0.29 0.50 1.00 3.00 10.00 4 (a) On the grid below, draw an appropriate graph of the data from this table. (b) State the relationship between a mother’s age and the chance of having a child with Down Syndrome. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 24 1 Question 42 (6 marks) Marks Robert Koch established a way to test the link between a pathogen and the disease it causes. These are known as Koch’s postulates. 4 (a) With reference to the diagram outline the 4 main steps in Koch’s postulates. ……………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………. (b) Discuss an ethical issue that may arise if we applied Koch’s postulates directly to humans. 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………. MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 25 Question 43 (4 marks) Marks (a) Annotate the diagram below to identify four defence barriers that prevent the entry of pathogens. 2 (b) Outline the way in which vaccinations prevent infection. 2 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 26 Question 44 (3 marks) Marks In 2011 a total of 57,596 import consignments (goods which are shipped or brought into the country) were rejected or delayed because they did not meet Australian import requirements. Discuss the role of quarantine in preventing the spread of plant and animal diseases into Australia. 3 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 27 Question 45 (5 marks) Marks You have been asked to carry out a first hand investigation to test for microbes in water samples from around the school including: drinking bubblers, bird bath, rain water collecting at a low part of the playground and the wash basin. (a) Identify one risk and the precaution needed to be taken during this investigation. 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. (b) Outline a reliable and valid method you could use. 4 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 28 Centre Number Student Number BIOLOGY – MULTIPLE-CHOICE ANSWER SHEET ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS Question MIDBIO14_EXAM 1 A B C D 2 A B C D 3 A B C D 4 A B C D 5 A B C D 6 A B C D 7 A B C D 8 A B C D 9 A B C D 10 A B C D 11 A B C D 12 A B C D 13 A B C D 14 A B C D 15 A B C D 16 A B C D 17 A B C D 18 A B C D 19 A B C D 20 A B C D 21 A B C D Page 29 MIDBIO14_EXAM 22 A B C D 23 A B C D 24 A B C D 25 A B C D 26 A B C D 27 A B C D Page 30 BLANK PAGE MIDBIO14_EXAM Page 31