Download MIDBIO14_EXAM

Centre Number
Student Number
2014
HSC MID-YEAR EXAMINATION
Biology
General Instructions
 Reading time – 5 minutes
Your teacher will advise you as to which sections of
this paper to attempt.
Total marks – 70
 Working time – 2 hours
This paper has two parts, Part A and Part B
 Write using black or blue pen
Part A – 18 marks
18 multiple choice questions to be completed of a
possible 27 (Pages 3-12)
 Attempt either questions
1 - 9 Maintaining a Balance and/or
10 - 18 Blueprint of Life and/or
19 - 27 Search for Better Health
 Allow about 30 minutes for this part
 Draw diagrams using pencil
 Use the multiple-choice answer sheet
provided
 Write your Centre Number and Student
Number at the top of this page, page 13
and on the multiple-choice answer sheet
Part B – 52 marks (26 marks per topic)
(Pages 13-28)
 Attempt two of:
28 - 33 Maintaining a Balance (26 marks) and/or
34 - 39 Blue Print of Life (26 marks) and/or
40 - 45 Search for Better Health (26 marks)
 Allow about 1 hour and 30 minutes for this part
Disclaimer
Every effort has been made to prepare this Examination in accordance with the Board of Studies documents. No guarantee or warranty is made or
implied that the Examination paper mirrors in every respect the actual HSC Examination question paper in this course. This paper does not constitute
‘advice’ nor can it be construed as an authoritative interpretation of Board of Studies intentions. No liability for any reliance, use or purpose related to
this paper is taken. Advice on HSC examination issues is only to be obtained from the NSW Board of Studies. The publisher does not accept any
responsibility for accuracy of papers which have been modified.
MIDBIO14_EXAM
Page 1
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MIDBIO14_EXAM
Page 2
2014 HSC MID-YEAR EXAMINATION
BIOLOGY
Part A – 18 marks
Attempt Questions 1 - 9
Maintaining a Balance
10 - 18 Blueprint of Life
19 – 27 Search for Better Health
Allow about 30 minutes for this part
Use the multiple-choice answer sheet provided for Questions 1-20
Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval
completely.
Sample
2 + 4 = (A) 2
(B) 6
(C) 8
(D) 9
A
B
C
D
If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the
new answer.
A
B
C
D
If you have changed your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct
answer, then indicate this by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows:
correct
A
1
B
C
D
In humans, what blood pigment absorbs oxygen in the lungs?
(A)
Haemophilia
(B)
Carboxyhaemoglobin
(C)
Haemoglobin
(D)
Plasma
MIDBIO14_EXAM
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2
A student observed a blood sample under a microscope. The field of view was 210
micrometers (µm). The student counted 30 red blood cells across the field of view.
There were only a few white blood cells and they were approximately 2 times the size
of the white blood cells.
What is the size of the white blood cells the student observed?
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(A)
14 µm
(B)
420 µm
(C)
60 µm
(D)
7 µm
The Red Kangaroo is well adapted to living in the hot Australian desert.
Which of the following correctly identifies whether the kangaroo is an endothermic or
exothermic organism and a response to increase temperature?
Ectothermic or endothermic
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Response to increased temperature
(A)
Endothermic
Licking forearms to assist evaporative
cooling
(B)
Ectothermic
Licking forearms to assist evaporative
cooling
(C)
Endothermic
Large tail to move faster across the
landscape
(D)
Ectothermic
Large tail to move faster across the
landscape
What is Enantiostasis ?
(A)
The regulation of nitrogenous wastes in response to water availability
(B)
The control of water balance in response to external changes
(C)
The maintenance of body functions in response to changes in the environment
(D)
The maintenance of a stable internal environment
MIDBIO14_EXAM
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5
The diagram below is a simplified representation of the circulatory system in
humans.
L
M
N
O
Which of the blood vessels labelled would contain valves?
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(A)
N
(B)
L and M
(C)
M and O
(D)
L and N
Which of the following statements is NOT true about movement of water through the
plant?
(A)
Water molecules tend to be attracted to the sides of the xylem which assists in
drawing water up from the roots
(B)
The water usually moves in both directions throughout the plant
(C)
As water evaporates from the plants more water is drawn up the xylem
(D)
Water enters via the root hairs
MIDBIO14_EXAM
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Which process does the diagram below illustrate?
(A)
Active transport
(B)
Diffusion
(C)
Cohesion and adhesion
(D)
Osmosis
Which of the following correctly identifies the urine concentration of freshwater and
marine fish?
Freshwater Fish
Marine Fish
(A)
Concentrated
Concentrated
(B)
Concentrated
Dilute
(C)
Dilute
Concentrated
(D)
Dilute
Dilute
MIDBIO14_EXAM
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9
When a blood sample is centrifuged it separates into its components as illustrated in the
diagram below.
R
S
T
Correctly identify the components R, S and T in the diagram.
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R
S
T
(A)
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
and platelets
(B)
Plasma
White blood cells
and platelets
Red blood cells
(C)
Red blood cells
Plasma
White blood cells
and platelets
(D)
Red blood cells
White blood cells
and platelets
Plasma
If a section of DNA contains 200 nucleotides of which 60 contain adenine, how many
nucleotides would contain cytosine?
(A)
20
(B)
40
(C)
60
(D)
70
Which statement correctly explains the relationship between proteins and polypeptides?
(A)
A polypeptide is made up of many proteins
(B)
A protein consists of a chain of amino acids which are composed of
polypeptides
(C)
A polypeptide consists of one or more amino acids which are made up of
protein
(D)
MIDBIO14_EXAM
A protein consists of one or more polypeptides, which are a chain of amino acids
Page 7
12
The whale and dolphin have similar body shapes.
What is this is due to?
(A)
Convergent evolution
(B)
Punctuated evolution
(C)
Divergent evolution
(D)
Common ancestry
MIDBIO14_EXAM
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14
15
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Which scientists were responsible for linking chromosomes to inheritance of particular
traits?
(A)
Crick and Watson
(B)
Franklin and Wilkins
(C)
Pasteur and Koch
(D)
Sutton and Boveri
How does the fossil record support the theory of evolution?
(A)
The fossil record provides a series of related fossils
(B)
The fossil record shows how dinosaurs became extinct
(C)
The fossil record shows how organisms have changed over time
(D)
The fossil record allows us to determine the age of living things
Colour blindness is a sex-linked recessive condition in humans. A male with normal
vision has children with a female who is colour blind. Which of the following options
represents a possible outcome for their children?
(A)
All the sons will be colour blind
(B)
50% of the sons will be colour blind
(C)
50% of the daughters will be colour blind
(D)
All of the children whether boy or girl will be colour blind
What does a ‘nucleotide’ contain?
(A)
The four bases adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine
(B)
One sugar, one phosphate and one of four possible bases
(C)
One base, one phosphate and one of four possible sugars
(D)
Three bases to make one amino acid
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18
19
20
The labrador is known for its gentle character and the poodle does not shed hair. When
they are breed together you get a ‘labradoodle’. What is this an example of?
(A)
Artificial insemination
(B)
Hybridisation
(C)
Transgenics
(D)
Recombinant DNA
Beadle and Tatum experimented on bread mould to get a better understanding of how
genes worked. They came up with a hypothesis that was then altered as our scientific
understanding increased. Identify the original hypothesis and the new altered
hypothesis.
Original Hypothesis
New altered Hypothesis
(A)
One gene - one polypeptide
One gene one protein
(B)
One gene - one polypeptide
One gene –one enzyme
(C)
One gene one protein
One gene - one polypeptide
(D)
One gene one protein
One gene – one enzyme
What is the cause of an immune response in a recipient of an organ transplant?
(A)
Antigens displayed on the cell surfaces of donor tissue
(B)
Naturally occurring microbes in cell tissue of the donor
(C)
Infection during the surgical procedure
(D)
Misuse of immunosuppressive drugs
When a tissue is damaged or injured it can trigger the release of histamines. This
causes the blood vessels to dilate and consequent leakage of fluid that leads to
swelling. It also attracts white blood cells called phagocytes and causes an increase in
temperature.
What is the name of this process?
(A)
The histamine response
(B)
Phagocytosis
(C)
Inflammation
(D)
Immune response
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22
23
Certain substances can pass from the mother to baby via the placenta. What is this an
example of?
(A)
Environmental disease
(B)
Inherited disease
(C)
Infectious disease
(D)
Nutritional deficiency disease
Many new products called “probiotics” are being sold in supermarkets. These are
foods or supplements that contain micro-organisms, which are mainly bacteria that are
beneficial to health. Which type of patient would be given these “probiotics?”
(A)
Those who had an imbalance of micro flora caused by taking antibiotics
(B)
Those who had a deficiency disease because of inadequate intake of vitamins
(C)
Those needing to boost their immune system to make antibodies against them
(D)
Those needing them to respond to an antigen introduced into the body
The diagram illustrates the malaria parasite.
Which of the following correct identifies the role of organisms involved in this life
cycle?
MIDBIO14_EXAM
Human
Plasmodium
Mosquito
(A)
Vector
Pathogen
Host
(B)
Host
Pathogen
Vector
(C)
Pathogen
Host
Vector
(D)
Host
Vector
Pathogen
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24
25
26
What is meant by “gene expression”?
(A)
The gene is undergoing replication
(B)
A gene has been mutated into a different form
(C)
A particular section of code has been removed from the sequence
(D)
The particular code is ‘switched on’ to produce a polypeptide
The table shows different diseases and their respective causative pathogens. Which
disease could be treated with antibiotics?
Pathogen
Disease caused by Pathogen
(A)
Prion
CJD Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
(B)
Plamodiun vivax
Malaria
(C)
Bacterium Vibrio cholerae
Cholera
(D)
Hepatitis A virus
Hepatitis A
Many HSC students contract glandular fever in their last years of schooling. Students
experience:

Sore throat

Fever

Swollen lymph glands and spleen

Tiredness
What are these descriptions?
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(A)
Host response
(B)
Cause
(C)
Symptoms
(D)
Treatment
Which of the following is a bacteria?
Answer
Microscopic
Has a cell
wall
Contains
membrane
bound
organelles
Contains
DNA
nucleotides
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
MIDBIO14_EXAM
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2014 HSC MID-YEAR EXAMINATION
BIOLOGY
Centre Number
Student Number
Part B – 52 marks
Attempt Questions 28-33 Maintaining a Balance – 26 marks AND/OR
34-39 Blueprint of Life – 26 marks AND/OR
40-45 Search for Better Health – 26 marks
Allow about 1 hour and 30 minutes for this part
Answer the questions in the spaces provided.
Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations.
Question 28 (3 marks)
Marks
3
Draw a diagram below to show how the regulation of aldosterone levels in the blood is
an example of a negative feedback mechanism.
MIDBIO14_EXAM
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Question 29 (3 marks)
Marks
(a) Identify and indicate clearly which of the following graphs demonstrates :
1
1
Reaction rate
A: Substrate concentration on enzyme functioning
AND
B: Effect of temperature on enzyme functioning
(b) For ONE of the above graphs explain the shape of the line. (Make sure your answer
clearly indicates which graph you are referring to.)
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2
Question 30 (6 marks)
Marks
(a) During the unit of work on “Maintaining a Balance” you examined either by dissection or a
model the structure of the mammalian kidney. Draw a diagram of a longitudinal section of the
kidney labelling three parts of the structure.
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(b) Name the microscopic functional unit of the kidney involved in filtering the blood and
reabsorbing nutrients.
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(c) This functional unit consists of a glomerulus and then the long tubule. On the diagram
you have drawn above, indicate using a symbol similar to one below, where in the kidney the
functional unit lies.
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1
Question 31 (4 marks)
Marks
Using an example identify the two stages of homeostasis and explain why this is
important.
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Question 32 (3 marks)
Identify an example of active transport in the mammalian kidney and explain why passive
transport is not a reasonable alternative.
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3
Question 33 (7 marks)
Marks
Assess how an increased scientific understanding of the structure and function of blood has
impacted the development of technologies and the implications these have had on society.
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Question 34 (3 marks)
Marks
Coat colour in cattle is a co-dominant inherited characteristic. When the red coat
colour allele (R) and white coat colour allele (W) both occur in the one animal (RW) a
roan colour is produced. The roan coloured hide is very valuable. Determine the
genotypes and phenotypes of each parent that will allow the farmer to guarantee all the
offspring will be roan. Use a punnet square to help support your answer.
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Question 35 (4 marks)
During the Biology course you were required to process and analyse information from
secondary sources to explain a modern day example of ‘natural’ selection.
(a) State the example you studied and describe how Darwin would explain this as an
example of natural selection.
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(b) Comment on how you assured the reliability of the information you gathered.
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MIDBIO14_EXAM
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Question 36 (5 marks)
Marks
On a farm in Wyoming, USA, goats are being milked for their spider webs. Professor
Lewis and his team have successfully implanted the silk-making genes from a golden
orb spider into a herd of goats and are now, finally, producing one of nature's strongest
products in useable quantities.
Observe this image of spidergoat.
Assess this image in terms of how it represents the development and use of transgenic
species.
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MIDBIO14_EXAM
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5
Question 37 (3 marks)
Marks
Analyse, using an example, how advances in technology have changed scientific
thinking about evolutionary relationships.
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Question 38 (6 marks)
Marks
(a) Construct a pedigree to depict the following family.
One couple has a son and a daughter with normal skin pigmentation. Another couple
has one son and two daughters with normal skin pigmentation. The daughter from the
first couple has three children with the son of the second couple. Their son and one
daughter have albinism (lack of skin pigmentation): their other daughter has normal
skin pigmentation.
4
(b) Is albinism a recessive or dominant condition? Justify your answer.
2
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MIDBIO14_EXAM
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Question 39 (5 marks)
Marks
Draw a flow chart to represent one methodology of cloning and state or indicate
clearly the two individuals that have the same genotype.
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Question 40 (3 marks)
Marks
Australian Scientist Sir Frank MacFarlane Burnet studied the body’s immune response.
The diagram below illustrates part of this functioning.
3
X
Y
Z
Complete the following table identifying the parts labelled and their function.
Part
X
Name
Description of function
Y
Z
MIDBIO14_EXAM
Page 23
Question 41 (5 marks)
Marks
The following information outlines the risk of having a child with Down Syndrome in
relation to the age of the mother.
Mothers Age (years)
28
30
33
35
38
40
45
49
Risk of child with
Down Syndrome
(1 in 100 live births)
0.10
0.11
0.17
0.29
0.50
1.00
3.00
10.00
4
(a) On the grid below, draw an appropriate graph of the data from this table.
(b) State the relationship between a mother’s age and the chance of having a child with
Down Syndrome.
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MIDBIO14_EXAM
Page 24
1
Question 42 (6 marks)
Marks
Robert Koch established a way to test the link between a pathogen and the disease it
causes. These are known as Koch’s postulates.
4
(a) With reference to the diagram outline the 4 main steps in Koch’s postulates.
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(b) Discuss an ethical issue that may arise if we applied Koch’s postulates directly to
humans.
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MIDBIO14_EXAM
Page 25
Question 43 (4 marks)
Marks
(a) Annotate the diagram below to identify four defence barriers that prevent the entry
of pathogens.
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(b) Outline the way in which vaccinations prevent infection.
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MIDBIO14_EXAM
Page 26
Question 44 (3 marks)
Marks
In 2011 a total of 57,596 import consignments (goods which are shipped or brought
into the country) were rejected or delayed because they did not meet Australian import
requirements.
Discuss the role of quarantine in preventing the spread of plant and animal diseases
into Australia.
3
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MIDBIO14_EXAM
Page 27
Question 45 (5 marks)
Marks
You have been asked to carry out a first hand investigation to test for microbes in
water samples from around the school including: drinking bubblers, bird bath, rain
water collecting at a low part of the playground and the wash basin.
(a) Identify one risk and the precaution needed to be taken during this investigation.
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(b) Outline a reliable and valid method you could use.
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MIDBIO14_EXAM
Page 28
Centre Number
Student Number
BIOLOGY – MULTIPLE-CHOICE ANSWER SHEET
ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS
Question
MIDBIO14_EXAM
1
A
B
C
D
2
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B
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D
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D
4
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MIDBIO14_EXAM
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