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Chapter 2: Human body in Health and Disease Part 2
Structure of the Body
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The body is made up of:
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__________________
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Tissues
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_______________________
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Body Systems
Working together these structures form the complete body.
Cells
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Cells are the _____________________________________ of the body.
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Cytology is ___________________________________________
Genes
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Genes are the functional units of ______________________________.
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Genes control physical traits (hair, _______________ and eye color) and also hereditary
________________________
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Genetics –study of how genes are transferred from _______________________________________
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Geneticist—a specialist of _________________________________________
Genetic Disorders
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A hereditary disorder that is caused by an ____________________________________________ gene.
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Examples:
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Down Syndrome—(___________________________) physical abnormalities and facial appearance
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Hemophilia—_____________________________; blood clotting factor is missing. . .causes severe
spontaneous bleeding
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Phenylketonuria—(PKU) ________________________ phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing, causes
brain damage
Tissues
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Tissues are a _________________________________ that join together to perform a certain function.
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4 types of tissues
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Epithelial tissues are found in the _____________________ and lining of organs
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Connective tissues—_______________________________________________________
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Adipose tissue—______________, provides cushion and support
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Muscle tissues—contain cells that _______________________________________________
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Nerve tissues—contain cells that react to stimuli and conduct __________________________________
Glands
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Glands are specialized cells that can produce secretions.
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Exocrine glands—such as ___________________, secrete substance into ducts that lead into an organ
or out of the body
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Endocrine glands—______________________; do not have ducts; secreted directly into the
bloodstream
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Aden/o means gland
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-oma means tumor
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Carncin/o means cancerous
Pathology
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Pathology is the study ____________________________________
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Pathologist—specialist that studies diseases
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Etiology—study of the _______________________________________
Disease Transmission (spread of disease)
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Pathogen—disease producing microorganism such as a _________________________________________
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Communicable disease—a ______________________________ caused by a pathogen transmitted from one
person to another
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Indirect contact transmission—infection caused by contact with a ________________________________
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Bloodborne transmission—spread through contact with __________________________________ Ex. HIV
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Airborne transmission—spread through ______________________________________________ Ex. Cold or Flu
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Fecal-Oral transmission—caused by eating or drinking food or water ___________________________________
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Vector-borne Transmission --disease is transmitted to humans by ____________________________________,
rats, dogs
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West Nile has a vector-borne transmission through mosquitoes
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Outbreaks of Diseases
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Epidemiologist—specialist that studies the outbreaks of disease in a population
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Endemic—presence of a disease within a area, group, or population
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Ex. Common cold present within general population
Epidemic—sudden and widespread outbreak
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Sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
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Ex. Sudden widespread outbreak of measles is an epidemic
Pandemic—outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
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Ex. AIDS
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Endemic vs. Epidemic vs. Pandemic
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Sporadic—scattered occurrences
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Endemic—Ongoing presence of disease in a specific area
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Epidemic—sudden widespread outbreak of disease
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Pandemic—outbreak of a disease worldwide
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Aging
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Geriatrics (Gerontology)—study of medical problems of the elderly
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Geriatrician (Gerontologist)—specializes in the care of the elderly
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Write It!: Write the correct med term on the line.
1. _______________ is a genetic disorder associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities,
and physical abnormalities.
2. Mr. Wong died of cholera during a sudden and widespread outbreak of this disease in his village. This outbreak
is called ____________.
3. Nurse Susie was infected with HIV when she stuck herself with a patient’s contaminated needle through a
________________ transmission.
4. Ralph was very sick after drinking contaminated water during a camping trip. His doctor says that he contracted
the illness through ____________________ transmission.
5. Ashley is fascinated by genetics. She wants to specialize in this field and is studying to become a
__________________.
6. A specialist in the study of the outbreaks of disease is an ______________________.
7. _____________ is a bleeding disorder in which one of the factors needed to clot the blood is missing.
8. The _________________ system is composed of the heart and blood vessels.
9. The genetic disorder ____________________ is characterized by a missing digestive enzyme.
10. The inflammation of a gland is known as ________________.
11. The surgical removal of a gland is called ________________.
Chapter 2: Human body in Health and Disease Part 3
Outbreaks of Diseases
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Epidemiologist—specialist that studies ___________________________________________ in a population
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Endemic—ongoing presence of a disease __________________________________, group, or population
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Epidemic—sudden and _________________________________________________ within a specific population
group or area
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Ex. _________________________________ present within general population
Ex. Sudden, widespread outbreak of ___________________________ is an epidemic
Pandemic—outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area,
possibly_____________________________
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Ex. Worldwide spread of _____________________________
Aging
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Geriatrics (Gerontology)—study of medical problems ___________________________________
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Geriatrician (Gerontologist)—________________________________ in the care of the elderly
Write It!: Write the correct med term on the line.
1. _______________ is a genetic disorder associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities,
and physical abnormalities.
2. Mr. Wong died of cholera during a sudden and widespread outbreak of this disease in his village. This outbreak
is called ____________.
3. Nurse Susie was infected with HIV when she stuck herself with a patient’s contaminated needle through a
________________ transmission.
4. Ralph was very sick after drinking contaminated water during a camping trip. His doctor says that he contracted
the illness through ____________________ transmission.
5. Ashley is fascinated by genetics. She wants to specialize in this field and is studying to become a
__________________.
6. A specialist in the study of the outbreaks of disease is an ______________________.
7. _____________ is a bleeding disorder in which one of the factors needed to clot the blood is missing.
8. The _________________ system is composed of the heart and blood vessels.
9. The genetic disorder ____________________ is characterized by a missing digestive enzyme.
10. The inflammation of a gland is known as ________________.
11. The surgical removal of a gland is called ________________.
Types of Diseases
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Iatrogenic illness—an illness caused by ___________________________________________
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Idiopathic disorder—an illness __________________________________________________
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Ex. Idiopathic epilepsy—seizures without a cause
Nosocomial Infection—a disease _________________________________________________
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Ex. Iatrogenic rash caused by taking high blood pressure medicine
Nosocomial MRSA infection
Infectious Disease– an illness caused by a __________________________________________
Review Major Body Systems on pg. 29 Table 2.1 (6th edition)
Test Wednesday, October 2, 2013