Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Name: ________________________________________ Block: ______ Date: ______________ Honors A&P Chapter 6 & 7 – Skeletal and Muscular Systems Critical Thinking Questions 1) Why do you think wheelchair-bound people with paralyzed lower limbs have thin, weak bones of the leg and thigh? 2) Mr. Posibo has had colon surgery. Now he is experiencing weakness of the muscles on his right side only, the side in which the incision was made through the abdominal musculature. Consequently, the abdominal muscles on his left side contract more strongly, throwing his torso into a lateral flexion. Mr. Posibo needs physical therapy. What abnormal spinal curvature will result if he doesn't get it, and why? 3) Mary’s grandmother slipped on a scatter rug and fell heavily to the floor. Her left lower limb was laterally rotated and noticeably shorter than the right when she attempted to get up, and she winced with pain. Mary surmised that her grandmother might have fractured her hip, which later proved to be true. What bone was probably fractured and at what site? Why is a fracture hip a common type of fracture in the elderly? 4) Diego was seriously out of shape the day he joined his friends for a game of touch football. While he was running like crazy for the ball, his left calf began to hurt. He went to the clinic the next day and was told he had a strain. Diego insisted that this must be wrong because his joints did not hurt. Clearly, Diego was confusing a strain with a sprain. Explain the difference. 5) When a murder victim was found, the coroner was unable to remove the jewelry he had clutched in his hand. Explain the reason for this. If the victim had been discovered three days later, would the coroner have had the same difficulty? Explain. 6) Kristin, a dedicated sprinter, knows the best way to treat and muscle or joint injury is through RICE. Explain what this is and how each step aids in the healing process. 7) A student doing a presentation on the skull points to the foramen magnum of the skull and says, “Food passes through this hole when you swallow.” Some students in the class nodded their heads in agreement, others stared at her in disbelief. Who do you side with? Support your answer with anatomical evidence. 8) Eric decided to get in shape one day and went for a jog for the first time in 3 years. When Eric returned from jogging, he was breathing heavily, sweating profusely, and complained that his legs ached and felt weak. He had difficulty catching his breath. Based on what you know about energy metabolism, explain why Eric is breathing so heavily and what could be causing his muscle soreness. 9) What is the reason that the muscle group on the posterior side of the lower leg is so much larger than the muscle group on the anterior side of the lower leg? 10) Why do elderly persons often develop bowed backs and appear shorter than they were in earlier years? How can this be prevented and sometimes reversed in elderly men and postmenopausal women? 11) Sherry is a pregnant teenager. her diet before she was pregnant consisted mostly of junk food and that hasn't changed since she became pregnant. Approximately 8-10 seeks into her pregnancy, she falls and breaks her arm. She doesn't understand why the bone broke, because it wasn't a hard fall. Test results determine that a significant amount of bone demineralization is occurring. Explain what is happening to Sherry. 12) Curare is a toxin used by native Amazonians to help them catch prey. Curare will block acetylcholine receptors within skeletal muscle. What is the function of acetylcholine within skeletal muscle? Why could curare be used to treat chronic and problematic skeletal muscle twitching in humans? What would be the best way to administer curare to the patient with problematic muscle twitching: intramuscularly, IV, or orally? Why? 13) A 75-year old woman and her nine year old granddaughter were in a train crash in which both sustained trauma to the chest while seated next to each other X-rays showed that the grandmother had severely fractured ribs, while her granddaughter had none. Explain these surprisingly different findings. 14) X-rays are usually used to determine if someone has reached their full adult height. What is the radiologist looking for? 15) What are two “benefits” of fontanelles in the newborn skull? 16) The bony thorax doesn’t provide nearly as much protection for the heart as the cranium does for the brain. However, its more open structure is advantageous. Explain why. 17) Hip and shoulder joints are very similar. However, the acetabulum of the ilium is much deeper than the glenoid of the scapula. How is the structure of these joints directly related to their function? 18) Provide an example of how each type of muscle tissue produces movement.