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Structures & Function of Living Organisms BODY SYSTEMS 5.L.1.2 Compare the major systems of the human body (digestive, respiratory, circulatory, muscular, skeletal, and cardiovascular) in terms of their functions necessary for life Essential Questions How do the major systems of the human body depend on each other to perform life functions? What are the functions of each of the major systems in the human body? We previously learned about cells. Cells are the building blocks of all living things. We also learned that we are multicellular organisms. Now, we will be learning about these specialized cells organized into groups. one brain cell many brain cells brain tissue = group with a purpose organ system = group of organs How many bones do you think are in your body? GROUP ACTIVITY Divide into 4 groups. Groups 1 & 2: Count the bones found in the arm and hand. Record your data. Count the bones found in the skull. Record your data. Compare data with other group. Discuss discrepancies. Groups 3 & 4: Count the bones found in the leg and foot. Record your data. Count the bones found in the torso. Record your data. Compare data with other group. Discuss discrepancies. CLASS DATA TABLE Skeletal Sections Arm Group Totals Leg Torso Skull Grand Total Average How would you describe our bones? Why do we need our bones? Bones Bones are alive and are made of a mix of hard materials and living cells. The hard part of the bone is made mostly of calcium and phosphorous. These minerals give bones their strength. Inside bones is a soft tissue known as marrow. Cartilage is a flexible tissue that covers the ends of some bones. It helps to protect bones from grinding against one another. The inside of a bone does not add strength to the bone, but it does make new blood cells and produces germ-fighting white blood cells. Bone Structure The bones in the skeleton are not all solid. The outside cortical bone is solid bone with only a few small canals. The insides of the bone contain trabecular bone which is like scaffolding or a honey-comb. The spaces between the bone are filled with fluid bone marrow cells, which make the blood, and some fat cells. You can see the difference yourself at the grocery store meat department. Here is a photograph of a T-bone steak. Why are bones hollow? If all the bones were solid, think how heavy they would be. It would be hard to run! Functions of the Skeletal System • • • • • • Provides shape and form Support the body Protects vital internal organs Allows bodily movement Produces blood cells Stores minerals (calcium) Explore - Skeletal System Skeletal System Skeletal System Chant Cranium, Mandible Clavicle, Sternum (pat shoulderblade for one beat of rest) Scapula Humerus “ha ha” Radius, Ulna Carpals, Metacarpals, & wave your Phalanges! We have ribs, we eat them too! Elvis shakes his Pelvis, oh yeah, wahoo! Femur is the longest. Patella is the knee. Tibia and Fibula hold us easily. Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges in your shoe. Vertebrae to Coccyx, whew, we’re finally through! Written by Susan Nazario Identify Parts of the Skeleton Identify Parts of the Skeleton Human Brain The brain is the master control center of the body. Brains are 85% water. The brain has two hemispheres. The left hemisphere controls our logical, step-by-step thinking. The right hemisphere generally controls our creativity. Whole Brain Thinking Complete the following in your notebook. You will need the left side of your brain to answer 1-3 and the right side of your brain to answer 4-7. Human Brain Human Brain frontal lobe – problem-solving, emotion, language parietal lobe – smell, taste, stores info occipital lobe – visual information temporal lobe – language, memory, hearing prefrontal cortex – concentration cerebellum – balance and coordination brainstem – transmits messages to organs from brain Explore - Nervous System Study Jams – The Nervous System Nervous System Sequence the events. Nervous System Sequence the events. 1. 2. 5. 3. 6. 4. 7. Explore - Muscular System Three Types of Muscle Muscle Movement Muscles work by contracting and relaxing. They must work in pairs. extensor relaxed Label the muscles. Muscular System Explore - Digestive System Digestive System Explore - Circulatory System Circulatory System Circulatory = heart + vessels + blood Cardiovascular = circulatory – blood Circulatory System – transports needed materials (oxygen) and eliminates waste (carbon dioxide CO2) Veins – carry blood with little or no oxygen towards heart on right (blue) Arteries – carry blood away from heart with oxygen on left (red) - aorta is largest Study Jams – Circulatory System Identify the Parts of the Heart Identify the Parts of the Heart Circulatory System *NOTE We do not actually have blue blood. The blood that runs through our veins lacks oxygen, so it is dark red in color. This blood runs under a layer of subcutaneous fat which allows blue light to penetrate skin all the way to veins, so this is the color that is reflected back. Respiratory System Explore - Respiratory System Identify the Parts of the Lungs Identify the Parts of the Lungs Remember… A system is a group of organs that work together and provide an organism with an advantage for survival. It is the most complex organization in your body and the final level of the progression from cells to tissues to organs and then systems. Systems work alone and with other systems to allow your body to maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis is a stable internal environment that allows you (and your cells) to survive. Body Systems Review 1. Which system is responsible for providing us with a framework of support? a. skeletal b. nervous c. muscular d. digestive e. cardiovascular f. respiratory Body Systems Review 2. Which system is responsible for exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen? a. skeletal b. nervous c. muscular d. digestive e. cardiovascular f. respiratory Body Systems Review 3. Which system works best with our skeletal system to move our bodies? a. skeletal b. nervous c. muscular d. digestive e. cardiovascular f. respiratory Body Systems Review 4. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to release nutrients needed for energy production? a. skeletal b. nervous c. muscular d. digestive e. cardiovascular f. respiratory Body Systems Review 5. Which kind of muscles are found in our digestive system? a. cardiac b. skeletal c. striated d. smooth e. voluntary How Body Systems Interact Nervous System • Controls movement in muscular system • Regulates heart rate and blood pressure • Regulates speed at which food moves through digestive system • Controls drinking and feeding behavior • Controls muscles for eating and elimination of waste • Regulates respiratory/ breathing rate How Body Systems Interact Skeletal System • Produces blood cells for circulatory system • Protects internal organs • Protects brain and spinal cord of the nervous system • Works with muscular system to move • Stores minerals and releases for the body when needed How Body Systems Interact Muscular System • Contracts the heart • Moves food along digestive tract • Works with skeletal system to move by contracting and pulling on bones How Body Systems Interact Digestive System • Transfers nutrients to the blood stream • Provides energy for muscles • Absorbs water • Eliminates waste How Body Systems Interact Cardiovascular System • Takes nutrients from the digestive system and delivers them to cells and organs • Transports waste material • Takes oxygen from the lungs and delivers it to other organs • Delivers oxygen for muscle energy • Takes carbon dioxide to the lungs to be removed as waste How Body Systems Interact Respiratory System • Takes in oxygen and gives it to the heart to be delivered • Removes carbon dioxide from the heart and eliminates it as waste Body Systems Questions 1. What role does the circulatory system provide to the digestive system? a. b. c. d. It transports nutrients to the cells. It releases waste into the blood. It moves food through the intestines. It transports food particles to the muscles Body Systems Questions 2. Which body system is responsible for supplying the body with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide? a. b. c. d. nervous digestive muscular respiratory Body Systems Questions 3. Which best describes the system that provides transportation for cell necessities using the bloodstream? a. b. c. d. muscular system circulatory system respiratory system cardiovascular system Body Systems Questions 4. Which describes a task performed by the circulatory system? a. b. c. d. sending messages to the brain controlling muscle movement transporting waste materials producing energy from foods Body Systems Questions 5. How does the muscular system depend on the nervous system? a. b. c. d. The nervous system transports blood to the muscles. The nervous system provides support for the muscles. The nervous system supplies food and oxygen to the muscles. The nervous system sends signals to the muscles to cause movement. Body Systems Questions 6.Which major body system breaks down food to release nutrients needed for energy production? a. b. c. d. digestive muscular respiratory cardiovascular Body Systems Questions 7. Which is a cardiovascular muscle? a. b. c. d. lung heart stomach diaphragm Body Systems Questions 8. Which best describes the relationship between the cardiovascular system and the muscular system? a. b. c. d. The cardiovascular system captures carbon dioxide from the air for muscle energy. The cardiovascular system produces red blood cell to bring oxygen to muscles. The cardiovascular system provides a framework for muscle movement. The cardiovascular system delivers oxygen for muscle energy. Body Systems Questions 9. Which best describes how the muscular system impacts movement of the human body? a. b. c. d. When a muscle expands, it pulls on the bone it is connected to and the bone moves. When a muscle contracts, it pulls on the bone it is connected to and the bone moves. When a muscle contracts, it pushes on the bone it is connected to and the bone moves. When a muscle expands, it pushes on the bone it is connected to and the bone moves. Body Systems Questions 10. Which best describes the relationship between the nervous system and the muscular system? a. b. c. d. The brain is protected by muscle. Muscles cause the heart to contract. The brain controls muscle movement. Muscles move food through the stomach. Body Systems Questions 11. Which two body systems work together to provide the body with new red blood cells that carry oxygen? a. b. c. d. skeletal and digestive muscular and digestive skeletal and respiratory circulatory and respiratory Body Systems Questions 12. How is the muscular system different from the digestive system? a. b. c. d. The muscular system moves the bones, while the digestive system provides the body with nutrients. The muscular system provides the body with nutrients, while the digestive system moves the bones. The muscular system provides oxygen to cells, while the digestive system protects the major organs. The muscular system protects the major organs, while the digestive system provides oxygen to cells. Blood Pumping Experience a Must! A heart is needed to be a part of our new team. Must be willing to work 24 hours a day. Must work well with lungs. Duties include negotiating the trade of carbon dioxide for oxygen with the lungs. Do not apply if you are not willing to work hard. Interested? Contact The Circulatory System