Download Cell Transport Review Worksheet

Name: ____________________________________________ Date: ___________________ Class: ________
The Cell Study Guide 2016 Answers
Levels of Organization
List the levels of organization from smallest to largest.
Subatomic particle – atom – molecule – organelle – cell – tissue – organ – organ system - organism
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Write the characteristics listed below in the proper category.
Prokaryote Characteristics
no nucleus
bacteria
DNA in cytoplasm
Characteristics of Both
Single celled
Cell membrane
Cell wall
ribosomes
Eukaryote Characteristics
Nucleus
multicellular
Include animals
Include protists
Include plants
DNA in nucleus
Membrane-bound organelles
(mitochondria & chloroplasts)
Plant vs Animal Cells and Organelles

What two organelles do animal cells have that plant cells do not and what are their functions?
Lysosomes – digest old cell organelles and macromolecules
Centrioles – aide in movement of chromosomes during mitosis

What three organelles do plant cells have that animal cells do not and what are their functions?
Chloroplast – obtain food from the sun (photosynthesis)
Cell Wall – gives plants its shape and rigid structure
Large Central Vacuole – holds water and nutrients
For each of the following organelles, describe their function:
Organelle
Function
Nucleus
Hold genetic material and controls what goes on in the cell
Mitochondria
Provides the cell with energy
Endoplasmic Reticulum Make lipids (smooth ER) and proteins (rough ER)
Ribosomes
Make proteins
Chloroplast
Obtain food from the sun (photosynthesis)
Cell Membrane
Controls what enters and exits the cell
Golgi Apparatus
Obtains proteins from the ER and transports them around the cell
The Cell Membrane
Label the phospholipid using the following terms: Phosphate Head, Fatty Acid Tail,
Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic
Phosphate Head,
which is hydrophilic
(water loving)
Fatty Acid Tails,
which are
hydrophobic (water
fearing)
How are they arranged in the cell membrane?
Inside Cell
Cell Membrane
Outside Cell
Mitosis
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Why do cells undergo mitosis? So the organism can grow and to repair wounds
What is uncontrolled cell division? cancer
List the phases of mitosis in order and sketch a quick picture of each.
Osmosis
a. Water will flow _____________________
(into the cell, out of the cell, in both directions).
1.
5% NaCl
95% H2O
95% NaCl
5% H2O
b. The cell will ______________________
(shrink, burst, stay the same).
c. What type of solution is this cell in? ___________
(hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic)
2.
5% NaCl
95% H2O
5% NaCl
95% H2O
a. Water will flow _____________________
(into the cell, out of the cell, in both directions)
b. The cell will ______________________
(shrink, burst, stay the same)
c. What type of solution is this cell in? ______________
(hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic)
a. Water will flow _____________________
(into the cell, out of the cell, in both directions)
3.
95% NaCl
5% H2O
5% NaCl
95% H2O
b. The cell will ______________________
(shrink, burst, stay the same)
c. What type of solution is this cell in? _____________
(hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic)
4. The Paramecium is a single-celled organism which lives in freshwater environments. This
organism contains a specialized organelle called a contractile vacuole that helps maintain osmotic
balance. Predict how this organelle might help the organism survive given that it is constantly
immersed in a hypotonic solution.
The pond that the Paramecium lives in contains more water than the organism, so by osmosis, water
moves into the organism. In order to prevent too much water from entering and causing the
Paramecium to explode, contractile vacuoles pump the water out of the organism.
Cell Motility
List the three types of motility and draw an example.
Cilia
Flagella
Pseudopodia
Cellular Transport
 Describe the processes occurring in the following pictures:
Endocytosis – taking in food
Exocytosis – getting rid of waste
Match the term with its correct description:
a. energy
b. facilitated diffusion
c. endocytosis
d. integral (channel) protein
active transport –
using energy to move
from low to high
concentration
e. active transport
f. exocytosis
g. passive transport
D Transport protein that provides a tube-like opening in the plasma membrane through which
particles can diffuse
A Used during active transport but not passive transport
C Process by which a cell takes in material by forming a vacuole around it
G Particle movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
F Process by which a cell expels wastes from a vacuole
B Form of passive transport that uses channel proteins
E Particle movement from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
Match the term with its correct description:
a. transport protein
d. passive transport
b. active transport
e. osmosis
c. diffusion
f. endocytosis
g. exocytosis
h. equilibrium
E
D
A
B
H
The diffusion of water through a cell membrane
The movement of substances through the cell membrane without the use of cellular energy
Used to help substances enter or exit the cell membrane
When energy is required to move materials through a cell membrane
When the molecules of one substance are spread evenly throughout another substance to
become balanced
G A vacuole membrane fuses (becomes a part of) the cell membrane and the contents are released
F The cell membrane forms around another substance, for example, how the amoeba gets its food
C When molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

What role does the cell membrane play in maintaining homeostasis?
The cell membrane controls what enters and exits the cell, helping to maintain homeostasis (a stable
internal environment)
 How is facilitated diffusion different from diffusion? How are they similar?
Facilitated diffusion requires a channel protein to move large molecules across the cell membrane,
while diffusion doesn’t require any proteins because the molecules moving are small and fit between
the phospholipids. Both move molecules down their concentration gradient, requiring no energy.

List two ways that active transport is different than passive transport.
o Passive – no energy; Active – needs energy
o Passive – movement is high to low concentration; Active – movement is low to high
concentration

What is a concentration gradient? Difference in the concentration of a substance from one
location to another.
Memory Lane See chapter 2 for help with these. 
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pH Scale
proteins / amino acids / functional groups
organic molecules
enzymes
hypothesis