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Download Final Exam Review Packet - White Plains Public Schools
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Name___________________________________________________Class_______Date_________ 8th Grade Social Studies Final Exam Review Packet Directions: Answer each of the following questions to prepare for the final exam, which is on June 11th. If you do not know the answer and are unsure where to find to find the answer, use the index in your textbook to locate the correct page number. Chapter 17, The West Transformed 1. Identify and explain reasons for Westward Expansion in the mid to late 1800s. (see page 578) ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Define: (glossary) Frontier: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Manifest Destiny: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Identify 3 problems farmers faced on the Great Plains? (see pages 596-598 in the textbook.) ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. Define the Transcontinental Railroad. Who constructed the railroad? Identify 2 major railroad companies that joined to form the Transcontinental Railroad. (p. 581) Definition: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Builders: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Companies: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Why was the railroad so important to Western Expansion? Identify the benefits and effects of the railroad. (p. 581) __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What role did the Buffalo have in Native American Indian lives? Give at least three examples. (p. 584-585) ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. Why were Plains Indians put onto reservations in the late 1800s? List two examples of what life was like on the reservation (p. 585-586) __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 8 Define: California Gold Rush: (p. 578) ________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Homestead Act: (p. 595) ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 18, Industry and Urban Growth/Immigration 1. Who invented the assembly line? How did the assembly line decrease the price of the automobile? (p. 612-613) __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Define each of the following vocabulary words: Free Enterprise System- p.616 _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Corporation- p.614 _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Trust – p. 615 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Monopoly – p. 615 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Assembly Line – p. 612-613 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Mass Production – p. 612-613 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What problems were caused by large monopolies/trusts? p. 616 a. _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why were some tycoons (kings of industry) considered “philanthropists”? ____________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Why did the American Government pass the Sherman Anti-Trust Act? _____________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Define Sweatshop: p. 617 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What occurred at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory? p. 617 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Why did factory owners use child labor? What were conditions like? P. 617 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 9. How did workers try to improve their work environment? Why did workers want to improve specifically? p. 618-619 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Why did so many immigrants come to the United States? (pull factors) p. 625-626 a._________________________________________________________________________________ b.________________________________________________________________________________ c._________________________________________________________________________________ 11. Why did so many immigrants leave their homelands? (push factors) p. 625 a. ________________________________________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________________________________________ c. ________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Define each of the following vocabulary words: Tenement – p. 622 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Assimilation – p. 627 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Nativism – p. 629 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Steerage- p. 626 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 13. What immigrant group(s) was discriminated against in the late 1800’s and not allowed to immigrate to the United States p. 629 _____________________________________ 14. Why did Jane Adams start the Hull House? p. 622 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 15. What were the names of the two receiving stations where immigrants were processed? p. 626 a. ________________________________________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 19, Political Reform and the Progressive Era 1. What was the Spoils System? p. 644-645 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What exam was created to end the Spoils System? (p. 645)__________________________ 3. What were the goals of the Progressives? p. 646 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What were the goals of the Muckrakers? p. 648 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Name three muckrakers from the Progressive Era and the issue they exposed p. 648: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. What did President Theodore Roosevelt mean when he said that all Americans should have a “Square Deal”? p.650 _________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What were some of T.R.’s goals as it pertains to workers, trusts, and the environment? p650-651 _________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 9. What was the Temperance Movement? p. 658-659 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 10 . Describe the philosophy(beliefs) of each of the following African Americans: a. Booker T. Washington p. 660 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. W.E.B. Du Bois p. 661 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ c. Define Jim Crow Laws__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 20, The United States Looks Overseas 1. Please answer each of the following questions regarding the examples of American imperialism/expansionism listed below. a. Alaska – p. 680-681 How did we acquire it? ________________________________________________________________________________ Why did we want it? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ When did it become a state? ________________________________________________________ b. Hawaii- p. 683 How did we acquire it? _________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Why did we want it? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ When did it become a state? ________________________________________________________ c. Samoa Islands- p. 683 How did we acquire it? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Why did we want it? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ d. Japan- p. 680 Did we acquire it? Explain. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ How did the U.S. want to be involved with Japan? (In what way?) __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Define the following: a. Isolationism- p. 681 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. Imperialism- 681 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. China- p. 684-685 a. What was the Open Door Policy in China __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. What occurred during the Boxer Rebellion? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ c. What was the end result in China? __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Spanish American War a. Who was Cuba fighting? p. 688 __________________________________________________________________________________ b. How did Americans react to the conflict in Cuba? p. 688-689 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ c. What sparked the U.S. to declare war on Spain? P. 689 ________________________________________________________________________________ d. Explain the terms under which the U.S. gained each of the following as a result of winning the Spanish American War. Guam- p. 691 ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Cuba- p. 692 ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Puerto Rico- p. 692 ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ The Philippines- p. 692 ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Define the Roosevelt Corollary (1904) – p. 696 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Why did American want to build the Panama Canal? p. 694 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What problems did they encounter trying to build the Canal? p. 694 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 21, WWI 1. Explain each of the MAIN causes of World War I: a. Rise of Nationalism – p. 706 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. Imperialism – p. 706 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ c. Militarism – p. 706 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ d. Alliances- p. 706 __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What was the SPARK that caused World War I? p. 707 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why did the United States remain neutral at the beginning of WWI? p.708 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Explain how the United States tried to help the Allies win World War I? p. 709 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What events helped push the United States into World War I? RUST p. 710-711 a.R_______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b.U_______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ c.S_______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ d.T_______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Why was German unrestricted submarine warfare a major reason for the United States declaring war on the German? p. 709-710 a. ________________________________________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________________________________________ c. ________________________________________________________________________________ d. ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. How did Americans help on the home front? P. 714-715 a. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What was the goal of Woodrow Wilson’s fourteen points? p. 723 _________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 9. What was the purpose of the League of Nations? Why was it such an important part of the Treaty of Paris to President Wilson? p. 725 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Why did the United States Senate reject the Treaty of Versailles? p. 726 a._________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b.________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 11. What problems did the treaty cause after World War I ended? a._________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 22, The Roaring 20’s 1. What was meant by a “Return to Normalcy?” p. 736 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What was the Red Scare? p. 739 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. How was the Sacco and Vanzetti case an example of Anti-Foreign feeling in the U.S. during the 1920’s? p. 739 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What was prohibition? P. 741 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What problems were caused by the 18th Amendment during prohibition? a. ________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 6. How were consumers able to buy these new products in demand? Why was this method a problem? p. 752 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What new method was being used to buy stock? Why was this a problem? p. 753 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Define: a. Harlem Renaissance: p. 750 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. Scopes Trial: p. 744 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ c. Fad: 646: p746 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Identify: a. Langston Hughes – p. 750 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. Louis Armstrong- p. 747 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Which two groups struggled during the Roaring 20’s? p. 754 a. ________________________________________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 23, The Great Depression 1. What were the 3 main causes of the Great Depression? p. 770-771 Causes: a. ________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ c. ________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Explain the “domino effect”, also known as the “downward spiral” p. 772 _________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. How were people’s lives impacted during the depression? p. 772-774 a. __________________________________________________________________________________ b. __________________________________________________________________________________ c. __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What programs did Hoover create to try to aid the public? p. 774-775 a. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What was the New Deal? Explain. p. 776 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 6. How did the New Deal change the role of government in the American Economy? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What were the three R’s to the New Deal? Explain the purpose of each one. p. 777-779 a. ________________________________________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________________________________________ c. ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Describe each of the following New Deal Programs and what they did: a. Works Program Administration (WPA) –p. 778 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) – p. 779 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ c. Social Security Act (SSA) – p. 790 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Identify two arguments in favor of the New Deal and two arguments against the New Deal. p. 792-793 a. In Favor: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. Against: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 24, WWII 1. What were the long-term/indirect causes of World War II? (see notes/handout) a. _______________________________________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________________________________________ c. ________________________________________________________________________________ d. ________________________________________________________________________________ e. ________________________________________________________________________________ f. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Identify the main dictators during WWII. Identify actions they took leading to WWII. p. 802-804 a. Dictator: _____________________________________________________ Actions: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. Dictator: _____________________________________________________ Actions: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ c. Dictator: _____________________________________________________ Actions: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ d. Dictator: _____________________________________________________ Actions: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What was the final country to be invaded before World War II began? p. 806 __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Define: a. Cash and Carry- p. 808 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. Lend-Lease Act- p. 808 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Why did the United States enter World War II? (hint: “a day which will live in infamy”) p. 811 ___________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What happened to Japanese Americans as a result of Pearl Harbor? p. 818 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What was the invasion of Normandy’s beaches on June, 6 1944 called pp.821-822? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Define Holocaust: p. 826-827 ____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ a. Who was persecuted during the Nuremberg Trials? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. How were the Nazi’s punished for their war crimes? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Define Island Hopping and explain how the United States used the Island Hopping strategy to help win the Pacific Campaign against the Japanese p.824 _________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Why did President Truman drop the atomic bomb on Japan? p. 825 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 25, The Cold War 1. Why did the other Allied powers not trust Stalin after WWII came to an end? ________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Define: a. Cold War-p.836 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. Containment- p. 837 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ c. Truman Doctrine- p. 837 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ f. Marshall Plan- p. 837 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ e. Iron Curtain- p. 837 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ f. Satellite- p. 837 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What new organization was created to maintain peace around the world after World War II ended? p. 840 __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Summarize each of the following Cold War conflicts and give the dates: a. Berlin Airlift – p. 838 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. Korean War – p. 850 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ c. Cuban Missile Crisis- p. 859 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ d. Vietnam Conflict – p. 906 (better to use notes provided in class) __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What was the nuclear arms race? p. 855 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 6. How did the following individuals work to end the Cold War? p. 945-946 a. Mikhail Gorbachev__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ b. Ronald Reagan__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________
