Download migori – nyatike joint evaluation exams - 2010

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MIGORI – NYATIKE JOINT EVALUATION EXAMS - 2010
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)
AGRICULTURE 443/1 MARKING SCHEME
SECTION (A): (30 MRKS)
1.
2.
3.
Four reasons for cultivating land before planting.
- To improve soil aeration.
- To improve germination.
- Destroy weeds.
- Destroy weeds.
- Incorporate organic matter in the soil.
- Increase water infiltration.
- Facilitates easy planting / softens/ loosed the soil.
(2 mks)
State two ways in which Agriculture contributes to industrial development.
- Provide raw materials for industries.
- Provide market for industrial goods.
- Is a source of capital for starting industries.
(1mk)
State four ways by which wind affects the growth of crops.
- Causes physical damage to crops.
- Cause rapid spread of diseases/ pests/ weeds.
- Can cause water stress as a result of evaporation.
- Causes stress of crops due to chilling caused cold winds.
- Encourage transpiration hence water and mineral uptake.
(2 mks)
(4 x ½ = 2 mks)
(2 x ½ = 2 mks)
(4 x ½ = 2 mks)
4.
(a) What is minimum tillage?
(1 mk)
Is a situation in which least possible cultivation operations are carried out in crop production.
(mark as a whole)
(b) Give four farming practices that help in achieving minimum tillage.
(2 mks)
- Clearing the land / bush clearing.
- Using appropriate chemicals to kill the existing vegetation.
- Weeding using herbicides.
- Planting / drilling seeds directly into the stubble of previous crop.
(4 x ½ = 2mks)
5.
List any two symptoms of late blight in tomatoes.
- Rapid drying of leaves.
- Brownish dry rots of fruits.
- Destruction / drying of the whole plant.
6.
7.
8.
List any four uses of water in the farm.
- For diluting chemicals used to control pests.
- For watering livestock.
- For watering plants e.g. irrigation.
- For washing utensils, calf pen bully sheds.
- For domestic use e.g. drinking, cooking.
- For rearing fish.
- For recreation
- Processing of farm produce.
- In construction of buildings.
(1mk)
(2 x ½ = 1 mk)
(2 mks)
(2 x ½ = 1 mk)
State two types of irrigation used in Kenya.
- Overhead / sprinkler.
- Surface / Flood / furrow/ basin.
- Drip/ trickle.
Give two disadvantages of using farm yard manure.
- It’s bulky hence difficult to apply by one laborer.
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(2 mks)
(2 x ½ = 1 mk)
(1 mk)
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- It may spread weeds.
- It may spread diseases.
- It releases nutrients slowly.
9.
(2 x ½ = 1mk)
State four functions of calcium in plant growth and development.
- Helps in elongation of plants apical tips or roots.
- Strengthens plant cell wall.
- Helps in protein formation/ Amino acids.
- Helps in the formation of middle levels.
- Used in cell division.
(2 mks)
(4 x ½ = 2 mks)
10.
Give four qualities of a mother plant which should be considered when selecting vegetative
material for propagation.
(2 mk)
- High quality.
- High yielding.
- Disease resistance / healthy/ disease tree.
- Fast growth/ fast maturity.
(2 x ½ = 1 mk)
11.
State four factors which influence the stage at which the crops are harvested.
- Purpose of the crop / maturity.
- Moisture content.
- Concentration of certain chemicals.
- Water condition.
- Market demand.
12.
13.
14.
State any four factors to consider when grading tomatoes for fresh market.
- Size i.e. large, medium, small.
- Degree of ripeness of fruit.
- Damage of tomatoes e.g. bruises on skin.
- Shape of the fruit.
List three materials that may be used for constructing a gabion.
- Wires.
- Stones.
- Concrete/ sand/ cement/ water/ ballast.
- Wood/ poles/ metal pegs/ rods.
(2 mks)
(4 x ½ = 2 mks)
(2 mks)
(4 x ½ = 2 mks)
(1 ½ mks)
(3 x ½ = 1 ½ mks)
(½ mk)
State one factor that would determine the width and depth of a cut off drain.
- Expected volume of run – off.
- Bed rock / soil type.
(1 x ½ = ½ mk)
15.
What is the importance of taking farm inventory?
- In order to show what there is or what is lost in the farm.
(1 mk)
(1 x 1 = 1 mk)
16.
State two causes of land fragmentation in Kenya since independence.
- People buying pieces of land elsewhere.
- Compensation when the government takes pat of ones land for public use.
- Inheritance of land.
(1 mk)
Name two forms in which a farmer can obtain an agricultural credit.
- In cash/ liquid capital / money form.
- In kind / material form e.g. fertilizer etc.
(1 mk)
17.
18.
- Enables people with no land to have access to farming land.
- Enables land lord to earn income from the land.
- Enables tenants to increase or decrease size of land depending on the profitability.
2
(2 x ½ = 2 mk)
(2 x ½ = 1 mk)
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19.
- Land that would have been idle is put into productive use.
(2 x ½ = 1 mk)
List any two financial statements which may be prepared on a farm.
- Balance sheet.
- Cash analysis.
- Profit and Loss Account.
(1 mk)
(1 x 1 = 1 mk)
20.
What does the term close season mean in crop production?
(1 mk)
- A period during when a particular crop is not supposed to grown in a given areas so as to control
diseases and pests built up.
(1 x 1 = 1 mk)
21.
State two reasons for choosing the right enterprise combinations in farm management(1 mk)
- To make efficient use of resources.
- To maximize profits.
(2 x ½ = 1 mk)
22.
SECTION B: (20 MKS)
Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
a) Identify the weed.
- Oxalis (sorrel)
-(oxalis latifolia)
(1 mk)
(1 x 1 = 1mk)
b) Why is it difficult to control the weed?
- The weed contain builbs i.e Elaborate & extensive root system that support the plant.
- Because it has rhizomes.
(1x1=1mk)
c) State the economic importance of the weed shown.
- Reduces yields of crops.
- Increases cost of production.
- It’s a livestock feed.
- Fixation of nitrogen.
(2x1=2mks)
23.
(1 mk)
(2 mks)
A form four student was given a sample of a fertilizer with the following characteristics.
(i) Grayish in colour.
(ii) In form of granules.
(iii) Causes no corrosion.
(iv) It’s highly hygroscopic.
(v) It’s a neutral fertilizer.
a) Identify the fertilizer.
- Calcium Ammonium Nitrate CAN.
b) At what stage of growth of maize should it be applied?
- Knee high
- 30 – 45 cm height.
c) Calculate the amount of K2O contained in 400 kg of a compound fertilizer 25 : 10 : 5. (2 mks)
5 kg of K2O is in 100 kg of 25 : 10: 5
∴ 400 kg of compound fertilizer
400 x 5 = 20 kg of K2O
100
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(1 mk)
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24.
The diagram labelled B and C below are illustrations of coffee plants established using two
different formative pruning systems. Examine the diagrams and answer the questions that follow;
a) Identify the system of pruning illustrate in B.
- Single stem pruning system. (1x1=1mk)
(1 mk)
b) Identify the system of pruning in C.
- Multiple stem pruning system. (1x1=1mk)
(1 mk)
c) Outline how pruning in diagram C is carries out.
- Main stem of the seedling is capped/ cut stem at 38 – 60 cm high.
- Two or three suckers are selected and allowed to grow while the rest are removed.
25.
(2 mks)
(2x1=2mks)
The illustration below shows a heap system of making compost manure. Study it and answer the
questions that follow.
A
B
A
C
a) By use of arrows indicate how the decomposing material should be transferred from one heap
THE FIELD
to another till the manure is applied in the field.
(2 mks)
b) How long doe the material take to be ready for application in the field as manure?
- 3 - 6 wks
(1 mk)
(1 x 1 = 1 mk)
c) Give one reason for turning the material in the heap regularly.
- Proper decomposition.
- Facilitate air circulation.
- Microbial activities.
(1 mk)
d) Give two reasons why it is necessary to sprinkle water on the heap.
- To regulate the internal temperatures in the heap.
- Create moist environment for microbial activity.
(2 mk)
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26.
The table below shows egg production from individual birds with varying amounts of layers
mash.
100 layers
Layers mash Kgs /week
Total egg production per
Marginal production per
Fixed number
wk
wk
100
0
140
0
100
10
155
15
100
20
180
25
100
30
240
60
100
40
340
100
100
50
470
130
a) Draw a graph representing the total egg production per week.
(2 mks)
b) Identify the type of production function represented by the graph in (a) above.
- Increasing returns production function. (1x1=1mk)
27.(a) - Harrow the land to a fine filth;
- Harrow during the dry or before the rains;
- Make the seed be weed – free / ensure clean seed bed;
- Firm the seed bed using rollers after sowing;
- Select a desirable variety of seed for the ecological zone,;
- Sow seeds at the onset rains/ early planting;
- Apply phosphatic fertilizers at appropriate rate of 200 – 300 kgs/ ha at planting time;
- Drill or broadcast the seeds evenly;
- Use a recommended seed rate for the variety / seed rate of 1.5 – 2.0 kh/ha pure seeds;
- Bury seeds at 2 ½ times their diameter;
- Control weeds by uprooting/ apply a suitable herbicide;
- Apply nitrogenous fertilizers about 6 weeks after germination in split application.
- Avoid grazing when the pasture is too young.
- Practice light grazing in the field phase of pasture establishment.
(10 x 1 = 10 mk)
(b) - Select seeds of the same size, variety, age and free from pests and diseases.
- Plant seeds at the same time.
- Prepare the whole field to required uniform tilth.
- Plant at the right moisture content of the soil / irrigation uniformly.
- Treat seeds before planting i.e. break dormancy.
- Plant at the correct depth.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
(c)
- Soil moisture content.
- Type of soil.
- Cost of operation.
- Size of seed/ type of planting material/ type of crop.
- Type of machinery available / use of tractors.
- Topography / gradient of the land/ liability of soil erosion.
- Skills of the operator.
- Initial conditions of the land/ the cropping history of the land.
- Time available to carry out the operation before planting.
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(5 x 1 = 5 mk)
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28. (a) - Help to determine the value of the farm/ determine assets and liabilities.
- Provide history of the farm.
- Assist in planning and budgeting in various fields.
- Helps to detect losses or theft in the farm.
- Assists when sharing losses or profits (dividends)for communal owned farms/ partnership.
- Help to settle disputes in the farm among heirs.
- Help to support insurance claim e.g. against fire and theft.
- Provide labour information like terminal benefits, NSSF due, Sacco dues for all employees.
- Help to compare the performance of different enterprises within a farm or other farms.
- Help in the assessment of income tax to avoid over or under taxation.
- Records, helps to show whether the farm business is making profit or losses. This information
helps in obtaining credit.
(10 x 1 = 10 mks)
(b)
- Training worker e.g. in F.T.C’s, during field days, Agricultural shows, through demonstrations
and workshops.
- Measuring farm operations to supplement the labour force.
- Providing incentives to workers such as attractive wages, free protective wear, housing, medical
facilities, proper feeding, rewarding good workers. Et.c
- Supervising and counseling workers.
- Creating good operator - worker relationships.
- Assigning specific tasks to the labor force.
(4 x 1= 4 mks)
(c)
- Establishment of land ownership.
- Measurement of land size.
- Description of the land.
- Recording and mapping of the surveyed land.
- Solving objections if any.
- Submission of the maps and recods to the district land office registration.
(6 x 1 = 6 mk)
29. (a) - Reducing the speed of surface run-off – hence reducing the runoffs water erosive power.
- Trap soil from surface run-off/ filter out soil.
- Reduce the impact of rain drops on the soil thus reducing splash erosion.
- Grass holds soil particles together hence reducing soil erosion.
- Soil structure is improved by organic matter from grass thus rate of water infiltration increases.(5 x 1 = 5
(b) - Use of clean planting materials.
- Timely planting.
- Proper seed bed preparation.
- Use of resistant crop varieties.
- Proper weed control/ destruction of alternate host.
- Observing field hygiene.
- Mulching.
- Use of close season.
- Use of trap crops.
- Proper spacing.
- Timely harvesting.
- Use of crop rotation.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
(c)
Stage I:
Filtration of water intake.
- Water from source river is made to pass through a series of sieves.
- Large particles of impurities are trapped by the sieves.
- Water then enters into the large pipe to be directed to the mixing chamber.
Stage II:
Softening of the water.
- Water circulates in the mixing chamber and doses of soda ash to soften the water.
Stage III:
Coagulation and sedimentation
- Water is passed through coagulation tank where fresh air enters to remove bad smell/ chloride of lime
used.
- Water stays for 36 hours thus solid particles settle and bilharzias causing organisms killed.
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- Alum added to coagulated solid particles which settle at the bottom.
Stage IV:
Filtration
- Water is passed through filtration tank with layers of sand and gravel to filter it.
- Water leaving the filtration tank is clean.
Stage V:
Chlorination
- Water is passed through chlorination tank where chlorine is added.
- Micro-organisms in the water are killed by chlorine.
Stage VI:
Storage - The treated water is stored in large overhead tanks before distribution and use.
(10 x 1 = 10 mks)
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