Download Date: 2015 -10-13 Subject: Science Topics: Soak up the sun Pages

Date: 2015 -10-13
Subject: Science
Topics: Soak up the sun Pages 90 – 91, Cycle and Flow Pages 92 – 97
Aim: To identify proper knowledge
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING CHARTS IN YOUR SCIENCE NOTEBOOK.
DO NOT PASTE THE PAPERS.
Soak up the sun Pages 90 – 91
To live, grow and reproduce, all organisms need matter and energy.
Matter: It is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Energy: It is the ability to do work and enables organisms to use matter in life processes
From the Sun
Organisms called producers use energy from their surroundings to make their
own food. In most ecosystems, the sun is the original source of energy.
Producers take in matter such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water from air
and soil.
From other organisms
Consumers are organisms that get energy by
eating producers or other consumers. They take
both energy and matter when they eat other
organisms.
What happens to energy and matter in ecosystems?
Organisms need energy and matter for many functions such as moving, growing, and reproducing.
Energy and matter are conserved
The law of conservation of energy
It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Energy changes forms
The law of conservation of mass
It states that mass cannot be created or destroyed. Matter moves through the environment in
different forms.
Cycle and Flow Pages 92 – 97
Energy pyramid
It is a tool that can be used to trace the flow of
energy through an ecosystem.
What is a water cycle?
The movement of water between the oceans, atmosphere, land and living things is known as the
water cycle. Three ways water can enter the atmosphere are evaporation, transpiration, and
respiration.
Evaporation: The sun’s heat causes water to change from liquid to vapor.
Transpiration: Plants release water vapor from their leaves.
Respiration: Organisms release water as waste.
Condensation: The water vapor cools and returns to liquid.
Precipitation: The water that falls from the atmosphere to the land and oceans.
What is a nitrogen cycle?
The movement of nitrogen between the environment and living things is called nitrogen cycle.
Most organisms cannot use nitrogen gas directly.
Bacteria in the soil are to change nitrogen gas into forms that plants can use. This is process is
called nitrogen fixation.
When organisms die, decomposers break down their remains. Decomposition releases a form of
nitrogen into the soil that plants can use.
Finally, certain types of bacteria in the soil can convert nitrogen into gas, which is returned in to
the atmosphere.
What is a carbon cycle?
Carbon moves through organisms and between organism and the physical environment in the
carbon cycle.
It is found in sugars, which store the chemical energy that organisms need to live.
Photosynthesis
During photosynthesis, producers in the water and on land
take in light energy from the sun and use carbon dioxide and
water to take gas.
Oxygen gas is also a product of photosynthesis.
Respiration
It occurs in producers and consumers on land and in water. Sugars
are broken down to release energy.
Combustion
It is the burning of materials, including wood and
fossil fuels. It may also produce pollution
Decomposition
It is the breakdown of dead organisms and wastes. They get energy from this material by
respiration.