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HL Exam: Cellular Respiration/Photosynthesis/Enzymes
B
1. If humans did not breathe in O2, we would not _____.
A.
make enough ATP to meet our energy requirements
B.
have enough enzymes to catalyze reactions
C.
be able to perform lactate fermentation
D.
be able to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic molecules
E.
be affected because we can switch to alcoholic fermentation
2. When protein molecules are used as fuel for cellular respiration, _____ are produced as
waste.
A.
amino acids
B.
fatty acids
C.
sugar molecules
D.
molecules of lactate
E.
ethanol and CO2
3. Which of the following substances, if any, is NOT involved in oxidative
phosphorylation?
A.
ADP
B.
oxygen
C.
ATP
D.
Pi (inorganic phosphate)
E.
All of the above are involved in oxidative phosphorylation.
4. The function of cellular respiration is to _____.
A.
reduce CO2
B.
extract CO2 from the atmosphere
C.
extract usable energy from glucose
D.
synthesize macromolecules from monomers
E.
produce carbohydrates
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HL Exam: Cellular Respiration/Photosynthesis/Enzymes
B
5. During respiration in a eukaryotic cell, reactions of glycolysis occur, or are located, in
or on ___________.
A.
the cytosol
B.
the matrix of the mitochondrion
C.
the cristae of the mitochondrion
D.
the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion
E.
across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
6. In preparing pyruvate to enter the Krebs cycle, which of the following steps does NOT
occur?
A.
It is oxidized by reducing an NAD+ to an NADH.
B.
A carbon atom is released in carbon dioxide.
C.
A compound called coenzyme A binds to a two-carbon fragment.
D.
Oxygen must be present for the pyruvate to enter the Krebs cycle.
E.
The two-carbon fragment formed after a carbon atom is released as carbon
dioxide is called lactate.
7. The ATP synthase in a human cell gets energy for making ATP directly from _____.
A.
sunlight
B.
the flow of H+ through a membrane
C.
the oxidation of glucose
D.
the movement of electrons through a series of carriers
E.
the reduction of oxygen
8. You could distinguish a granum from a crista because the granum, but not the crista,
would _____.
A.
be inside a mitochondrion
B.
function in energy transformation
C.
have photosynthetic pigments
D.
contain protein but not lipids
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HL Exam: Cellular Respiration/Photosynthesis/Enzymes
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E.
grana and cristae are indistinguishable
9. Which of the following correctly matches each of the inputs of the Calvin cycle with its
role in the cycle?
A.
carbon dioxide: high-energy electrons ... ATP: energy ... NADPH: carbon
B.
carbon dioxide: carbon ... ATP: energy ... NADPH: high-energy electrons
C.
carbon dioxide: high-energy electrons ... ATP: carbon ... NADPH: energy
D.
carbon dioxide: energy ... ATP: carbon ... NADPH: high-energy electrons
E.
carbon dioxide: hydrogen ... ATP: carbon ... NADPH: energy
10. A molecule is oxidized when it _____.
A.
changes shape
B.
gains a hydrogen (H+) ion
C.
loses a hydrogen (H+) ion
D.
gains an electron
E.
loses an electron
11. Most of the ATP produced in cellular respiration comes from _____.
A.
glycolysis
B.
chemiosmosis
C.
lactic acid fermentation
D.
biosynthesis
E.
the Krebs cycle
12. In the Calvin cycle, CO2 is combined _____.
A.
with a 2-carbon compound to form a 3-carbon compound
B.
with a 5-carbon compound to form an unstable 6-carbon compound, which
decomposes into two 3-carbon compounds
C.
with a 7-carbon compound to form two 4-carbon compounds
D.
with a 5-carbon compound to form a stable 6-carbon compound that can be
converted directly to glucose
E.
with two 2-carbon compounds to form a 5-carbon compound
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HL Exam: Cellular Respiration/Photosynthesis/Enzymes
B
4
13. Molecular oxygen is produced during _____.
A.
glycolysis
B.
light reactions of photosynthesis
C.
the Calvin cycle
D.
aerobic respiration
E.
electron transport chain
14. The most important role of pigments in photosynthesis is to _____.
A.
capture light energy
B.
screen out harmful ultraviolet rays
C.
store energy in glucose molecules
D.
release energy from glucose molecules
E.
store energy in ATP
15. The light reactions of photosynthesis generate high-energy electrons, which end up in
____. The light reactions also produce ____ and ____.
16.
A.
ATP ... NADPH ... oxygen
B.
oxygen ... sugar ... ATP
C.
chlorophyll ... ATP ... NADPH
D.
water ... sugar ... oxygen
E.
NADPH ... ATP ... oxygen
In the enzyme controlled pathway shown below, which compound is most likely to
inhibit enzyme (w)?
Precursor
A.
I
enzyme
w

enzyme
x
I

enzyme
y
II

enzyme
z
III

IV
HL Exam: Cellular Respiration/Photosynthesis/Enzymes
B
B.
II
C.
III
D.
IV
5
(1)
17. Which of the following would NOT be capable of performing photosynthesis?
A.
a bacterium
B.
a pine tree
C.
a mushroom
D.
seaweed
E.
algae
18. In photosynthesis, plants use carbon from ____ to make sugar and other organic
molecules.
A.
water
B.
carbon dioxide
C.
the sun
D.
chlorophyll
E.
soil
19. Where do the electrons needed by photosystem II originate?
A.
other chlorophyll molecules
B.
ATP
C.
the electron transport chain
D.
light
E.
water
HL Exam: Cellular Respiration/Photosynthesis/Enzymes
B
20.
6
The graph below shows the effect of changing the substrate concentration on an
enzyme controlled reaction.
40 % substrate
20 % substrate
10 % substrate
Amount of product formed
5 % substrate
2.5 % substrate
0 % substrate
Time
What is the correct interpretation of these data?
A.
The rate of reaction increases continuously with increase in substrate
concentration.
B.
The rate of reaction decreases continuously with increase in substrate
concentration.
C.
The rate of reaction increases up to a point and then remains constant.
D.
The rate of reaction is not affected by any change in the substrate
concentration.
(1)
21.
22.
How does the enzyme pectinase help in fruit juice production?
A.
Pectinase increases the amount of protein in the juice extracted.
B.
Pectinase decreases the lipid content of the juice extracted.
C.
Pectinase increases the volume of the juice extracted.
D.
Pectinase eliminates toxins from the juice extracted.
Of the following products, which is produced by both anaerobic respiration and
aerobic respiration in humans?
I.
Pyruvate
II.
ATP
III.
Lactate
HL Exam: Cellular Respiration/Photosynthesis/Enzymes
B
A.
I only
B.
I and II only
C.
I, II and III
D.
II and III only
7
(1)
23.
Which is not a product of the Krebs cycle?
A.
CO2
B.
NADH + H+
C.
Pyruvate
D.
ATP
(1)
24.
How many ATP molecules (net yield) are produced per molecule of glucose as a
direct result of glycolysis?
A.
2
B.
4
C.
10
D.
38
(1)
25.
What happens during muscle contraction?
A.
Both actin and myosin filaments shorten.
B.
Na+ ions are taken up by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
C.
The actin and myosin filaments slide over each other.
D.
Cross bridges remain attached to the filaments.
(1)
26.
Which way do the protons flow when ATP is synthesized in mitochondria?
A.
From the inner matrix to the intermembrane space
B.
From the intermembrane space to the inner matrix
C.
From the intermembrane space to the cytoplasm
D.
From the cytoplasm to the intermembrane space
(1)
27.
What accumulates in the inter-membrane space of the mitochondrion during electron
HL Exam: Cellular Respiration/Photosynthesis/Enzymes
B
8
transport?
A.
ATP
B.
Electrons
C.
Protons (hydrogen ions)
D.
Oxygen
(1)
28.
What is the sequence of stages during the conversion of glucose into pyruvate in
glycolysis?
A.
lysis
phosphorylation of sugar
B.
lysis
oxidation
C.
phosphorylation of sugar
lysis
D.
phosphorylation of sugar
oxidation
oxidation
phosphorylation of sugar
oxidation
lysis
(1)
29.
Which of the following produce ATP in mitochondria?
A.
The movement of protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space
B.
The movement of protons from the intermembrane space to the cytoplasm
C.
The splitting of water molecules and the movement of electrons to oxygen
D.
The movement of protons from the intermembrane space to the matrix
(1)
30.
How many molecules of acetyl CoA (ethanoyl CoA) does the oxidation of the fatty
acid stearic acid produce?
HL Exam: Cellular Respiration/Photosynthesis/Enzymes
B
9
CH 3
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
Stearic acid
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
COOH
A.
2
B.
6
C.
9
D.
18
(1)
31.
Which two colours of light does chlorophyll absorb most?
A.
Red and yellow
B.
Green and blue
C.
Red and green
D.
Red and blue
(1)
32.
What is needed in photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide into organic molecules?
A.
Light and hydrogen from the splitting of water
B.
Light and oxygen from the splitting of water
HL Exam: Cellular Respiration/Photosynthesis/Enzymes
B
C.
ATP and hydrogen from the splitting of water
D.
ATP and oxygen from the splitting of water
10
(1)
33.
How is the proton gradient generated in chloroplasts during photosynthesis?
A.
Flow of electrons from carrier to carrier in the thylakoid membrane causes
pumping of protons across the thylakoid membrane.
B.
Light causes protons to flow through protein channels in the thylakoid
membrane.
C.
Light splits water molecules in the stroma, causing the release of protons.
D.
Protons are pumped across the thylakoid membrane using energy from ATP.
(1)
34.
Why is the action spectrum for photosynthesis similar to the absorption spectra of
photosynthetic pigments?
A.
Photosynthetic pigments have the same optimum temperature as the enzymes
used in photosynthesis.
B.
Plants absorb the same photosynthetic pigments for use in photosynthesis.
C.
Only wavelengths of light absorbed by pigments can be used in
photosynthesis.
D.
The amount of energy absorbed by photosynthetic pigments is equal to the
activation energy for photosynthesis.
(1)
35.
Pigments are extracted from the leaves of a green plant. White light is then passed
through the solution of pigments. What effect do the leaf pigments have on the white
light?
A.
Green wavelengths are absorbed and red and blue wavelengths are
transmitted.
B.
Red and blue wavelengths are absorbed and green wavelengths are
transmitted.
C
Blue wavelengths are absorbed and green and red wavelengths are
transmitted.
D.
Green and red wavelengths are absorbed and blue wavelengths are
transmitted.
(1)
36.
Consider the metabolic pathway shown below.
HL Exam: Cellular Respiration/Photosynthesis/Enzymes
B
A
1
B
2
C
3
D
11
4
E
If there is end-product inhibition, which product (B to E) would inhibit which
enzyme (1 to 4)?
Product
Enzyme
A.
C
4
B.
B
3
C.
B
4
D.
E
1
(1)
37.
What can reduce the effect of a competitive inhibitor of an enzyme?
A.
Decrease the temperature at which the reaction takes place.
B.
Increase the temperature at which the reaction takes place.
C.
Increase the substrate concentration.
D.
Add a non-competitive inhibitor.
(1)
38.
What is the advantage of using pectinase in fruit juice production?
A. The pectin content of the fruit is increased, making the nutritional value of the
juice higher.
B. The pectin content of the fruit is reduced, making the energy content of the juice
lower.
C. The pectin content of the fruit is reduced, making the juice easier to extract.
D. The pectin content of the fruit is increased, giving the juice a thicker texture.
(1)
39.
What effect do enzymes have on the activation energy of exergonic and endergonic
reactions?
Activation energy of Activation energy of
exergonic reactions endergonic reactions
A.
increases
increases
B.
decreases
decreases
C.
increases
decreases
D.
decreases
increases
HL Exam: Cellular Respiration/Photosynthesis/Enzymes
B
12
(1)
40.
Which of the following could cause denaturation of an enzyme?
A.
Substrate concentration
B.
A competitive inhibitor
C.
High temperature
D.
Low salt concentration
(1)
Extra Credit
41. What is the URL for the biology website?
A. ibiology.weebly.com
B.fhsbiology.weekly.com
C.fhsbio.weebly.com
D. fhsbiology.weebly.com
42. Which organelle does not belong?
A. chloroplast
B.central vacuole
C.cell wall
D. lysosome
43. Let’s take it WAY back…RNA splicing is when ____________ of cut out.
A. codons
B.introns
C.exons
D. entrons