Download CHAPTER 26: THE NEW POWER BALANCE, 1850-1900

CHAPTER 26: THE NEW POWER BALANCE, 1850-1900
I.
II.
III.
IV.
New Technologies and the World Economy
A. Railroads
1. 1850 railroads were a success in:
2. Non industrialized nations:
3. Railroads open new land to:
B. Steamships and Telegraph Cables
1. Iron and steel now used for:
2. Impact:
3. Telegraph cables were now put underwater to:
C. Steel and Chemical Industries
1. Steel before industrial revolution:
2. Steel after industrial revolution:
3. Alfred Nobel’s invention ________________________
D. Electricity
1. In the year _______________ electricity now powered cities
2. Electricity created a huge demand for ________________
E. World Trade and Finance
1. By _______________ shipping costs were cut in half.
2. Impact:
Social Changes
A. Urbanization and Urban Environments
1. 1914:
2. Government provided:
3. Purposes of Coal:
4. Coal’s impact on society:
5. Horse drawn carts are replaced by street cars and automobiles
6. Impact:
B. Middle Class Women’s “Separate Sphere”
1. Victorian Age:
2. Role of Men:
3. Role of Women:
4. Middle class women were expected to raise the children
5. Society frowned on working middle class women; only allowed to be ____________________
C. Working Class Women
1. Domestic servants facing long hours and abuse from masters
2. Married women were expected to ____________________
3. Married women income:
Socialism and Labor Movements
A. Marx and Socialism
1. Karl Marx wrote ____________________________
2. History is clashes between:
3. Marx’s society:
B. Labor Movements
1. Unions brought:
2. 19th century all male received right to vote; women:
Nationalism and the Rise of Italy, Germany, and Japan
A. Language and National Identity in Europe
1. __________________________, ___________________________, and
________________________ brought about nationalism
B. The Unification of Italy
1. _____________________ headed the unification of Italy in 1860
C. The Unification of Germany
1. Otto von Bismark unified Germany through ____________-______________ War
2. War caused tension between France and Germany
3. Germany makes alliances with:
D. The West Challenges Japan
1. Japanese foreign policy:
2. Matthew Perry arrives in Japan 1853:
3. Treaty of Kanagawa:
4. 1868 shogunate is overthrown
E. The Meiji Restoration and Modernization of Japan
1. Meji transformed Japan to a world class industrial and military power
2. Meiji reforms:
F. Nationalism and Social Darwinism
1. Survival of the fittest now applies to nations
2. Social Darwinism:
V.
VI.
Great Powers of Europe, 1871-1900
A. Germany
1. Germany formed coalition with ____________________ and ___________________________
2. Wilhelm II dismissed ________________________ and looked for colonies
B. Russia and Austria-Hungary
1. Austria Hungary separated from Russia to form independent nation
2. Russian economy was controlled by the state; middle class did not benefit from industrialism
3. Tsar Nicolas introduced:
China, Japan, and the Western Powers
A. China in Turmoil
1. China is hurt by Taiping Rebellion and being taken advantage of in trade by Europeans
B. Japan Confronts China
1. Boxer Rebellion:
2. Russo-Japanese War—Japan defeats Russia:
3. Japan conquered Manchuria and Korea making it an imperial power
NOTES:
CHAPTER 27: NEW IMPERIALISM, 1869-1914
I.
II.
III.
Motives and Methods
A. Political Motives
1. Desire for National prestige
2. Acquisition of new colonies through:
B. Cultural Motives
1. White Man’s Burden (Rudyard Kipling):
2. Adventure and glory; overseas extension of ____________________
C. Economic Motives
1. Demand for materials and crops:
2. Profit in:
3. Looked for support in:
D. Tools of the Imperialists
1. Greater mobility by:
2. Discovery of ___________________ helped Europeans travel to Africa safely
3. __________________ and ______________________ widened firearm gap between
_________________ and ______________________
E. Colonial Agents and Administration
1. Modern scientific and industrial methods applied to colonies (forced westernization)
2. Indirect vs. Direct Rule:
3. Protectorate:
4. Youth in colonial countries:
Scramble for Africa
A. Egypt
1. Foreign money helped build the _________________________________
2. 1882:
3. Technologies only benefited the ________________________ and ___________________________
B. Western Africa
1. Berlin Conference on Africa in 1885:
2. 1886 laid out framework for European occupation
3. ________________________ were not invited to the Berlin Conference
4. _________________ were built to connect central and coastal Africa
C. Southern Africa
1. Cecil Rhodes:
2. _________________________ Company controlled central Africa through British
3. Boer War (South African War) 1899-1902:
4. 1910:
5. Apartheid:
D. Political and Social Consequences
1. Ethiopia defended itself against ________________ in 1896
2. Europeans emphasized:
E. Cultural Responses
1. Missionaries taught:
2. Africans used _________________ ideals to critique colonialism
3. _________________ was allowed to continued to spread
Imperialism in Asia and the Pacific
A. Central Asia
1. Russia was able to expand south when the Qing dynasty declined
B. Southeast Asia and Indonesia
1. Countries defeated by Social Darwinism:
2. Reason:
3. Impact:
C. Hawaii and Philippines, 1878-1902
1. __________________ was annexed in 1898
2. Reason:
3. 1898 Spanish American War:
4. US won ____________________ and ____________________ from Spain
IV.
5. Impact:
Imperialism in Latin America
A. Railroads and the Imperialism of Free Trade
1. ____________________ and __________________ funded industrialism in Latin America
2. Elite encouraged foreign companies to industrialize
B. American Expansionism and Spanish American War, 1898
1. Monroe Doctrine:
2. US beat Spain taking Puerto Rico and making ________________ independent
C. American Intervention in Latin America
1. Panama Canal:
V.
NOTES:
2. 1914:
World Economy and Global Environment
A. Expansion of the World Economy
1. Imperialists brought their colonies into the world market and introduced new technologies
2. Cut cost and time:
B. Transformation of Global Environment
1. ________________________ development supported larger populations but stressed land
CHAPTER 28: CRISES OF IMPERIAL ORDER, 1900-1929
I.
II.
Origins of Crisis in Europe and Middle East
A. Ottoman Empire and the Balkans
1. By the late 19th century Young Turks:
2. Young Turks took control and looked to ____________________ for assistance
B. Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
1. M
2. A
3. I
4. N
5. Triple Alliance:
6. Triple Entente:
7. The immediate cause:
8. Austria Hungary declares war on ________________ on July 28, 1914
The Great War and Russian Revolutions, 1914-1918
A. Stalemate, 1914-1917
1. Schlieffen Plan:
2. Why Implemented:
3. Why Failed:
4. Trench Warfare:
5. Life in the Trenches:
B. Home Front and the War Economy
1. Rationing and Recruitment were necessary—men from the colonies to fight and women to work in
factories
2. At first US only sold goods in the War. Sold to ______________ and ______________.
3. US entered in ________________
4. Governments controlled public opinion
5. Censored newspapers –
6. Created propaganda =
C. Ottoman Empire at War
1. _____________________ and _______________ made an alliance in 1914
2. Dardanelles Strait:
3. 1917 British troops:
D. Double Revolution in Russia
1. Russian Steamroller—not well trained and not much ammo but will send massive amounts of troops
2. Czar Nicholas and Rasputin:
3. Bolshevik Revolution 1917:
4. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918):
III.
E. End of the War in Western Europe, 1917-1918
1. Germany can’t compete with the British warships, so resorts to submarine warfare
2. Unrestricted submarine warfare, Zimmerman Telegram, and invasion of Belgium bring
______________ in the War
3. November 11, 1918:
Peace and Dislocation in Europe, 1919-1929
A. Impact of War
1. Great War caused massive amounts of death and made millions refugees
2. Impact:
3. US passed _________________________ that closed the doors to immigrants
B. Peace Treaties
1. Paris Peace Conference leaders:
2. Treaty of Versailles humiliated _____________________
3. Treaty conditions:
4. ________________________________ falls apart and new countries arise
C. Russian Civil War and New Economic Policy
1. Communists and the Soviet Republic of Ukraine merge to create _________________
2. Lenin dies in 1924 __________________________ takes over USSR.
3. Five Year Plan:
IV.
China and Japan: Contrasting Destinies
A. Social and Economic Change
1. China struggles with ______________________ and Japan modernizes and depends on ___________
B. Revolution and War, 1900-1918
1. ______________________________ takes China
2. Japan is on the side of the allies in WWI taking ______________ colonies as spoils
3. Chiang Kai-shek:
V.
New Middle East
A. Mandate System
1. Territories lost by Germany and Ottomans were given to winners of war as mandates
2. Britain took:
3. France took:
B. Rise of Modern Turkey
1. ______________________________ modernized with the help of European nations
2. Mustafa Kemal:
VI.
VII.
NOTES:
C. Arab Lands and the Question of Palestine
1. Arab people did not see mandate system as liberation but as colonialism
2. French army dominated most of the _______________ and ________________ in Middle East
3. Iraq in 1922:
Society, Culture, and Technology in the Industrialized World
A. Class and Gender
1. 1920 Women gained the right ______________
B. New Technologies of Modernity
1. New Technologies like:
2. Amelia Earhart and Charles Lindbergh:
C. Technology and the Environment
1. Mass produced automobiles replaced horses
2. Gas powered tractors replaced horses
3. Dams and canals generate electricity
Comparative Perspectives
A. Postwar Realignments
1. France and Britain were economically weakened, Russia dealt with civil war and revolutions, Austria
Hungary and Ottomans divided into smaller weaker nations
2. Japan and US came out stronger
CHAPTER 29: THE COLLAPSE OF THE OLD ORDER, 1929-1949
I.
The Stalin Revolution
A. Five Year Plan
1. Stalin industrialized ________________ and ________________ not _______________________
2. Achieve ambitious goals by instituting _________________ control over economy
3. Factories and mines:
4. Led to increases in ____________________ output
5. Collectivization =
6. Peasants and land:
7. Protesters:
B. Collectivization of Agriculture
1. Stalin put small farms together and expected them to supply fixed amounts of goods
2. Collectivization was accomplished by ______________ suppression and disrupted ___________ causing a
___________
3. Fear of _______________ in Germany caused Stalin to put heavy emphasis on heavy _____________ and
_________________
C. Terror and Oppurtunities
1. Population control:
2. ________________________ were created by Stalin
3. Stalin helped Soviet Union industrialized faster than any other nation making Russia a power on the world
stage
4. 1936:
II.
III.
5. Stalin ruled with an iron fist and ruthlessly removed all opposition
The Depression
A. Economic Crisis
1. October 29,1929:
2. International Impact of Stock Crash:
3. Many people turn to political leaders who offer simple solutions in return for ______________ power
B. Depression in Industrial Nations
1. __________________ and ________________ escaped because of __________________
2. _________________ and ______________ suffered relying on _________ to pay for ____________
C. Depression in Nonindustrial Nations
1. _________________ and ________________ were least effected
2. Price of gold shot up benefiting ________________________ miners
Rise of Facism
A. Mussolini
1. 1919:
2. Fascism =
3. Push extreme nationalism and love for the state
4. Envisioned an ______________ state ruled by a strong all-powerful leader, tended to glorify _______
5. Mussolini became leader of the Fascist Party and was appointed ___________________
6. Fascism excelled at propaganda and glorified war
B. Hilter
1. Germany was digging out of WWI, hyperinflation of 1923, and Depression blaming _________,
_____________, and ________________ for their troubles
2. After the war he joined:
3. Tries to seize power in the ____________________________
4. Fails and Hitler goes to jail, where he writes Mein Kampf or “_____________________”
5. It outlines his major political ideas and goals
6. 1924:
7. 1933:
8. Impact in Germany:
C. Road to War, 1933-1939
1. Treaty of Versailles violations:
2. Munich Conference:
3. Lebensraum:
4. Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression Pact:
IV.
V.
VI.
East Asia, 1931-1945
A. Manchurian Incident of 1931
1. Japan needed to end reliance on foreign trade and took Manchuria
2. Japan is now run by _________________ not _____________________
3. 1931:
4. The __________________________ does nothing
B. Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945
1. 1937:
2. Japan takes Nanjing in 1938 (Rape of Nanjing)
3. __________________ builds an army and brings ____________________ party to power in China
Second World War
A. The War of Movement
1. Germany’s lightning warfare called __________________
2. 3 steps of blitzkrieg:
3. Axis Powers:
4. Allied Powers:
B. War in Europe and North Africa
1. Germany conquers ________________ in less than one month
2. British RAF defeat Germany, invades Soviet Union only to be stopped by ____________
3. Germany helped ________ in Africa by were finally defeated by the British (
C. War in Asia and the Pacific
1. US and Britain stopped shipments of steel, iron, and oil to Japan
2. December 7, 1941:
3. U.S. Congress declares war on Japan on ______________
4. US and Britain join Soviet Union as Allies
5. US destroy four aircraft carriers of Japan and Japan cannot replace
D. End of the War
1. 1943:
2. Soviet invasion in the west and US and British invasion in Italy and France
3. The race to Berlin is on between the Soviets and the other Allies (
4. Half a million Soviets surround Berlin in late August 1945
5. Hitler commits suicide on May 2 and Berlin surrenders the same day
6. On May 7th _______________ surrenders
7. May 8th:
8. 1945 bombing of ________________________ and _________________________
9. August 15th:
E. Chinese Civil War and Communist Victory
1. Chaing Kai-shek’s Guomindang forces fought Mao Ze Dong until 1949
2. ________________________ announced People’s Republic of China October 1, 1949
Character of Warfare
A. Science and Technology
1. Technology:
B. Bombing Raids
1. US and British sought to break morale of populations with bomb raids
2. US bomb raids devastated ______________
C. Holocaust
1. Nuremberg Racial Laws (1935)
2. Night of Broken Glass (Nov. 1938)
3. Nazi killing of civilians were a part of a policy to exterminated whole races
4. German Jews were herded into ghettos and concentration camps
5. Nazis targeted:
D. Home Front in US
1. US economy flourished during the war
2. Consumer goods were in short supply so people saved
3. Internment camps of Japanese:
NOTES:
)
)
CHAPTER 30: STRIVING FOR INDPENDENCE: INDIA, AFRICA, AND LATIN AMERICA, 1900-1949
I.
Indian Independence Movement, 1905-1947
A. The Land and the People
1. Population in India between 1900 and 1941:
2. Impact:
3. Indian classes:
4. _________________ became common medium of communication of Western educated middle class
5. Religions in India:
B. British Rule and Indian Nationalism
1. Colonial India was ruled by a _______________ and the Indian __________________________
2. Impact of British rule:
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Hindus established ________________________ in 1885
In response, Muslims established ________________________ in 1906
Impact of 2 independence movements:
1911 steel mill:
Examples of British and Indian tension:
C. Mahatma Gandhi and Militant Nonviolence
1. Gandhi was an ________________ educated lawyer who joined the _______________________
2. Political ideas included _________________ and ______________________
3. Gandhi transformed the independence movement from _____________ to a ___________ movement
4. Walk to the Sea:
5. Indian political demonstrations:
D. India Moves Toward Independence
1. British slowly give Indians control of:
2. Wealthy Indian businessmen looked to ________________ and __________________ for leadership
3. World War II divided Indians; _______________ opposed the war, _____________contributed much
to the war effort, some Indians joined ________________ war effort
E. Indian Independence
1. Muhammad Ali Jinnah demanded:
2. __________________ got India; _____________________ got Pakistan
3. Impact of split independence:
II.
Sub-Saharan Africa
A. Colonial Africa: Economic and Social Changes
1. Europeans affect on African economy:
2. Africans were forced to work in ____________________-owned mines and plantations
3. Working conditions:
4. Health care of Africans:
B. Religious and Political Changes
1. Many Africans turned toward _____________________ and __________________ religions
2. Spread of Christianity by ___________________________
3. Spread of Islam by ________________________________
4. Africans discrimination:
5. Nationalism rose in Africa as leaders returned from WWI with radical new ideas.
6. Examples of early nationalist leaders and movements:
III.
Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil, 1900-1949
A. Background to Revolution: Mexico 1910
1. 1821:
2. Role of wealthy in Mexico:
3. Role of peasants in Mexico:
4. 1910, General Porfirio Diaz:
B. Revolution and Civil War in Mexico, 1911-1920
1. Francisco I Madero:
2. Emiliano Zapata:
3. Francisco Pancho Villa:
4. Constitutionalists impact in Mexico:
5. 1934, PRM and President Cardenas reformations in government:
6. Impact of Mexican revolution:
C. The transformation of Argentina
1. Because of railroads and refrigerator ships Argentina went from _________ industry to __________
and pampas for _______
2. Oligarquia:
3. Argentina was run by wealthy elite who were happy with British industrialization
D. Brazil and Argentina, to 1929
1. Impact of WWI on Brazil and Argentina:
2. 1920s in Brazil and Argentina:
E. The Depression and the Vargas Regime in Brazil
1. Impact of Depression in Latin America:
2. Getulio Vargas:
3. Vargas reforms:
IV.
NOTES:
F. Argentina after 1930
1. General ______________ overthrew the president and initiated thirteen years of rule by generals
2. 1943, ________________ established government in Argentina after __________________
3. Peron sponsored rapid _________________ and depleted capital that Argentina had earned during the
war; overthrown in ________
Comparative Perspectives
A. Politics and Economics under Imperialism
1. Peoples of _____________________ and ______________________ remained under colonial rule
after the war.
2. Role of elite and ordinary people in independence:
3. _______________________, ________________________, and _________________ were
economically tied to industrialized countries
4. Brazil and Argentina moved toward economic independence but fell to:
B. Problems of Independence
1. ________________ gained independence but torn by ethnic conflict
2. Independence did not always unit people