Download Chapter 11 Objectives

Chapter 11 – Feeding the World
Directions: After reading Chapter 11 and reviewing the in-class material, you should be able to:
1.
Compare malnourished and undernutrition. Describe how a food security policy works to reduce
those conditions. Explain how people in the United States can suffer from overnutrition.
2.
Describe how poverty creates undernutrition, as well as overnutrition.
3.
Discuss what is meant by agribusiness, or industrial agriculture. Describe the production of food in
terms of its energy subsidy.
4.
Compare the process of agriculture before and after the green revolution. Discuss the major
components of the revolution.
5.
Identify several positive and negative features for each of the following green revolution practices,
and define each term.
a. Mechanization
b.
Irrigation (waterlogging and salinization)
c.
Fertilizers (organic & inorganic)
d.
Monocropping
6.
Describe the control of pest species by the use of chemical pesticides. Define an insecticide and an
herbicide. Explain how some pesticides are broad-spectrum and some are selective.
7.
Compare persistent and non-persistent pesticides. Explain why persistent pesticides can
bioaccumulate, while a non-persistent pesticide cannot.
8.
Explain how a pest population can develop resistance to a pesticide. Describe the pesticide
treadmill and how it creates resistance in pest populations.
9.
Describe the “second green revolution” as the genetic engineering revolution. Briefly explain how
organisms can be genetically modified.
10. Identify three benefits and three concerns currently being expressed about GMOs.
11. Define two alternatives to industrial agriculture that have lower energy subsidies: shifting
agriculture and nomadic grazing. Describe the problem of desertification.
12. Describe the practice known as sustainable agriculture. Discuss how intercropping, crop rotation,
agroforestry, contour plowing, and no-till agriculture increase the sustainability of the land.
13. Describe the practice known as Integrated Pest Management. Give several parts of the IPM strategy
and explain how IPM can improve the health of crops and other plants.
14. Define organic agriculture. Compare organic agriculture practices with industrial agricultural
practices.
15. Identify characteristics of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). Give three problems
associated with the practice.
16. Describe the following technologies used to catch large volumes of fish.
a. Long line fishing
b.
Trawling nets (bottom & mid-water)
c.
Purse-seine nets
d.
Drift nets
17. Define a fishery and identify the problems of fishery collapse. Explain how this collapse relates to
the Tragedy of the Commons.
18. Define bycatch. Explain how bycatch contributes to the decline of species in the ocean.
19. Describe an aquaculture operation. Name several species that are raised by this method. Discuss
both positive and negative issues associated with aquaculture.