Download E.S. 14: The Universe Universe Formation: The Big Bang Theory

E.S. 14: The Universe
 Universe Formation:
A. The Big Bang Theory:
i. The Universe began from a single point in space.
ii. An enormous explosion occurred.
iii. The Universe began to expand in every direction.
iv. The leading theory for the beginning of the
Universe.
B. The Oscillating Theory:
i. The Universe began from a single point in space.
ii. An enormous explosion occurred.
iii. The Universe is expanding in every direction.
iv. The expansion will eventually stop.
v. The Universe is will contract until it becomes a
single point again.
vi. The cycle repeats and is never ending.
vii. Problem: No evidence to show Universe closed
and has a reason to contract.
C. The Steady State Theory:
i. There is no beginning or end to the Universe.
ii. The Universe looks the same all the time.
iii. Problem: Evidence of Universe expanding; Matter would have to be created from
nothing to keep it looking the same.
 Galaxies:
A. Galaxies are made of groups of stars.
B. Spiral galaxies have spiral arms that start close to the center.
i. Ex: The Milky Way
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C. Barred spiral galaxies have spiral arms that extend from a large bar in
the center.
D. Elliptical galaxies have a round to football shape.
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E. Irregular galaxies are those that do not fit any of the other shapes.
 Stars:
A. Constellations are observed patterns of stars in the sky.
B. Absolute magnitude is a measure of the amount of light a star gives off.
i. This is also known as a star’s luminosity.
ii. Stars generate energy and emit light through nuclear fusion.
iii. Nuclear fusion is when two hydrogen atoms fuse to form a single helium atom and
give off a large amount of energy.
C. Apparent magnitude is the amount of light received on Earth from a star.
i. This depends on the luminosity and distance of a star from Earth.
ii. Distances between stars and galaxies are measured in light-years. A light-year is
the distance that light travels in one year.
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