Download history of us book 10

ALL THE PEOPLE: 1945—1999
BOOK 10, A HISTORY OF US
1.
Who became President upon the 1945 death of Franklin D. Roosevelt?
[9]
_____________________________________________
2.
What new international organization set up its headquarters in New York City in
1946, in part as a result of a gift from John D. Rockefeller, Jr.?
[16]
________________
3.
In 1947, this Brooklyn Dodger broke the major league color barrier. [18-22]
________________________________________
4.
Who ruled Russia from the late 1920s through his death in 1953?
[24-25]
_________________________________
5.
In his famous 1946 speech at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, he warned
that
an
Iron
Curtain
had
descended
across
Europe.
[27]
____________________________________
6—8. Name three Eastern European countries that the Soviets controlled after World
War II.
[28] ___________________________; ____________________________;
_________________
9. Which Eastern European nation rose up in rebellion against Soviet domination in
1956? [29] ________________________
10. $400 million of aid to Greece and Turkey provided the backdrop for this broad
American enunciation of a policy of steadfast opposition to communism – it promised
support to “free peoples resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or
outside pressures.” [29] ___________________________________
11. In 1961, the Soviets built a concrete wall in the middle of which divided German
city? [29] __________________
12. Introduced in a speech by the secretary of state at Harvard, it promised economic aid
to European nations in the immediate post-war era. [30] _______________________
13. Which World War II general was sent to Japan as the head of the occupying army that
would remain there until 1952? [32] _____________________________________
14. What party was formed by those post-World War II Democrats opposed to Harry
Truman’s push for civil rights? [36] ____________________________
15. By giving World War II veterans free college education and subsidized mortgages,
this federal legislation helped to create a vastly expanded post-1945 middle class.
[37] ___________________________
16. He
was
chief
of
the
FBI
for
some
___________________________________________
fifty
years.
[40]
17. If Franklin Roosevelt talked of the New Deal, Harry Truman used this tem to refer to
his own liberal reform agenda. [40] ____________________________
18—19. A former State Department official and diplomat, he was convicted during the
Red Scare of perjury and sentenced to jail in 1950. [41] ________________________
What anticommunist congressman first made a national name for himself as a result of
this case? [41] ____________________________________
20. Convicted in 1951 of selling atomic secrets to the Soviets, they were executed by
electrocution. [41] ________________________________________
21—24. The previously-unified Korea was divided along which parallel at the end of
World War II? [43] ______________ Which Russian-educated communist became
leader of North Korea? [43] __________________________ Which American-educated
authoritarian became leader of South Korea?
[43] __________________________
When American forces pushed back the invading North Korean forces and took the
fighting
into
the
North
itself,
which
nation
entered
the
war?
[43]
________________________
25. The commander of the American forces during the Korean War, he would ultimately
be fired by Truman for insubordination. [43] ______________________________
26. In 1949, the United States and ten European nations formed which military alliance to
protect
Western
Europe
from
possible
__________________________________________
Soviet
attack?
[43]
27. In a speech at Wheeling, West Virginia in 1950, who held up a piece of paper
claiming that it contained the names of 205 Communists who worked in the U.S.
State Department? [44] ___________________________________
28. The Congressional committee responsible for investigating possible subversion in the
1950s, it identified the movie industry as one particular hotbed of communism. [45]
______________________________________
29. The vaccine developed by Dr. Jonas Salk in the 1950s virtually eliminated which
debilitating disease? [49] __________________
30. Supreme Allied Commander in Europe during World War II, he served as Republican
President from 1952-1960. [50] _______________________________________
31. How many Americans died in the Korean War? [51] _______________
32. Who became leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Stalin in 1953? [51]
___________________________________________
33. From 1956 to 1958 he made 14 consecutive million-selling records and is credited
with bringing rock-and-roll into the mainstream of American popular culture. [52]
________________________________________
34. Bringing mass-production techniques to the construction industry, this post-war
developer broke down the building of a house into 27 separate steps and thus helped
to spur massive growth of suburbia in the 1950s. [55] ________________________
35. American consumption of which resource rose from 5.8 million barrels a day in 1949
to 16.4 million barrels a day by 1979? [56] _______________
36. A Bing Crosby movie provided the inspiration for the name of which Memphis-based
chain founded by house builder Kemmons Wilson? [57] ____________________
37. Founded by two brothers based in San Bernardino, California, it was transformed by
Ray
Kroc
into
an
enormously
successful
franchise
empire.
[57-58]
___________________________________
38. The name given by the French to their Southeast Asian colony, it comprised Vietnam,
Laos, and Cambodia. [60] ____________________
39—40. A nationalist and communist, he became leader of Vietnam’s independence
struggle against the French. [61] ________________________ What was the name
adopted by his forces? [61] ___________________________
41. What nation had been the dominant influence on Vietnam throughout its long
history? [62] ______________________
42. President Eisenhower compared the possible impact of Vietnam going Communist to
the first in a row of these falling. [63] ___________________
43. Defeated at this mountain outpost in 1954 after the Vietnamese transferred weapons
through the jungle by bicycle, the French pulled out of Vietnam.
_________________________________
[63]
44. “No State shall . . . abridge the privileges . . . of citizens of the United States. . . ; nor
deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws” are words
associated with which Civil War era amendment? [64] ___________________
45. They were not granted citizenship until 1924. [66] ________________________
46—50. Which 1954 civil rights case involving a Topeka, Kansas student is typically
seen
as
overturning
the
1896
Plessy
v.
Ferguson
decision?
[68-70]
_________________________________ What was the civil rights organization that
spearheaded the legal challenge that led to the case? [69] _________________________
Who was the lead civil rights lawyer who worked on the case?
[70]
________________________________ The law school that educated not only this lead
lawyer but also so many others who became involved in civil rights law.
[69]
_____________________ Who was the chief justice of the Supreme Court at the time
the decision was rendered? [71] _______________________________
27. What famous 1969 Supreme Court decision supported the right of a student to wear a
black armband to protest American involvement in Vietnam – free speech, the
justices argued, could not be blocked at the entrance to the school house? [71]
_______________________________________________________
28. Schools in which Virginia county were closed down for five years as a white protest
against court-ordered integration? [72] ________________________________
29. Which nineteenth-century American writer, the author of Civil Disobedience,
profoundly influenced Martin Luther King, Jr.’s political and moral philosophy?
[76] ____________________________________
30. Secretary of the Montgomery, Alabama chapter of the NAACP, her refusal to
surrender her bus seat to a white passenger as custom and law dictated in December
1955 sparked one of the most famous boycotts in American history.
[78]
_____________________________________
31. Who was the 26-year-old minister vaulted to international fame by the Montgomery
Bus Boycott? [81] ______________________________________
32. How did the Montgomery Bus Boycott end?
[82] _______________________
____________________________
57—60. Which Southern city’s Central High School became the scene for a famous civil
rights struggle in 1957? [83] __________________________ What was the collective
name
given
to
the
students
who
first
integrated
Central
High?
[84]
_______________________________ Who was governor of Arkansas at the time? [84]
_______________________ How did President Eisenhower respond when the governor
sent in the National Guard to keep the black students out of Central High? [85-86]
_________________________________________________________
61. John F. Kennedy founded this government agency to recruit volunteers for two-yearservice missions in various developing nations. [89-90] ____________________
62. In Silent Spring (1962), she attacked the chemical and food-processing industries for
their reckless promotion of the use of pesticides, particularly DDT.
[90-91]
____________________________________________
63. Who came to power in Cuba in 1959 after leading a revolution in that island nation?
[93] ____________________________________________
64. Established in 1947, it serves as America’s foreign intelligence-gathering
organization. [93] ________________________________________
65. This 1961 American-backed invasion of Cuba failed miserably.
[93]
___________________________________
66. Photographic evidence from American U-2 spy plane flights over Cuba was used by
President Kennedy as justification for the steps he took during which tense 1962 13day showdown between the Soviet Union and the United States?
[94]
_______________________________________
67. In 1963, the United States, the Soviet Union, and Britain signed which treaty, which
banned
atmospheric
atomic
tests
amongst
the
signatories?
[96]
___________________________________________
68. How many American “advisers” were in Vietnam by 1963, the year of Kennedy’s
assassination? [96] ___________________
69. The commissioner of public safety in Birmingham, Alabama, he became during the
early 1960s one of the civil rights movement’s most vociferous opponents. [97]
_________________________________
70. This civil rights organization, headed by Martin Luther King, Jr., was very closely
associated with Southern black churches – most of its leaders were ministers. [101]
______________________________________________
71. Known popularly as SNICK, this civil rights organization depended upon the
idealism and energy of the young, and many of its members criticized the more
established organizations as gradualist and hypocritical. [101] ________________
___________________________
72—73. One of the main organizers of the 1963 March on Washington, which long-time
activist and former head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters served as a symbolic
and
practical
link
between
generations
____________________________________
of
struggle?
[102]
What speech is most closely associated
with this event? [103-104] ______________________________________________
74. Three civil rights activists – James Chaney, Michael Schwerner, and Andrew
Goodman – were lynched in the early summer of 1964 on the eve a major project
designed to spur racial reform in which southern state? [103] ___________________
75. John F. Kennedy used which term to refer to a domestic agenda that would push
beyond
the
accomplishments
of
Roosevelt’s
_____________________________________
New
Deal?
[105]
76. The name Lyndon Johnson gave to his legislative vision, with emphasis upon health
care, education, and job training. [113] ________________________________
77. On January 8, 1964, President Johnson declared war on what? [115] ____________
78. Which Johnson-supported measure provided federal funding to help prepare children
for kindergarten? [118] _____________________________________
79—80. The two most important health-care initiatives of the Johnson Presidency, the
first provided assistance to help the elderly pay their medical expenses; the latter
provided similar financial relief for the poor.
[118] ______________________;
_________________________________
81. A bill signed by President Johnson at the Statue of Liberty opened up this to a much
more
representative
cross-section
of
the
world’s
population.
[118]
_________________________________________
82. A leader of the Nation of Islam, or Black Muslims, he broke with the group shortly
after his trip to Mecca. [123] ____________________________
83—85. The killing of Jimmy Lee Jackson by an Alabama state trooper provided the
immediate impetus for the famous civil rights march from which town to the state capital
58 miles away in Montgomery? [124] ________________________ Who was the
Alabama governor at the time? [124] ______________________________ What is the
name typically given to the March 7, 1965 showdown between police authorities and
peaceful marchers at the Edmund Pettus Bridge as demonstrators first attempted to march
towards the capital? [125] _____________
86. An incident involving an American intelligence mission in which gulf off the coast
of North Vietnam led to a resolution that gave the President expanded powers to
wage military action? [130] _____________________________
87. What was the jellied-gasoline explosive that was used by American forces in
Vietnam? [132] _____________________________
88. Founder of the Catholic Worker, this elderly activist went to jail for her opposition
to American involvement in Vietnam. [132] ___________________________
89. Riots in which section of Los Angeles in 1965 lasted six days and left 34 people
dead? [134] ___________________
90. What federal commission appointed in the aftermath of the mid-1960s race riots
concluded that the United States was in the process of “moving toward two societies,
one black, one white – separate and unequal?” [134] _________________________
91. Who became the first black justice ever appointed to the Supreme Court? [135]
___________________________________________
92-93. Members of Charlie Company massacred some 350 Vietnamese at this village in
March 1968. [136] _________________________ The lieutenant who took the
blame for the incident, he was court-martialed and sentenced to life in prison at
hard
labor
but
was
pardoned
__________________________________
by
President
Nixon.
[136]
94. Whose 1963 bestseller Feminine Mystique openly questioned the idea that suburban
housewifery
was
the
best
that
women
could
aspire
to?
[138]
_____________________________________
95. In 1966, 30 women banded together to found which feminist organization? [140]
_____________________________________
96. Which former party operative for the 1964 Presidential candidacy of Republican
Barry Goldwater became national leader of the “Stop the Equal Rights Amendment”
movement? [142] ___________________________________
97. What 1973 Supreme Court decision ruled that a woman, in consultation with her
doctor, could choose to have an abortion? [143] ________________________
98. The number of blacks who moved from the South to the North between 1910 and
1970. [145] ____________________
99. The 1955 lynching of this 14-year-old who was visiting Mississippi from Chicago
became a defining event for an entire generation of Southern African-Americans.
[145] _____________________________
100. The leader of the Farm Workers Association, he organized California migrant grapegrowers to push for their rights. [149-52] _____________________________
101. Native Americans seized which abandoned federal prison and held it for a year and a
half, offering to pay for it with $24 in beads and cloth, the price paid for Manhattan
Island three hundred years earlier? [156] ______________________________
102. Who was assassinated April 4, 1968, at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis? [159]
___________________________________________
103—104. Gold- and bronze-medal winners respectively in the 200-meter sprint at the
1968 Mexico City Olympics, they raised their fists in the Black Power salute on the
victory
podium
and
were
stripped
of
their
medals.
[164]
________________________________; ____________________________________
105. Who was assassinated on June 5, 1968 in Los Angeles on the eve of his victory in
the Democratic primary in California? [164] __________________________
106. Four students at which midwestern university were killed in May 1970 when
National Guardsmen opened fire on a group of anti-Vietnam protestors? [166]
_________________________________
107. Born Robert Allen Zimmerman, which Minnesotan helped to bridge the gap
separating folk and rock music? [167] _____________________________
108. The North Vietnamese and Viet Cong launched a major offensive in early 1968
timed to coincide with which Vietnamese holiday? [170] ________________
109. The ratification of the 26th Amendment in 1971 extended the vote to which group?
[172] ______________________
110. Despite his credentials as a staunch anticommunist, Richard Nixon visited which
Asian nation in 1972 and began the process of opening diplomatic relations with it?
[173] _________________
111. The political scandal that ultimately brought down the Nixon Presidency, it got is
name from the fancy Washington hotel that housed the burglarized Democratic
Party headquarters. [174-75] _______________________
112—113. Who were the two young Washington Post reporters vaulted to celebrity
status for their dogged pursuit of the story? [174] ____________________________;
_________________________________
114. Nixon’s Vice President, he resigned after admitting to filing a fraudulent tax return
and
to
receiving
kickbacks
whilst
governor
of
Maryland.
[175]
_______________________________________
115. What was the American agency set up in large measure to best the Soviets in the
race to explore space? [176-77] _________________________________________
116. “One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind” were whose words on
becoming the firs human to set foot on the Moon in July 1969?
[177]
____________________________________________
117. A peanut farmer and one-term governor of Georgia, he replaced Gerald Ford as
President in 1976 in a campaign emphasizing truth-telling and his own outsider
status. [180] _______________________________________
118—119. Revolutionaries in which Middle Eastern nation seized American embassy
staff in 1978 and held them hostage 444 days? [181] ________________ Who was the
fundamentalist Islamic ruler who replaced to Shah as head of this country?
____________________________________
[181]
120—122. In 1978, which three world leaders met together at the Presidential retreat in
Camp David, Maryland, and worked to produce a U.S.-brokered peace treaty between
traditional rivals Israel and Egypt? [181] ___________________________________;
____________________________________; _______________________________
123. In 1978, the United States agreed to surrender control of which waterway at the
turn of the century? [181] _________________________
124. When Ronald Reagan entered the White House, he took down a portrait of Thomas
Jefferson and put up a picture of which President in its place?
[183]
_____________________________________
125. Derided by critics as “trickle-down” economics, this cornerstone of Reagan’s
thinking contended that all would benefit from an expanded economic pie. [183]
____________________________________
126. In October 1983, a terrorist drove a truck loaded with explosives into a U.S. Marine
barracks in which Middle Eastern nation, killing 239 Marines?
[185]
__________________________
127. In 1987, President Reagan and Soviet General Mikhail Gorbachev signed which
treaty at the White House in 1987? [188] _________________________________
128. What did Reagan urge Mikhail Gorbachev to do when he went to Berlin in 1987?
[189-90] _________________________________________________________
129—130. Who was the military commander of the U.S. forces in the Gulf War? [196]
_____________________________________
American military in the Gulf was a
response to the invasion by Saddam Hussein’s Iraq of which Middle Eastern neighbor?
[196] ______________________
131. The company founded by Californians Steven Jobs and Stephen Wozniak in the
mid-1970s. [205] _______________
132. In 1989, who was elected governor in Virginia, the first African-American to hold
that office in any state since Reconstruction? [209] _________________________
133—134. During the Clinton Presidency, the attorney general appointed a special
prosecutor to investigate which failed Arkansas real-estate investment that Clinton had
made while governor?
_____________________________
Who was the special
prosecutor? ______________________________________
135—136. These Congressional hearings were held from 1984 to 1986 to investigate
charges that the Reagan administration had secretly sold weapons to Iran in an effort both
to secure the release of American hostages in the Middle East and to raise money to
support opposition military forces in Nicaragua. ______________________________
Who was the lieutenant colonel who became the most famous witness in this case?
__________________________________________