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8th Grade Physical Science Class Notes Antonio Bravo 5/12/11 3 period Chapter 12 Rotation -axis rotation over 1 day -tilted about 23 degrees -results in... -day and night -2 high tides and 2 low tides -ocean circulation Revolution/Orbit -Elliptical over 1 year -results in - seasons, climate, and even weather - ocean circulation pattern Gravity,mass, and Distance -Gravity Attracts a lll subjects toward on another -If mass increases force Sent from my iPad Tessa Davis 5/12/11 the earth, moon and the sun: ch 12 Rotation -Axis of rotation over 1 day -tilted by about 23-degrees -results in... -day and night -2 high tides and 2 low tides -ocean circulation Revolution/orbit -elliptical over 1 year -results in.... -seasons, climate, and even weather -ocean circulation patterns Gravity,mass and distance -gravity attracts all objects toward one another -if mass increases, force also increases -if distance increases, force decreases Gravity and the moon's inertia - Newton concluded there are two forces keeping the planets in orbit: gravity and inertia Sent from my iPad Hannah Blevins 3/30/11 Chapter 14 The Solar System Main Idea -Unbalanced forces cause motion -What is the role of gravity in forming and maintaining the shapes of the planets, the stars, and the solar system? -The sun is one of thousands of suns in the Milky Way Galaxy -Suns Differ in size,color, and temperature -Astronomical units and light years both can be used to measure distance between planets -the stars are the source of all light in the solar system 100,000 A.U.=1 L.Y. Sent from my iPad Ch 14 3/30/11 Cali Vance Science 2` The Solar System Main Ideas -Unbalanced forces cause motion. -What is the role of gravity in forming and maintaining the shapes of the planets, the stars, and the solar system? -The sun is one of thousand of the sun in the Milky Way Galaxy. -Suns differ in size and color and temperature -Astronomical units and lights years both can be used to measure distance between planets -The stars are the source of all light in the solar system Kepler's Law -First law: planets move in ellipses -Second law: when planets get close to the sun they move faster -Third law: if you know how long it takes a planet to orbit the sun you can calculate its distance from the sun Sent from my iPad Nic Freiri 3/29/11 period 6 Ch. 13 Homeostasis; the ability of an organism to keep a stable internal environment regardless of the weather, ect. ie sweating & shivering. circulatory-blood & carrying Respiratory system- breathing& burring food. Integumentary system- skin& protection Muscular system - muscle & moment Endocrine system- Hormones & communication nervous system- nerves, sensing & responding Excretory- kidney Skeletal system movement, protection, calcium & phosphorous storage, Blood cell production Aly Dembry 3-16-11Chapter 11 Science Period 3 Pascal's Principle -When force is applied to a confined fluid, the change in pressure is transmitted equally in all directions to all parts of the fluid Bernoulli's Principle -As the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pressure exerted by that fluid decreases Chapter 11 What to Know -Predict if an object will float or sink -Unbalanced forces produce motion THE END Sent from my iPad Ryan Deng 3/16/11 2nd period Science Predicting Floating and Sinking - knowing that water is one you can predict if an object will float or sink - less than one will float, more than one will sink D=m/v - density will increase if Mass increases or Volume decreases - density will decrease if Mass decreases or Volume increases Buoyancy - the buoyant force acts in a direction opposite to gravity to make an object have less weight but the same mass - weight < buoyancy = floats - weight > buoyancy = sinks weight = buoyancy = hovers Archimedes' Principle - the buoyant force acting up on a submerged object is equal to the force of the weight of the volume of liquid the object displaces - when the weight of the water displaced by the object equals the buoyant force on the object, it will float Pascal's Principle - when force is applied to a confined fluid, the change in pressure is transmitted equally in all directions to all parts of the fluid Sent from my iPad Zane Marte Chapter 11 fluid mechanics period 3 3/15/2011 Fluid Pressure Gas or Liquid "In a fluid the molecules exert an equal pressure in all directions." We live at the bottom of 100km of fluid air which exerts a pressure of 14.7 pounds per square inch. This pressure is exerted equally in all directions: up and down and is said to be "balanced." Unbalanced forces produce motion Air pressure decreases with altitude. Liquid pressure increases with depth below surface. Air pressure is measured with a barometer. Liquid pressure is measured with a hydrometer. Density & Buoyant Force Density is mass/volume D=M/V; write circle formula on sheet if not there. Water is one: Density of water= 1g/cm3. One gram per cubic centimeter. Sent from my iPad 3-15-11. Fluid Pressure -Gas or Liquid -In a fluid the molecules exert an equal pressure in all directions -we live at the bottom of 100km of fluid air which exerts a pressure of 14.7 lbs/square inch -this pressure is exerted equally in all directions; up and down an dis said to be balanced -unbalanced forces produce motion Fluid Pressure Cont -Air pressure decreases with altitude -Liquid pressure increases with depth below surface -Air pressure is measured with a barometer -liquid pressure is measured with a hydrometer Density and Buoyancy -Density is mass/volume - D=M/V write circle formula on sheet if not there -Water is one; Density of water = 1g/cm3 -One gram per cubic centimeter Sent from my iPad Period 3 Cameron Korb 1-12-11 Velocity=D/T with direction Acceleration -Change in speed or direction is called direction -increase in speed is acceleration, decrease in speed is deceleration -an object can still be acceleration even if its speed is constant if it changes direction. For example the seats in a Ferris wheel are accelerating even though the speed may be constant because they are moving in a circular motion Acceleration Equation -So... Acceleration is change in velocity per unit of time. Heres the formula: -A=V1-V2/T1-T2=Meters/sec squared=M/sec squared -V1 is the initial velocity and V2 is the final -T1-T2 is the total time elapsed -T1-T2 is always positive (can't go back in time) -if V1-V2 is positive the object is acceleration -V1-V1 is negative the object is decelerating (note this is not how the book presents it Graphing Acceleration -if there is a curved line on a d-t graph the object is either accelerating or decelerating -smile=accelerating -frown=decelerating Sent from my iPad 1/11/11 Holly Saner P. 3 Average Speed Equation - Average speed = Total Distance/ total time. - Average S = total d/total t - Sa = Dt/Tt/ Dt= 32km + 13km= 45km - Tt = 2hr + 1hr = 3hr - S = 45km/3hr = 15km/hr Instantaneous Speed - The speed at which an object is moving at a particular point in time. Slope... -The slope of a d vs. t (d-t) graph is the rise over the run (y over x). - The slope of a d-t graph represents the speed. Vectors - A vector is a quantity that has both a magnitude and a direction. Example: 45 mph Northwest. Example l v o / o---> o o \ o Velocity - Velocity and speed are different! - Velocity is speed in a given direction. IMPORTANT; Changes in velocity may be due to change in speed, change in direction, or both! Sent from my iPad Period 2. Leilani Bellamy 1-11-11 instantaneous speed *The speed at which an object is moving at a particular point in time. Graphing speed ** look in your notes slope *the slope of a d vs. t (d-t) graph is the rise over the run. (y over x). *the slope of a d-t graph represents the speed. * a vector is a quantity that has both a magnitude and a direction. examplr 45 mph northwest. Velocity * velocity nag speed are different!!! * velocity is speed in a given direction *IMPORTANT : changes in velocity may be due to change in speed, change in direction , or both!!! Sent from my iPad 1/10/11 Holly Saner Science Notes: Ch. 9; Motion & Energy Position & Motion - An object's position is defined by a reference point and a reference direction. - A reference point is something used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion, - An object is in motion if the object changes position relative to a reference point. - Reference direction is N, S, E, W, etc. Distance - Distance is the length of a path between two points. Displacement - Displacement is the length and direction an object has moved from its starting point. Don't confuse distance with Displacement. Speed - An object's speed is the distance it travels in a given amount of time. - Equation; Speed = distance/time - S = d/t Sent from my iPad 1/10/11 Science Notes: CH. 9; Motion and Energy Position and Motion - An object's position is defined by a reference point and a reference direction. -A reference point is something used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion. - An object is in motion if the object changes position relative to a reference point. - Reference direction is N, S, E, W, ect. Distance - Distance is the length of a path between two points. Displacement - Displacement is the length and direction an object has moved from it;s starting point. - Don't confuse distance and displacement! Speed - An objects speed is the distance it travels in a given amount of time. - Equation; Speed = Distance / time. - Or S= d/t Average speed Equation - In most real world situations, speed is not constant but changes, requiring several calculations. - Average speed = Total distance/ Total time. -Average S= total d/ total t. -S subscript a= D subscript t/ T subscript t. - D sub t= 32km= 13km = 45km -T sub t= 2hr = 1hr = 3hr - S = 45km/ 3hr= 15km/hr. From, Serena Sent from my iPad