Download Section 1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere

Second Semester Exam Review
General guidelines for studying: Review old tests, quizzes, vocabulary, lecture and class notes. Pick one or two
topics to review thoroughly each night. Have someone review with you, asking you questions. Attend help nights
and ASCENDO review sessions!
Chapter 15
Section 1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere
 Figure 1 Composition of the Atmosphere
 Atmospheric Pressure and temperature
 Figure 3 Layers of the Atmosphere
o Heating and cooling trends
o Density and pressure
o Ozone
 Ionosphere (Northern and Southern Lights)
Section 2 Heating of the Atmosphere
 Energy transfer throughout the Atmosphere
o Convection, conduction, radiation
o Figure 8 page 398
o Figure 9 page 399
 Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
Section 3 Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
 Why Air Moves
o Wind Belts
o Figure 14
o Pressure differences within the Atmosphere
 Coriolis Effect
 Types of Winds
o Figure 16 page 404
o Trade winds, Doldrums, Horse Latitudes, Westerlies, Polar Easterlies
o Jet Stream
o Local Winds
 Figures 19 and 20 pages 406-407
Chapter 16
Section 1 Water in the Air
 Water Cycle Figure 1 page 422
 Humidity versus Relative Humidity
o Figure 3 page 423
o Water vapor versus temperature and Measuring relative humidity
o Chart on humidity page 424
o Condensation, evaporation, and dew point
 Clouds
o Types
 Cumulus, Stratus, Cirrus
 Strato (Low clouds), Alto (middle clouds), Cirro (high clouds)
 Be able to identify weather associated with the various cloud types and which types
of clouds are associated with the different fronts.
 Figure 8 page 427
Section 2 Air Masses and Fronts
 Air masses are large bodies of air with similar temperature and moisture throughout.
o Figure 14 page 430 (source regions)
o Cold versus warm air masses
 Fronts
o Cold, Warm, Occluded, and Stationary
o Weather associated with each type of frontal boundary
o Weather that typically follows each front
o Cloud types associated with each front
o Weather map symbols associated with each front.
o Pressures associated with each type of air mass
Section 4 Forecasting the Weather
 Instruments associated with recording/measuring weather
 Isobars and pressure (high versus low pressure systems)
 Reading a weather map and station model and prediction weather based on the models
Chapter 19 Formation of the Solar System
Seasons (solar motion models)
 Describing a Star’s position page 492
 Summer and Winter solstice
 Spring and summer equinox
 Direct versus indirect suns rays and seasons/Earth’s Tilt
 Distance between the Earth and Sun (perihelion and aphelion)
Section 1 A Solar System is born.
 The Solar Nebula Hypothesis
o Forces at work
o Planetesimals to Planets (pg 512-513)
o Birth of a Star (protostar to star)
o Formation of the gas planets
o Planetary Motion
 Orbits in a flat plane orbiting in the same direction (Prograde)
 Rotation versus Revolution
 Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
 Universal Law of Gravitation
Section 2 The Sun
 Structure of the Sun (Paper cutout)
 Figure 9 page 519
 Energy production in the sun (past versus present theories)
 Nuclear fusion
 Surface activity on the Sun pg 522-523
Earth Takes Shape (Birth of the Earth)
 Earth’s First Atmospheres
 Time line for the formation of earth (Oceans and continents)
 How life first appeared on Earth and what happened in Earth’s development to allow for this.
Characteristics of Life
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Characteristics of all living things
Needs of all living things
Disproving spontaneous generation
Cell Theory (all 3 parts)
Three basic types of cells
o Prokaryotic
o Eukaryotic
 Plant
 Animal
o Structure of function of organelles associated with each type of cell
o Differences in plant and animal cells
o Know where photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur and their main purpose
How cells divide
o Sexual reproduction
 Mitosis
 Understand what chromosomes are and how genetic material is
transferred from parent to offspring.
 Punnette Squares
 Dominant and Recessive genes
o Asexual reproduction
 Budding
 Fission
Chapter 20 Earth Moon Sun
The size and Scale of the Universe ( pg 493-495)
The Nine Planets 20.1
 Order
 Basic descriptions of each
 Asteroid Belt
The moons 15.2
 Phases of the moon
 Solar and Lunar Eclipses
 Origin of the Moon (pg 550)