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Biology Study Guide What are the four statements of the cell theory? What are some characteristics of living things? Label the microscope and know what the function of each part is. Label the animal cell and know the function of each part Part Function Nucleus Cell membrane Chromatin Nucleolus Ribosomes cytoplasm Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondrion Golgi apparatus vacuoles lysosomes Know how to calculate the magnification of an image Be able to explain how to focus a microscope properly Why is cell division important? Be able to explain the cell cycle (Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis) What is cancer? Know examples of specialized cells and their function Understand the hierarchical order from cell to tissues to organs to organ systems to organism (be able to provide an example of this) Know what the terms cell, tissue, organ, organ systems mean Know the four main types of animal tissue and their functions Know the primary function of a variety of organs and structures within the human body Know the primary organs and functions for a variety of different organ systems Be able to explain how different organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis. Diagrams: be able to label or identify – digestive system, respiratory system, frog Chemistry Unit Test Study Guide □ □ □ □ What type of ions do metals form? How? What type of ions do non-metals form? How? Know how to determine the ionic charge and ionic symbol. What charge do Group 1 (Alkali metals) form? What charge do Group 2 (Alkaline earth metals) form? What charge do Group 16 elements form? What charge do Group 17 (Halogens) form? □ What do the terms reactant and product mean? □ Be able to determine reactants and products from different types and forms of chemical and word equations. Write reactant next to each substance that is a reactant. Write product next to each substance that is a product. 4HCl + MnO2 → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2 Chlorine _________________________ Manganese chloride ________________ Manganese dioxide ________________________ Water ______________________ Hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride) _______________________________ □ Know how to draw the Bohr-Rutherford diagram from neutral atoms, as well as, ions. Will this element gain What will be the ionic Draw the BohrElement Draw the Bohrcharge? Rutherford Diagram of or lose electrons? Rutherford Diagram the Atom of the Ion Aluminum - 27 Sulfur - 32 □ Know the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the first (____), second (____) and third (____) orbitals Know how to count atoms □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ Know common properties of acids Know common properties of bases What the pH scale Examples of substances which are acids Examples of substances which are bases What is neutral pH? ________ Example What is the Law of Conservation of Mass? Know what the symbols in an equation mean: + , →, (s), (l), (g), (aq) What is the difference between a chemical and physical change What 3 things indicate that a physical change has occurred? What 5 things indicate that a chemical change has occurred? Example of a physical change Example of a chemical change Be able to identify reactions as being: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, or double displacement. 1. 2SO2 + O2 → 2SO3 _____________________________________ 2. Al2(SO4)3 + 3Ca(OH)2 → 2Al(OH)3 + 3CaSO4 ________________________________ 3. 2C2H2 + 5O2 → 4CO2 + 2H2O ____________________________________ 4. Mg + 2AgNO3 → Mg(NO3)2 + 2Ag ________________________________ 5. 3Ba(NO3)2 + 2H3PO4 → Ba3(PO4)2 + 6HNO3 ________________________________ 6. Mg(ClO3)2 → MgCl2 + 3O2 _____________________________________ Know how to balance chemical equations ____ Al + ____ S8 → ____ Al2S3 Elements (or Polyatomic Groups) Reactants Products ____ KClO3 → ____ KCl + ____ O2 Elements (or Polyatomic Groups) Reactants Products □ ____ AlCl3 + ____ Na2CO3 → ____ Al2(CO3)3 + ____ NaCl Elements (or Polyatomic Groups) Reactants Products □ Know how to name and determine the chemical formula for ionic compounds (including multivalent metals) □ Know how to name and determine the chemical formula for polyatomic compounds (including multivalent metals) □ Know how to name and determine the chemical formula for molecular compounds □ Fill in the following chart for the ionic compounds. Name Formula Sodium iodide K2O Magnesium nitride CaS □ Fill in the following chart for the polyatomic compounds. Name Formula Iron (III) carbonate KNO3 Magnesium hydroxide □ Fill in the following chart for the molecular compounds. Name Formula S3F7 SiN5 Dinitrogen tetroxide Study Guide for Climate Change Be able to define or explain each of the following: conduction, thermal energy, weather, climate, radiation, convection, greenhouse gases, carbon footprint, albedo, natural greenhouse effect, anthropogenic greenhouse effect, thermal expansion, biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and net radiation budget Know how to read climatographs, know what information climatographs provide What is thermal energy and how is it transferred? o What are the three different ways thermal energy is transferred? Know descriptions of terms and examples Know the differences between climate and weather What are the natural greenhouse gases? What is the natural greenhouse effect? What are the anthropogenic greenhouse gases? What is the anthropogenic greenhouse effect? Know the general effects climate change has on the atmosphere, hydrosphere and its impact on society Study Guide for Optics Know the definitions (how they work) and some examples for the sources of light, for the following sources of light: bioluminescence, Fluorescent, Chemiluminescent, Phosphorescent, electric discharge Know the seven electromagnetic waves (radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma rays) and examples of them How does light interact with an opaque object, a translucent object and/or a transparent object? Define absorb, reflect and transmits Which electromagnetic wave has the highest energy? frequency? Which electromagnetic wave has the lowest energy? frequency? Which electromagnetic wave has the shortest wavelength? longest wavelength? Should be able to identify the following features: mirror, incident ray, reflected ray, angle of incidence, angle of reflection, the normal, principle axis, vertex, focal point and centre of curvature Should be able to use a protractor to measure angles and a ruler to draw straight lines and measure length Draw the normal, reflected ray and measure the angle of incidence and angle of reflection in the diagram below: Define normal, focal point: What is the law of reflection? What are the primary additive colours of light? What are the primary subtractive colours of light? Red light + blue light = ______________________________ Green light + red light = _____________________________ Green light + blue light = ____________________________ Green light + blue light + red light = ____________________________ ABSORBS REFLECTS/TRANSMITS Magenta Cyan Yellow Green Blue Red White Black When all three primary subtractive pigments are mixed together, you would observe? In the diagrams below, several sheets of paper are illuminated by different primary colors of light (R for red, B for blue, and G for green). Indicate what primary colors of light will be absorbed and the appearance of the sheet of paper. Picture Which colour(s) were absorbed? Which colour does the sheet of paper appear to be? If white light were to pass through a magenta and yellow filter, what colour would be observed? Explain. Red Blue Green M a g e n t a ? ? Y e l l o w ? What does each letter of SALT stand for? Be able to describe the characteristics of an image in a plane mirror. Be able to complete the ray diagram and describe the characteristics of an image formed in a concave mirror o Complete the following: S A L T S A L T What is refraction? What affects refraction? Be able to complete ray diagrams for convex lenses and complete SALT. S A L T S A L T
