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CLASS COPY!!! CLASS COPY!!! CLASS COPY!!! CLASS COPY!!! HR STAR DIAGRAM OBJECTIVE: Compare a stars color, temperature, brightness, and size to its spectral class. PURPOSE: Plot stars according to brightness and temperature to create an HR diagram. PROCEDURES: 1. Study the star data table on the back. 2. The sun, used as a standard brightness, is given a value of 1. The brightness given for every other star shows how it compares with the sun. 3. Plot the data on the graph using correct colors. This will create an HR diagram. 4. Stars will be plotted by their surface temperatures: 0º- 3,500oC will be plotted in light red. 3,501º-5,000oC will be plotted as orange. 5,001º- 6,000oC will be plotted as yellow. 6,001º- 7,500oC will be plotted as light blue. 7,501º - 40,000oC will be plotted as dark blue. 5. Look for patterns in your graph. Compare it to the HR diagram in your textbook, page 132. 6. Label the main sequence, the giants, the supergiants, and the white dwarfs. QUESTIONS: Answer all questions in complete sentences in your notebook. 1. What is the general relationship between temperature and star brightness? 2. What relationship do you see between star color and star temperature? 3. How does the sun compare to the other stars on the main sequence? 4. What star class does our sun belong to? 5. What color is a star in class B? 6. What is the temperature of a class O star? Spectral Class Approximate Brightness / Temperature, oC Luminosity Sun 5,300 1 Alpha Centauri A 5,500 1.3 Alpha Centauri B 3,900 0.36 Barnard's Star 2,500 0.0004 Lalande 21185 2,900 0.005 Sirius A 10,100 23 Sirius B 10,400 0.0008 Ross 248 2,400 0.0001 61 Cyngi A 3,900 0.08 100 61 Cyngi B 3,600 0.04 50 Procyon A 6,200 Procyon B 7,100 7.6 0.0005 10 Episilon Indi 3,900 0.13 Canopus 7,100 1,500 Arcturus 4,200 90 Vega 10,400 60 Capella 5,600 150 Rigel 11,500 40,000 Betelgeuse 2,900 17,000 Achenar 14,000 200 Beta Centauri 21,000 3,300 Altair 7,700 10 Aldebaran 3,900 90 Spica 21,000 1,900 Antares 3,100 4,400 0.0005 Deneb 9,900 40,000 Beta Crucis 22,000 6,000 0.0001 0 STAR NAME (A star's spectral class is determined by the elements it absorbs and its temperature) very bright very dim O B A F G K M 40,000 20,000 10,000 7,000 6,000 4,500 3,000 50,000 10,000 5,000 1,000 500 L u m i n o s i t y 5 1 0.5 0.1 0.05 0.01 0.005 0.001 2,000