Download Abu Dhabi Education Council - baniyas international private school

United Arab Emirates
Abu Dhabi Education Council
Abu Dhabi Educational Office
Baniyas International Private School
‫دولة اإلمارات العربية المتحدة‬
‫مجلس أبوظبي للتعليم‬
‫مكتب أبوظبي التعليمية‬
‫مدرسة بني ياس الدولية الخاصة‬
Science Learning Community
Trimester: 1st, 2nd, 3rd
Grade/Section: 9B
Summery sheet No: Unit 1
Name: ___________________________________________________________ Date: _________________________________
Fit and healthy
Functions of skeleton:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Protect internal organs.
Strong support for the whole body
Anchor muscles
Make new Red and White blood cells
Joint: The place where two bones meet together is called joint.
Cartilage: Ends of the bones covered with slippery, flexible material which helps for smooth
movement.
Ligament: It holds two bones together.
Tendons: Muscles connected to the bones with the help of tendons.
Spinal cord: composed of small bones called vertebrae.
Aim for excellence, work as a team to achieve it.
Muscles
1. Muscles are made of special cells that can contract and relax.
2. Contracting a muscle uses energy. This energy comes from the respiration in muscle cells
or cellular respiration.
3. Muscles are attached to the bones by strong tendons.
4. A pair of muscles BICEPS and TRICEPS work together to move a joint is called
Antagonistic pair of muscles.
5. Osteoarthritis is bone related disease in which cartilage breaks down.
Respiration reminder:
 Glucose+Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide + Water
Functions of the following types of muscles:
1. Heart muscle pushes blood
2. Muscles in the digestive system push food.
3. Muscles attached to the bones helps to move.
Eating well
Malnutrition
Deficiency disease
Not eating enough food or not
getting enough energy.
Occurs when the body does
not get enough of a particular
nutrient in food.
Balanced diet
Eating food that contains all
the nutrients in the correct
proportions.
Ex: Anemia , Rickets ,
Kwashiorkor
Fiber:
 It is tough indigestible material found in plant foods.
 Fiber helps to hold water in undigested food passing along the intestine.
 Lack of fiber causes Bowel cancer and constipation.
Aim for excellence, work as a team to achieve it.
 The following table shows major nutrient in food and its use in our body
Nutrient
Use
Carbohydrates
To provide energy
Proteins
To grow new bones and
muscle tissues
Fats
For new cells and insulation
Minerals
To make blood and for strong
bones and teeth
Vitamins
To help cells work
Fiber
For smooth bowel movement
 The below table shows effects of lack of particular nutrient on health.
The nutrient which lacks in
food
Deficiency disease
Effect on health

Proteins

Kwashiorkor

Poor growth

Iron

Anemia

Tires and look pale

Calcium or Vitamin D

Rickets

Weak bones

Vitamin C

Scurvy

Bruise easily
Unhealthy hearts
Circulation problems:
1. High blood pressure: The heart muscle have to work harder than normal.
2. Atheroma: Eating more fat laid down in the arteries.
3. Coronoray thrombosis: The blood clot in the blood vessel supplying to the heart.
Effects of life style on the heart:
 Smoking: Carbon monoxide replaces oxygen, Nicotine increase blood pressure.
 Diet: Eating more fat and sugar causes Atheroma
 Stress: Narrows blood vessels increasing blood pressure.
Aim for excellence, work as a team to achieve it.
SMOKING
Effects of smoking:
1. Hot gases from cigarette smoke damages the ciliated cells in trachea , so cells no longer
moves mucus and blocks the lungs and traps microbes and causes diseases.
2. Hot gas4es and substances in the smoke kills the cells in the alveoli so less oxygen gets
into the blood supply
3. Tar and in cigarette cause cancer .
4. Carbon monoxide and nicotine damage the heart.
5. Smoking in pregnancy causes still born or premature births.
6. Nicotine is addictive: difficult for a smoker to give up smoking.
Scientific names for the following:
 Wind pipe: Trachea
 Air sacs: Alveoli
 Voice box: Larynx
Alcohol and drugs
Drug: Any substance that changes the way the body works physically , mentally and
emotionally.
1. Caffeine is found in tea or coffee, it is a stimulant.
2. Cocaine, Heroin, Nicotine in cigarette smoke are addictive.
3. Alcohol effects the nervous system.
4. Alcohol damage liver
Prescribed drugs
Legal recreational drugs
Illegal recreational drugs
Penicillin
Caffeine
Cocaine , Heroin
Aspirin
Nicotine
Cannabis and ecstasy
Aim for excellence, work as a team to achieve it.
Aim for excellence, work as a team to achieve it.