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Chemistry Review 1. Matter – anything that occupies space and has mass (everything) 2. Mass – quantity of matter (doesn’t depend on gravity) 3. Element – pure substance/ can’t be broken down 4. 3 states of matter – solid, liquid, gas 5. Common elements of life (90%) C, H, O, N 6. 3 parts of atom – proton +, neutron, electron – 7. 1st energy level – 2 electrons 8. 2nd energy level – 8 electrons 9. Number of protons – different for each element 10. Number of neutrons – varies/ isotopes 11. atomic # (# protons) symbol atomic mass (avg. # neutrons + protons) 12. Compound – 2 or more elements 13. Why atoms form chemical bonds – fill outer energy level Noble gases CO2 C – 4 outer electrons to offer O – 6 outer (needs 2) CO2 – each oxygen receives 2 outer electrons 14. Ionic bond – gain or lose electrons + or – charge 15. Compounds in solution – separate into ions (elements with a charge) 16. Covalent bond – share electrons 17. Chemical equation – How much of each atom of each element combine 18. Enzymes a. Catalyst in a living system b. Most are proteins c. Enzymes fit with substrates (substance being catalyzed) d. Weakens chemical bonds/ decreases energy needed for chem. Reactions e. Enzyme unchanged/ can be used many times f. Enzymes require a stable temp and pH