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The Early Battles of the War (1861-1862) How did each side’s resources and strategies affect the early battles of war? Advantages of the Union 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. j More People More Industry = More Production More Money to go around No Slaves, Free Blacks want to fight Better Navy Strategies of the Union Blockade- Ships that stop anything from coming in or out Advantages of the Confederacy 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Home Field Advantage- Know the Land Reason to Fight, Being Invaded Protecting their Rights Better tactics, Better Military Leaders Better Men ready to fight Strategies of the Confederacy Robert E. Lee- Fight a Defensive War, Protect Richmond, Let the War come to the South Anaconda Plan1. Blockade the south using superior navy, cut off supplies and trade from coming in or out 2. Cut the south in two using the Mississippi River 3. Capture the Capital Richmond, VA Border States- Fighting will take place there, Join the Confederacy to prevent it Foreign Support- 2/3rds of the Worlds Cotton comes from the South; Other Countries should help the South Win. (England and France New Technologies of the Civil War Technologies Mini Ball- Grooved Bullet, Improved Accuracy and Decreased Loading Time, Kill rate rose as a result Railroad- Lincoln put the Unions lines under government control, used it to resupply and redeploy the Union Forces effectively The Repeating Rifle- Multi-shot riffle, now could shoot multiple times per cartridge load Telegraph- Lincoln used it to stay in instant communication with his generals, could give direct commands to them as a result Postal Service- Soldiers used it on both sides to send letters home, without censorships it allowed civilians to read about the horrible descriptions of war Trench Warfare- Developed as a result of defensive campaigns, revolutionized war strategies Photography- Was used by reporters to take photos of the death and carnage on battlefields aftermath, changed civilians outlook on war Cannons- Now more accurate at longer distances For the first time in history two ironclad ships battled. The battle lasted for about 4 hours. Neither side won the battle. The Confederate ironclad was an old wooden ship called the Merrimac which had been rebuilt with iron all around the boat then renamed the Virginia. The Merrimac had sunk several Union ships in the past months. The North decided to build an ironclad ship to fight it. The Northern ship was called the Monitor. Ironclads Clash Monitor v. Merrimac – March 1862 First time two iron ships fought. Changed Naval Warfare forever, from now on wooden ships would be obsolete and naval vessels will be made entirely of iron. As a result bigger and better weapons would be developed to destroy them. The American Civil War has been called the last of the ancient wars and the first of the modern wars. It was a war which introduced the first metallic rifle and pistol cartridges, the first repeating rifles and carbines, the first ironclad ships, and many other inventions which herald a change in warfare. But the military still relied on the old tried and trusted means of smoothbore muskets, paper cartridges, and troops marching in military precision across the battlefield towards the enemy. More innovations and experimentation took place \ the Civil War than during all other previous wars combined. during What effects would new technologies have on the humanity of war? Who has the advantage in technology and mass production, would that have an effect on the war and why? More Death the previously seen in war The North, they have more of everything and can coordinate and organize it better, it gives the Union the advantage in the long term Ulysses S. Grant Union General in the West on the Mississippi Aggressive, wanted to win at all cost. Unconditional Surrender "No terms except unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted. I propose to move immediately upon your works." Shiloh Tennessee, April 1862 After Grant had captured several forts in Tennessee his armies moved south toward Mississippi. The Confederate Army lead by General Albert Sidney Johnston, met Grant at Shiloh, Tennessee. Grant had not expected the attack which started while the Yankee soldiers were cooking their breakfast. At first Grant seemed to be losing. Then more Northern troops arrived and Grant defeated the Southerners. Results of Shiloh Two days of fighting = 25,000 dead, Union Victory The War for the Mississippi Union Forces Capture New Orleans; April 25– May 1, 1862 Why was the loss of New Orleans so devastating to the Confederacy? Following the passage of forts Jackson and St. Philip, near the mouth of the Mississippi River, on April 24, 1862, the Union occupation of New Orleans was inevitable. The city surrendered on April 28. On May 1, the Union army began landing at New Orleans and occupying the city. New Orleans, considered an international city and the largest city in the Confederacy, had fallen. The Union occupation of New Orleans was an event that had major international significance. Major port city of the C.S.A. Controlled economic commerce for the country Without it Confederacy will struggle to get the resources they need to support their economy The Peninsula Campaign Yorktown to Richmond; June 1862 - McClellan pressured by Lincoln to capture Richmond causes him to move on the “Peninsula” - Not given forces he needed in order to protect D.C. - McClellan proceeds cautiously in a series of battles known as the Seven Days - Lee uses the time to fortify Richmond against attack - Union forces stalled at the Battle of Seven Pines - McClellan abandons his attack on Richmond and retreats to Washington D.C. Why did Lincoln and McClellan clash in early 1862? How did this affect the outcome of the Peninsula Campaign? Lincoln wanted to end the war fast Basic Military References McClellan was cautious especially when attacking on foreign soil McClellan did not commit fully to the plan of attacking resulted in Union Loss Which side do you think had the best long-term chances for victory at the start of the Civil War? Why?