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國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 基礎生物力學期末考試卷
Multiple-Choice (100%):
Each of the following questions has four choices marked (a), (b), (c), and (d), but there is only ONE
correct answer. Please decide which one is the closest correct answer. Then, write down the
corresponding letter on your answer sheet.
1. Which of the following postures would be less harmful to the low back muscles when
you lift a heavy object?
a. bending from the waist with straight legs
b. bending from the waist with straight legs and pushing the hips backward
c. bending from the knees with straight back
d. bending from the knees with straight back and pushing the hips backward
2. When you stand on a force platform and hold a 2-kg ball, what would be the change in
measurement of the center of pressure one minute after you release the ball without
external effort and still stand still?
Assume that the ball does not hit the force platform.
a. The center of pressure shifts further forward.
b. The center of pressure keeps in the same position.
c. The center of pressure shifts backward.
d. cannot tell because the information is insufficient.
(Please write down the
information you want to know if you select this answer.)
3. During quiet stance, the body sways back and forth in the anteroposterior position.
When the body leans forward, the COP pressure will shift _____ the center of gravity in
order to prevent forward falling.
a. ahead
b. the same as
c. behind
4. In question 3, which muscle would be activated in response to this action?
a. tibialis anterior
b. tibialis posterior
c. quadriceps
d. gastrocnemius
5. In question 3, which direction of the angular acceleration would the body experience?
a. dorsiflexion
b. plantarflexion
c. forward
d. backward
6. The time rate of change of the _____ vector is the acceleration.
a. displacement
b. speed
c. velocity
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d. jerk
國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 基礎生物力學期末考試卷
7. Which of the following conditions has the greatest angular momentum?
a. condition c
b. condition d
c. condition e
d. all of those conditions have the same angular momentum
8. Which of the following conditions may NOT change the momentum of the motion?
a. to stretch out both arms after 6-hour typing in front of the computer
b. to pull one knee toward the trunk at the moment of take-off during running
c. to make a firm fist (握拳) as the hand is closed
d. to rotate the body to the right before throwing a ball
9. According to the impulse-momentum relationship (Ft = mv), which of the following
statements is NOT TRUE?
a. A heavier tennis racket (網球拍) will strike a tennis ball with greater momentum and
cause a greater change in momentum in the tennis ball than a lighter racket.
b. Running at the same velocity, the person with a greater body weight will experience a
higher force on his heel than the one with less weight.
c. Landing on a soft surface will receive a less pressure on the heel than on a hard
surface, giving the same jumping velocity
d. Catching a fast moving baseball with the arm extended and abducted will generate
less torque at the shoulder joint
10. Depending on the nature of force application, pushing and pulling patterns of motion are
divided into three subgroups: momentary contact, projection, and continuous application.
Which of the following movements is categorized in projection?
a. throwing a basketball to the basket
b. lifting a weight from the floor
c. passing a volleyball to the opponent
d. pushing a cabinet across the room
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 基礎生物力學期末考試卷
11. What effect does the shear component of a muscle force exert on a body segment?
a. compression
b. rotation
c. co-contraction
d. torsion
12. Assume that the line of gravity passes through the rotation center of the elbow joint.
Co-contraction of the elbow flexors and extensors result in the resultant moment ____
zero but the resultant muscle force _____ zero.
a. equal to, equal to
b. equal to, not equal to
b. not equal to, equal to
d. not equal to, not equal to
13. In terms of equilibrium during any self-perturbed stance, which of the following
conditions is NOT necessary to be met?
a. The sum of all the forces acting on the body muscle be zero.
b. The sum of all the rotary moments must be zero.
c. The sum of all the moment of inertia must be zero.
d. The sum of all the rotary torques must be zero.
14. Assume that the knee joint travels from full extension to 90 of flexion, then to full
extension again during a pedal cycle. What would be the angular velocity of the knee
joint as the pedal speed is 60/sec
a. 30/sec
b. 60/sec
c. 90/sec
d. 120/sec
15. In the tandem position the _____ muscles are dominant in M/L balance while ____
muscles dominant for the A/P balance?
a. ankle, ankle
b. ankle, hip
c. hip, ankle
d. hip, hip
16. In the side-by-side position the _____ muscles are dominant in M/L balance while ____
muscles dominant for the A/P balance?
a. ankle, ankle
b. ankle, hip
c. hip, ankle
d. hip, hip
17. In the anteroposterior direction, both ankle and hip strategies have been described for
controlling the body sway.
_____ strategy applies in quiet stance and during small
perturbation.
a. Ankle
b. Hip
c. Both
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d. Either
國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 基礎生物力學期末考試卷
18. When a body is free in water, movement of right arm in one direction results in
movement of the rest of the body in the _____ direction.
a. same
b. opposite
c. any
d. one specific
19. The drag on a body in any fluid increases approximately with the _____.
a. the square of the body cross-sectional area
b. the body cross-sectional area
c. the square of the velocity
d. the velocity
20. By comparing swimming with walking, which of the following statements is NOT
TRUE?
a. The body concerns with the buoyancy during swimming while the body concerns the
line of gravity during walking.
b. The body should be kept and moved in the horizontal position during swimming
while it should be kept and moved in the vertical position during walking.
c. The speed of swimming depends on the stroke length while that of walking depends
on the stride length.
d. The water resistance affects on the speed of swimming while the air resistance affects
on the speed of walking.
21. _____ is the resistance of the water behind the body.
a. turbulence
b. wave drag
c. surface drag
d. form drag
22. Too much downward force at the beginning of the stroke will result in the canoe _____.
a. lifting
b. depressing
c. turning to right
d. turning to left
23. Which of the following statements is NOT the characteristics of kayak?
a. The kayak rides lower in the water than the boat or the canoe.
b. The kayak has a covered deck.
c. The kayak uses a double-bladed paddle.
d. The kayak is wider in mediolateral size than the others.
24. Locomotion in human beings is defined as the act of moving the body from place to
place. Which of the following conditions is NOT one form of locomotion?
a. running
b. crutch walking
c. wheelchair propelling
d. throwing a ball
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 基礎生物力學期末考試卷
25. According to EMG studies, the tibialis anterior becomes active in the early period of the
stance phase (from heel strike to foot flat). This muscle action is more likely to _____.
a. counterbalance the contraction of the plantarflexor by co-contraction
b. lower down the foot at a controlled speed by eccentric contraction
c. slap the foot against the ground by concentric contraction
d. provide sufficient clearance between the foot and the ground
26. Considering walking with bilateral crutches (腋下柺杖), which of the following
biomechanical advantages would be expected in terms of improvement in stability?
a. to improve the control of the center of pressure
b. to recruit the involvement of arm muscles
c. to increase the base of support
d. to lower down the center of mass
27. By comparing race walking and running, which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. There is a double swing phase in running but not in race walking.
b. There is a double support phase in running but not in race walking.
c. There is a propulsive phase in running but not in race walking.
d. There is a heel contact phase in running but not in race walking.
28. By comparing sprint and jogging, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
a. Both sprint and jogging are categorized in running because they both have a double
swing phase.
b. In both sprint and jogging, the vertical movement of the center of mass must be
reduced to a minimum.
c. In both sprint and jogging, the toes should first stike the ground instead of the heel in
order to get the maximum horizontal velocity.
d. In both sprint and jogging, the force required to overcome inertia of the body is
greatest at take-off .
29. During sprint racing, the runner uses the starting block (起跑架) that are fixed to the
track surface to help the running start.
The purpose of using such kind of starting
blocks is
a. to overcome the moment of inertia of the body by changing the body surface area.
b. to prevent forward falling by raising the center of gravity .
c. to guide the running direction
d. to provide a surface against which the foot can push horizontally to create maximum
strength of the ankle plantarflexor.
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 基礎生物力學期末考試卷
30. According to the Luttgens and Hamilton’s book, the definition of hopping is that
a. the same foot is used for the take-off and landing
b. both feet are used for the take-off and landing
c. the take-off is from one foot and the landing on the other
d. the take-off is from one foot and the landing on both feet
31. The angle of projection determines the path of the center of mass in space during
jumping. The optimum angle of projection for a long jump (跳遠) is _____ that for the
high jump (跳高) in order to get the maximum horizontal distance.
a. smaller than
b. equal to
c. greater than
d. doesn’t matter
32. The gear ratio of the bicycle determines the speed at which the bicycle travels.
A
bicycle in the smallest rear gear undergoes a single pedal revolution to travel a _____
distance, but requires _____ efforts (forces), than that in the biggest rear gear does.
a. longer, less
b. longer, greater
c. shorter, less
d. shorter, greater
33. Increased velocity in bicycling produces increased air resistance (drag) acting against the
body. Which of the following strategies a cyclist (自行車選手) might use to reduce the
drag during bicycling racing?
a. to lower down the body
b. to raise the handbar position
c. to wear a shinny helmet
d. to increase the duration of the power phase
34. When standing on a bus and facing the direction of bus moving, the person tends to be
thrown backward during sudden acceleration. Which of the following muscles will
response to this postural changes in order to regain balance?
a. gluteus medius
b. hip adductors
c. gastrocnemius
d. tibialis anterior
35. Same condition as Question 34, the muscle that response such a postural change
contracts _____ in order to keep _____ within the base of support.
a. eccentrically, the body
b. eccentrically, the center of gravity
c. concentrically, the body
d. concentrically, the center of gravity
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 基礎生物力學期末考試卷
36. Same condition as Question 34, such response is one example of Newton’s _____ law of
motion.
a. first (law of inertia)
b. second (law of acceleration)
c. third (action and reaction)
d. none of the above
37. Which of the following systems is NOT necessary in terms of maintaining balance?
a. vestibular system
b. auditory system
c. vision
d. proprioception
38. Concerning with the inverted pendulum model of stance, which of the following
statements is NOT TRUE?
a. Only ankle moment is considered in this model.
b. It states that the body sways like a pendulum pivoting around the hip, knee, and ankle
joints during quiet stance.
c. The center of pressure shifts further ahead or behind the center of gravity in order to
prevent forward or backward falling.
d. The difference between the center of pressure and the center of gravity is linear to the
angular acceleration of the inverted pendulum.
39. By comparing the military posture of “at ease” (稍息) with that of “attention”(立正),
which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
a. The center of gravity is closer to the geometric center of the base of support for the “at
ease” stance than the “ attention” stance.
b. The base of support is wider in the mediolateral direction for the “at ease” stance than
the “attention” stance.
c. The postural sway in the mediolateral direction is greater for the “at ease” stance than
in the “attention” stance.
d. The “at ease” posture is more stable than the “attention” posture.
40. As a gymnast (體操選手) on a balance beam (平衡木) quickly squats (蹲) to regain his
balance, what could be his biomechanical strategies?
a. to increase momentum by changing momentary body mass
b. to increase impact by changing the motion direction
c. to decrease the moment of inertia by changing the location of the center of mass
d. to decrease base of support by changing body configuration
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