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Unit 7: Earth
The Universe & Stars
Name _______________________________________________
Date ________________ Period _______ Assignment 56
Notes
 Stars are giant balls of burning ___________
 Stars produce energy via nuclear reactions = fusion of _______________  ________________…form elements!
 Stars are classified by: 1.
2.
3.
4.
Temperature
 All stars are extremely hot, but some are hotter than others
 Coolest = ________________ °F
 Hottest = more than ________________ °F
Color
Brightness
 Stars can be very bright, but they may not look bright because they are SO far away
 The brightness of a star from Earth is called ________________________________
 The actual brightness of a star is called ________________________________
 The sun is an _______________ star = ______________, medium-temperature, & medium-size
Checkout
1. Which statement is not true?
a. Stars differ in size.
c. Stars differ in color and brightness
b. Stars differ in temperature. d. Stars differ in how they produce energy.
2. A star’s color is related to its
a. size.
b. temperature.
c. distance from the earth.
d. name.
3. List the following stars in order from coolest to hottest.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Star A, Star B, Star C
Star B, Star C, Star A
Star B, Star A, Star C
Star C, Star B, Star A
Pre-Questions
1. What is being measured on the y-axis? What does this mean?
2. What is being measured on the x-axis? Do you notice anything about the numbers on the x-axis?
Graphing
Instructions: Plot each star in the Data Table below onto the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. Use Temperature for the x-axis
and Luminosity for the y-axis. Use the appropriate size and color when drawing each star.
Post-Questions
1. Most of the stars fall into a band in the center called the _________________ _______________________
2. The large red stars in the top right corner are called the ______________ _____________________
3. The small white stars at the center are called _________________ _________________
Challenge Questions
1. If you know a star is small and red, what else is probably true about it?
a.
b.
c.
d.
It is cooler and less bright than the Sun.
It is cooler and brighter than the Sun.
It is warmer and brighter than the Sun.
It is warmer and less bright than the Sun.
2. The chart to the right shows the stages of predicted changes in the Sun. According to this chart, the Sun
will become:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Hotter and brighter in stage 2, then cooler and less bright in stage 3
Cooler and less bright in stage 2, then hotter and brighter in stage 3
Hotter and less bright in stage 2, then cooler and brighter in stage 3
Cooler and bright in stage 2, then hotter and less bright in stage 3
3. The diagram to the right represents the major stars of the constellation Orion, as viewed by an
observer in the state of New York. Which statement explains why Orion can be observed from
New York on December 21 but not on June 21?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Orion has an eccentric orbit around Earth
Orion has an eccentric orbit around the Sun
Earth revolves around the Sun
Earth rotates on its axis.
Unit 7: Earth
The Universe & Stars
Name _______________________________________________
Date ________________ Period _______ Assignment 56
Classification Activity
Characteristic
Groups
Color
Instructions: Use the stars pictured below to answer the questions. Make sure that your answers are in complete sentences.
Capella
(yellow)
Zeta Orionis
(blue)
1. Which star is the hottest? How do you know?
I think _____________________ is the hottest star because _____________________________________ and while sorting the
stars I discovered _____________________________________________________.
2. Which star would most likely be the brightest? Explain your answer.
3. Which star is most similar to our Sun? Explain your answer.
Challenge Questions
1. The life-cycle path followed by a star is determined by the
star's initial
a. mass and size
b. temperature and origin
c. luminosity and color
d. luminosity and structure
2. Stars like Earth's Sun most likely formed directly from a
a. nebula
b. supernova
c. red giant
d. black dwarf
3. A star like Earth's Sun will eventually
a. explode in a supernova
b. become a black hole
c. change into a white dwarf
d. become a neutron star
4. A star differs from a planet in that a star
a. has a fixed orbit
b. is self-luminous
c. revolves around the Sun
d. shines by reflected light
Unit 7: Earth
The Universe & Stars
Name _______________________________________________
Date ________________ Period _______ Assignment 56
Notes

As stars grow hotter, their color changes...what colors do stars turn as they get hotter?
Ar
ct
ur
us
(re
d)
1.
2.
3.
4.


temperature increases
temperature decreases
Once born, stars are self-illuminating…they ____________________________________________!
Main sequence = ______________ yellow stars (like our sun!) + ______________ blue stars
As a star runs out of energy, it ______________ into a red ______________ or a red ______________________
After stars die, they ______________ into black ______________ or small, white ______________
The sun has been burning for about _____________…scientists predict that it will burn for another 5 billion more years!
Then it will change from an average star to a red _________________ and then into a white _________________
Why won’t the sun ever turn into a black hole?
Video Notes
1. How does mass affect the life cycle of a star?
2. When does life in the main sequence end?
3. What happens when large stars die? Small stars?
4. What kind of gas if fuel for a star?
5. What happens to the size of a star as it begins to run out of fuel?
6. What happens to the size of a star as it dies? What happens to the temperature?
Unit 7: Earth
Lifecycle of Stars
Name _______________________________________________
Date ________________ Period _______ Assignment 57