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Ion Structure What does an atom have to do to become an ion around here??? Objectives • To describe how an atom becomes an ion • To determine the number of proton, neutrons, and electrons in an ion • To compare and contrast a cation and an anion How do ions form? • The majority of atoms are not happy • In an attempt to become happy (& chemically stable) some atoms will give up something. • Looking at the atom, what is easier to give up, protons, neutrons, or electrons? • Electrons are the easiest, because they are on the outside! IONS • Ions are atoms that have become charged. Atoms become ions in two ways: – They loose electrons and become + – They gain electrons and become - • Will ions have the same number of protons? • Yes!! The only thing that will change is the number of electrons.Why? • Electrons are the easiest particle to move around Cations & Anions • Sodium (Na) will give up an electron to become stable. • It will be postively charged and called a sodium cation • Chlorine (Cl) will take an electron • It will become negatively charged and be called a chlorine anion Sodium Cation Sodium: Protons: 11 Neutrons: 23 – 11 = 12 Electrons: Neutral Atom: 11 Na Cation: 11-1 = 10 Take away= caTion Chlorine Anion Chlorine Protons: 17 Neutrons: 35-17 = 18 Electrons: Neutral Atom: Anion 17 + 1 = 18 17 Add an electron = Anion IONIC STRUCTURE -1 Charge To become negative, the atom gained electrons Atomic mass, atomic number, the number of Identify the following: protons, and neutrons remain the same. 19 Atomic Mass: Add an electron = Anion F Atomic Number: 9 # protons: 9 # neutrons 19 – 9 = 10 # electrons: 9 + 1e= 10 IONIC STRUCTURE Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each of the following: a) b) c) Ca Na O # pro: 20 # e-: 20 -2e = 18 # neu: 40 – 20 = 20 2+ +1 # pro: 11 # e-: 11 -1e= 10 # neu: 23-11 =12 -2 # pro: 8 # e-: 8 +2e= 10 # neu: 16 – 8 = 8