Download Name: Date: Period: ____ Chapter 4: Classical Civilization in the

Name: ____________________________
Date: ______________ Period: ____
Chapter 4: Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean:
Greece & Rome
I. Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
A. Introduction
1. Greece & Rome influenced later history by forming _____________________ & __________
that were separate from civilizations of Middle East
2. Civilizations of Mediterranean world did not solely dominate Classical Period
3. Greece & Rome shared: ________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
B. Persian Tradition
1. 550 BCE, Cyrus the Great –
2. Persians advanced _______________________ & developed religion called
________________________
3. Persians toppled by _______________________, but remained effectual into 20th Century
II. Patterns of Greek & Roman History
A. Greece
1. Mycenaeans –
a. invaded by ___________________ –civilization on mainland Greece destroyed until
800 BCE
2. City-states emerged between 800-600 BCE
a. each had own government (what kind? ______________________________)
b. independent city-states formed instead of one empire b/c of _____________________
3. Trade developed, common culture & language w/ letters from ______________________ –
spread throughout peninsula
4. Olympic games –
5. 2 leading city-states:
a. Sparta –
b. Athens –
6.500-449 BCE – Sparta, Athens & other city-states __________________________________
a. after Persian Wars, Greek city-states (especially ___________) at their height
7. ________________ was not official ruler of Athens, but had a great deal of influence over
political decisions
a.
8. Peloponnesian Wars (431-404 BCE) – _________________________________________
9. Philip II of Macedon –
10. Alexander the Great –
11. Hellenistic period –
a. Alexandria –
D. Rome
1. 800 BCE – began as ______________________________________
2. 509 BCE –
3. Roman republic
a. gradually acquired rest of __________________________
4. Punic Wars (264-146 BCE) –
5. Following destruction of Carthage, Romans seized entire __________________
_______________________________________________
6. Julius Caesar –
7. August Caesar –
8. Pax Romana – 200 years of peace and prosperity in Mediterranean world
9. Next 250 years, empire suffered a ______________________________
a. 476 BCE –
10. Diocletian –
11. Constantine –
a.
III. Greek and Rome Political Institutions
A. Significance of politics in classical Mediterranean civilization
1. polis –
2. citizens felt they had certain rights & obligations tied to well-being of government
a.
3.
4.
5.
A. Greece
1. democracy (derived from Greek word demos – “________________”)
2. direct democracy –
3. Why were only a minority of Athenian population active citizens?
4. most widely preferred political framework centered on ____________________
a.
b. aristocracy comes from Greek terms meaning “____________________”
B. Rome
1. Relied on principle of _________________________
2. During the Republic, all Roman citizens could gather in assemblies to elect magistrates
a. Most important legislative body was the _______________, composed mainly of
_________________
b. Two _____________ shared executive power
c. In times of crisis, a _____________ took power until crisis had passed
3. Cicero – _________________________________________________________
4. Roman Empire different political system from earlier city-states
5. Romany army was carefully organized into a hierarchy
6. 450 BCE – _______________________________________________________
a. What were these Roman laws intended to do?
7. Many non-Romans were given rights of citizenship
8. What does the text suggest was a key political achievement of the Roman Empire?
9. Rome undertook vast public works projects (e.g. __________________) to facilitate military
transport and trade
10. “bread and circuses” –
11. Government also supported ______________________
a. but the government rarely imposed its religion on everyone
b.
12.
IV. In Depth: The Classical Mediterranean in Comparative Perspective
A. Why did the classical civilizations seem to need radical social inequalities?
1.
B. What was the relationship between wealth and social position in each classical civilization?
1.
C. If India used religion to compensate for social inequalities, what did China and the Mediterranean
use?
1.
V. Religion and Culture
A. Early Christianity
1. born in context of Roman Empire, but was not a product of ______________________ culture
(though it would be influenced by this culture)
B. Greco-Roman religion
1. Included belief in spirits of nature elevated into complex set of gods and goddesses who
regulated human life
a. for example:
2. stories of gods/goddesses made for good storytelling – classical Mediterranean religion
created _______________________________
B. Greek & Roman moral philosophy
1. Aristotle –
2. the Stoics –
3. Socrates –
a.
b.
4. Plato –
a.
b.
C. Achievements of Greek Learning
1.
2.
3.
4.
D. Roman Achievements
1.
2.
3.
E. the Arts of Greece
1. Sophocles –
2. Homer –
3. Architectural achievements
a.
b.
F. the Arts of Rome
1. Architectural achievements
a.
b.
VI. Economy and Society in the Mediterranean
A. Politics were mainly affairs of the cities
1.
B. Most Greeks & Romans were farmers
1.
2.
C. Trade
1.
2.
D. Slavery
1.
2.
VII. Toward the Fall of Rome
A. Rome declined after 180 CE
1.
2.
B. Lost Territory and Economic Reversals
1.
2.
3.
C. Collapse of the Roman Empire
1.
2.
3.
VIII. Global Connections: Greece, Rome, and the World
A.
B.
C.
D.