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REVIEW FOR SKIN AND INTEGUMENTARY TEST NAME __________________________ Epithelial Tissue Know main function, location and main characteristics of: Simple squamous Stratified squamous Simple cuboidal Simple columnar Pseudostratified columnar Transitional Be able to identify all but transitional under the microscope. Characteristics of epithelial tissue in general: 1. Avascular 2. Basement membrane 3. Polar (definite top and bottom) 4.continuous sheet (peels) 5. Well supplied with nerves Connective Tissue: cells imbedded in matrix of ground substance and fibers Know locations of each and be able to identify under the microscope: 1. Areolar 2. Adipose 3. Dense fibrous 4. Reticular 5. Fibrocartilage 6. Elastic cartilage 7. Hyaline cartilage 8. Blood 9. Bone Muscle Tissue: Only cells that are able to contract Know locations and be able to identify under the microscope each below. Also know which are voluntary and involuntary. List main characteristics below. 1. Skeletal: voluntary, striated, multinucleate, nuclei at edge of cell, attached to bones 2. Cardiac: involuntary, striated, single nucleus in middle of cell, located in heart 3. Smooth: involuntary, non-striated, single nucleus in middle of cell, in hollow organs, blood vessels, ureters, digestive tube Skin (Ch 4) Know 5 layers of the epidermis in order. What tissue type is the epidermis? epithelial 1.Stratum corneum 2.Stratum lucidum 3.stratum granulosum 4.stratum spinosum 5.stratum basale In which layer does mitosis occur? Stratum basale Which layer is found only in thick skin (palms/soles)? Stratum lucidum What are the two layers of the dermis? Papillary and reticular What tissue type are they? connective What layer is responsible for fingerprints? papillary Be able to label a diagram of the skin using: arrector pili muscle, sebaceous gland, adipose tissue, dermis, epidermis, hair follicle, sweat gland. What are two reasons that the cells of the stratum corneum are dead? 1. Too far from the blood supply (get pushed up as basale layer carries out mitosis) 2. Get filled with keratin, which kills the cells List 3 parts of the integumentary system? Skin, hair and nails What are 4 functions of the integumentary system? 1. Protection 2. Regulates body temperature 3. Excretes small amounts of uric acid waste 4. Sensory reception synthesizes, 5.vitamin D Pacinian corpuscles and Meisner’s corpuscles are types of touch receptors. What are the main characteristics of each type of burn? 1st degree only the epidermis is damaged, redness, heals quickly 2nd degree blisters appear, partial thickness burn 3rd degree full-thickness burn, no pain because nerve endings are damaged, needs skin graft List the 3 types of skin cancer in order of INCREASING danger? Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma What pigment gives the skin its color? melanin What is the protein that waterproofs the skin? keratin Which type of sweat glands are located over most of the body and produce a secretion of mostly water and salt? eccrine Which type of sweat glands are found only in the axillary and groin areas and produce a secretion that includes proteins and other organic substances? apocrine Glands that secrete their products into the blood are called endocrine glands while those that secrete their products through ducts are called exocrine glands. Type of gland How it secretes Location Merocrine secretes by exocytosis out of ducts eccrine sweat, salivary Apocrine apex pinches off underarms, groin Holocrine whole cell ruptures sebaceous (oil glands) Review homeostatic imbalances (Dr. Skin notes) Pay particular note to: jaundice, cyanosis, avulsions, decubitus ulcers, hemangioma, contact dermatitis, hirsutism, seborrhea, psoriasis, alopecia