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BIOLV01 Algiers, K. Chapter 27 Notes Ecology: Community Interactions Biodiversity The variety of _____________________________________________________ that make up a community Species richness - Relative abundance - Co-evolution Two interacting species ________________________________________ on one another over ___________________________ Ex: Frog and Snake http://vimeo.com/1478055 Ecological niche All the aspects of an organism’s _________________________________ the way organisms ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ 1 BIOLV01 Algiers, K. Community Interactions When communities interact for _________________________________, they may develop one of these types of relationships A results of _____________________________ Type of Interaction Species A Species B Predator and Prey Interactions Predator immediately ______________________ 1. Cryptic Coloration (camouflage) 2. Warning Coloration 3. Mimicry – Müllerian – Batesian – Startle Coloration 4. Chemical Warfare 2 BIOLV01 Algiers, K. Parasitism Parasites _____________________________________ but not immediately __________________ Mutualism Both species _________________________ from the interaction Ex: Lichens Ex: Clownfish & Anemone Ex: Flowers and Pollinators Ex: Leaf Cutter Ants and Fungi Ex: Acacia and Ants Competition − Occurs when two organisms attempt to use the same, limited _______________ Ex: Two Paramecium species ________________________ (Fig 27-1: pg 513) Ex: Bird species in tree − Competing Species will _______________ their resources, so they are not in direction competition Niche or Resource ______________ Ex: McArthur’s Warblers in Spruce Trees Fig 27-2 5 ________________________ competition Among individuals of _________________________species Often results in niche partitioning May _________________________population size ________________________ competition Among individuals of _________________________species More ______________form of competition Drives _________________________ 3 BIOLV01 Algiers, K. Keystone Species influence community structure (pg 524) A particular species that ___________________________________________ __________________________________ Removing the keystone species would ________________________________ Invasive Exotic Species Earth Watch pg 520 Exotic (non-native) – not ______________________found in the given area Invasive – ______________________affect environment by ______________________in numbers & ______________________native biodiversity Why are these species bad for the community? (Read pg 520) Are _________________ by humans into an ecosystem in which they did not evolve Sometimes _________________ (Cane Toad) Sometimes _________________ Ex: ___________________________________ were introduced to Central Park (NY) in 1890 in an attempt to introduce all birds mentioned in the works of Shakespeare Ex: Invasive zebra mussel attached to a native mussel Cowbirds lay eggs in native bird nests and reproduce profusely Can be damaging for the ______________, can drive species to _____________________, & can damage the ___________________ Ex: Snakehead fish (Franken fish) http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6254302/ Many exotics ____________________________ ….but the ones that do may cause ___________________________ Ex: Cane Toads in Australia 4 BIOLV01 Algiers, K. Video: Restoring Balance: Removing the Black rat from Anacapa Islands (Take Notes on Main Points of Video) Key Terms to Define from Chapter 27 1. Batesian mimicry 2. camouflage 3. co-evolution 4. commensalism 5. community 6. competition 7. ecological niche 8. herbivore 9. interspecific competition 10. intraspecific competition 11. invasive species 12. keystone species 13. mimicry 14. mullerian mimicry 15. mutualism 16. parasite 17. resource partitioning 18. startle coloration 19. symbiosis 20. warning coloration Fill in the Blanks Review Questions 1, 2, 3, 6 5