Download Chapter 27 Notes

BIOLV01
Algiers, K.
Chapter 27 Notes
Ecology: Community Interactions
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Biodiversity
­ The variety of _____________________________________________________
that make up a community
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Species richness -
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Relative abundance -
Co-evolution
­ Two interacting species ________________________________________ on one another over
___________________________
Ex: Frog and Snake
http://vimeo.com/1478055
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Ecological niche
­ All the aspects of an organism’s _________________________________
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the way organisms ___________________
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___________________
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___________________
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___________________
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___________________
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BIOLV01
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Algiers, K.
Community Interactions
­ When communities interact for _________________________________, they may develop one of these
types of relationships
­ A results of _____________________________
Type of Interaction

Species A Species B
Predator and Prey Interactions
­ Predator immediately ______________________
1. Cryptic Coloration (camouflage)
2. Warning Coloration
3. Mimicry
–
Müllerian
–
Batesian
–
Startle Coloration
4. Chemical Warfare
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Algiers, K.
Parasitism
­ Parasites _____________________________________ but not immediately __________________
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Mutualism
­ Both species _________________________ from the interaction
Ex: Lichens
Ex: Clownfish & Anemone
Ex: Flowers and Pollinators
Ex: Leaf Cutter Ants and Fungi
Ex: Acacia and Ants
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Competition
− Occurs when two organisms attempt to use the same, limited _______________
­ Ex: Two Paramecium species ________________________ (Fig 27-1: pg 513)
­ Ex: Bird species in tree
− Competing Species will _______________ their resources, so they are not in direction competition
­ Niche or Resource ______________
­ Ex: McArthur’s Warblers in Spruce Trees Fig 27-2 5
­
________________________ competition
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Among individuals of _________________________species
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Often results in niche partitioning
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May _________________________population size
­ ________________________ competition
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Among individuals of _________________________species
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More ______________form of competition
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Drives _________________________
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BIOLV01
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Algiers, K.
Keystone Species influence community structure (pg 524)
­ A particular species that ___________________________________________
__________________________________
­ Removing the keystone species would ________________________________
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Invasive Exotic Species Earth Watch pg 520
­ Exotic (non-native) – not ______________________found in the given area
­ Invasive – ______________________affect environment by ______________________in numbers &
______________________native biodiversity
­ Why are these species bad for the community? (Read pg 520)
­ Are _________________ by humans into an ecosystem in which they did not evolve
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Sometimes _________________ (Cane Toad)
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Sometimes _________________
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Ex: ___________________________________ were introduced to Central Park (NY) in 1890 in
an attempt to introduce all birds mentioned in the works of Shakespeare
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Ex: Invasive zebra mussel attached to a native mussel
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Cowbirds lay eggs in native bird nests and reproduce profusely
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Can be damaging for the ______________, can drive species to _____________________, &
can damage the ___________________
Ex: Snakehead fish (Franken fish)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6254302/

Many exotics ____________________________
….but the ones that do may cause ___________________________
Ex: Cane Toads in Australia
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BIOLV01
Algiers, K.
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Video: Restoring Balance: Removing the Black rat from Anacapa Islands
(Take Notes on Main Points of Video)
Key Terms to Define from Chapter 27
1. Batesian mimicry
2. camouflage
3. co-evolution
4. commensalism
5. community
6. competition
7. ecological niche
8. herbivore
9. interspecific competition
10. intraspecific competition
11. invasive species
12. keystone species
13. mimicry
14. mullerian mimicry
15. mutualism
16. parasite
17. resource partitioning
18. startle coloration
19. symbiosis
20. warning coloration
Fill in the Blanks
Review Questions 1, 2, 3, 6
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