Download I – knowledge on risk factors

HEALTH AND WELLNESS 4 / 2013
WELLNESS AND SOCIETY
CHAPTER I
1
2
Department of Normal Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University
Katedra i Zakład Anatomii Prawidłowej
Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu.
Wroclaw University of Technology - Department of Foreign Languages
Studium Języków Obcych Politechniki Wrocławskiej
3Institute
of Computer Engineering, Control and Robotics
Wrocław University of Technology
Instytut Informatyki, Automatyki i Robotyki Politechniki Wrocławskiej
of Pathophysiology Wrocław Medical University
Katedra i Zakład Patofizjologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu
4Department
5Department
of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy,
University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw
Katedra Fizjoterapii i Terapii Zajęciowej
w Medycynie Zachowawczej i Zabiegowej
Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu
6Department
of Oral Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University
Zakład Anatomii Stomatologicznej
Uniwersytetu Medycznego we Wrocławiu
7Institute
of Machines Design and Operation,
Wrocław Univerisity of Technology
Instytut Konstrukcji i Eksploatacji Maszyn, Politechnika Wrocławska
ZYGMUNT A. DOMAGAŁA1, BOHDAN GWORYS1,
JOANNA GRUSIECKA-DOMAGAŁA2, HENRYK KORDECKI1,3,
KRYSTIAN PORWOLIK JR., SŁAWOMIR WOŹNIAK1,
MIROSŁAW TRZASKA1, MAREK SYRYCKI1, WITOLD PILECKI4,
MAŁGORZATA RYCHLIK-KOWALSKA5,
ALINA PRONIEWICZ1,WIESŁAW KURLEJ6,
ZYGMUNT W. DOMAGAŁA7
Comparison of knowledge on risk factors of cardiovascular
diseases and pro-healthy life-style between the foreign students
of Medical Faculty and polish students
of Wroclaw University of Technology – a pilot study
Porównanie wiedzy o czynnikach ryzyka chorób sercowo-naczyniowych
i prozdrowotnego stylu życia pomiędzy studentami Wydziału Lekarskiego
ED a studentami Politechniki – badanie pilotażowe
HEALTH AND WELLNESS 4/2013
Wellness and society
The diseases of the circulatory system are the epidemic of the 20th century. In
2000, the coronary heart disease was the cause for 16.7 mln of deaths worldwide.
[1]. In the United States of North America, in one year only, due to the circulatory
system diseases, there are 500 thousand people dying each year [2]. In Poland, on
the basis of results of epidemiological tests it was proved that cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent reasons for death [3]. It is suspected that the reason for that
state of affairs is large dissemination of many cardiovascular risk factors. A definition of a risk factor was defined during a clinical test conducted in town of Framingham – FHS. [4] These factors include, in accordance with the data obtained from
multicenter clinical trials [5]: hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, tobacco use,
abdominal obesity, psycho-social factors (stress + low income). Low consumption
of fruit and vegetables as well as lack of physical activity are also extremely important risk factors. It was also recognized that the cardio-protective meaning, except for balanced diet and physical exertion can be ascribed to moderate consumption of ethyl alcohol.
Defining the cardiovascular risk factors allowed to introduce prevention programme on the large scale [6]. In the opinion of authors, in order to increase efficiency in treating cardiovascular diseases, it is necessary to invest in prophylaxis, in
addition to investing in development of treatment methods.
Treating cardiovascular diseases is based on a few pillars. One of them is pharmacotherapy. Its selection depends on the disease diagnosed. In case of hypertension, in accordance with the latest ESC recommendations, as physicians, we have 5
basic groups of medications to be selected: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers and
diuretics. In addition, in 6 standards, the last group of medications includes combined medications. In case of lipid disorders, scientific associations make physicians
to choose one of the following statins. Sometimes, it is necessary to use independently fibrats. When the hypercholesterolemy and hypertension are accompanied
additionally by metabolic syndrome and hyperurycemia, allopurinol may be applied
in treatment and consider whether methaformine should be included. In case of
diagnosing ischaemic heart disease into therapy, additionally antiplatelet drugs
should be included and, if the patient did not obtain them before, also beta-blockers.
One may not omit the fact that in this degree of the circulatory system damage, it
may be necessary to apply invasive treatment procedures such as percutaneous
coronary interventions(PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG).
All these treatment methods – with well grounded position – efficiently and well
tolerated, have one huge defect. These are the methods which strongly encumber
domestic budgets and are connected with high costs for the patients. In Poland, for
effective treatment of the patient with ischaemic heart disease, the involvement of a
few physicians is needed, a dozen of nurses and other persons working in hospitals
and outpatient clinics. It is necessary to administer chronically, for life 5-7 medications. Therefore, the treatment of ischaemic heart disease – one of the cardiovascular disease is expensive. It is worth doing everything therefore to keep the patient as
long as possible from the necessity to implement expensive multi-point pharmaco12
Zygmunt A. Domagała, Bohdan Gworys, Joanna Grusiecka-Domagała,
Henryk Kordecki, Krystian Porwolik Jr., Sławomir Woźniak, Mirosław Trzaska,
Marek Syrycki, Witold Pilecki, Małgorzata Rychlik-Kowalska,
Alina Proniewicz,Wiesław Kurlej, Zygmunt W. Domagala
Comparison of knowledge on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases
and pro-healthy life-style between the foreign students of Medical Faculty
and polish students of Wroclaw University of Technology – a pilot study
logical treatment. The only known, proved method of avoiding contact with a cardiologist is prevention. It is meaningful for the persons who are healthy, but also is
significant for the persons who already develop disease symptoms.
Prevention activities are realized within two areas. The first of them is to popularize and implement recommendations concerning pro-healthy life style. The other
involves identifying threatened persons and concentrating efforts on them and means
to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease). In case of the first task, it is important
that the persons responsible for the dissemination of the knowledge were properly
trained. In order to be able to implement necessary education activities, it is recommended to recognize initial knowledge on CVD risk factors, among young physicians. It is also extremely important, not only perfectly inform physicians about
cardiovascular risk factors, but also make them to realize the recommendations resulting from multicenter clinical tests. Therefore, in Wroclaw Medical University a
long-term assessment programme was started on modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular diseases with the intensification analysis of pro-healthy physical activity.
The data initially obtained from the students of medical faculty, was published in
2012 [7,8]. It points out for extremely low knowledge of Polish students and difficulties in realizing pro-healthy recommendations. One of the stage of the test is to
compare data obtained from the students of Wroclaw University of Technology with
the data collected from the students of Medicine Faculty – English Division.
The aim of the study: Pilot test comparing the knowledge of cardiovascular diseases risk factors and the realization of pro-healthy life-style recommendations
among young adult medicine students with students of technical studies.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The test was conducted on 81-person group of students of Medicine Faculty
English Division I year of Wroclaw Medical University (average age 20,46±1,54
years) in the period of 2012-2013. The group consisted of 37 women (average age
20.24±1.77 years) and 42 men (average age 20.69±1.84 age). The other group consisted of 40 students of Wroclaw University Technology (average age 21.65+/-1.64
years). The group consisted of 23 men (average age 21.26+/-1.62) and 17 women
(average age 22.17+/-1.55). English-speaking students came from different countries
of the world. The data were partitioned, on the five groups according to the country
of birth: Europe, Poland, Countries of the Near East, America and others. A majority
of students from Wroclaw University of Technology came from Wroclaw City.
The survey used for the test consisted of two parts. The survey consisted of 3 selected topics. The first group of the questions concerned the basic information on
education, origin and the past of survey participants. The second group referred to
the knowledge of the students on cardiovascular risk factors. In this part, the stu13
HEALTH AND WELLNESS 4/2013
Wellness and society
dents were asked to define 5 cardiovascular risk factors most important for them.
The third part of the survey was related to the fact whether the student realize the
recommendations concerning the pro-healthy lifestyle or not. In the I part of the
survey, the students were also to fulfill the task which in a simple manner, initially
assessed physical effectiveness of the participants. The task involved the assessment
of one’s own pulse before and after performing 10 sit-ups. They were assessed while
measuring the pulse on common carotid artery in the carotid trigone. The participants were instructed how should they measure the pulse in the location. In II part of
the survey, the questionnaire of motion activity was used, patterned on the Framingham questionnaire. The assessment was conducted with reference to leisure time
physical activity based on one week, which was defined as planned, purposeful and
regular forms of mobility pro-healthy activity and communication activity on foot or
on a bike provided it lasted on a single basis longer than 15 minutes. The respondents were ascribed to 3 ranges of motion activity <1000, 1000-1999 and ≥2000
kcal/week [9]. In accordance to the recommendations, as the pattern of minimum
and optimum leisure time physical activity the value of ≥1000 and ≥ 2000
kcal/week were adopted. The consent of bio-ethical committee was obtained for the
test.
RESULTS
I – KNOWLEDGE ON RISK FACTORS
Medicine students moderately correctly defined 2.93±1.70 cardiovascular risk
factors. Including, women listed on average 3.40±1.49 cardiovascular risk factors
and men 2.51±1.79. The difference between the sexes was statistically significant
(p=0.018). the Students of technical university defined correctly 2.65+/-1.49 risk
factors average. Women indicated 2.88+/- 1.05 risk factors and men 2.47+/-1.75 risk
factors. The difference between the medicine students and students of Wroclaw
University of Technology was not statistically significant (p=0.88). The presence of
medical education of the students parents of both groups was significantly connected
with a larger number of properly defined risk factors (3.40 vs 2.67, p=0.0243). Similarly, own leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) was significantly connected with a
larger number of properly defined risk factors in both groups of students (3.15 vs
2.25, p=0.005) and in the group of medicine universities (3.31 vs 2.19, p=0.007). A
number of correct answers was not statistically connected with smoking by the participants of the test in both group analyzed in total (p=0.38) and separately (p=0.53;
p=0.76). The cardiovascular risk factor listed most often was improper diet with
high amount of saturated animal fat and lack of physical activity. In addition, participants of the test pointed out smoking frequently or stress as the behavior favorable
for cardiovascular diseases. Full data are presented in the figure 1.
14
Zygmunt A. Domagała, Bohdan Gworys, Joanna Grusiecka-Domagała,
Henryk Kordecki, Krystian Porwolik Jr., Sławomir Woźniak, Mirosław Trzaska,
Marek Syrycki, Witold Pilecki, Małgorzata Rychlik-Kowalska,
Alina Proniewicz,Wiesław Kurlej, Zygmunt W. Domagala
Comparison of knowledge on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases
and pro-healthy life-style between the foreign students of Medical Faculty
and polish students of Wroclaw University of Technology – a pilot study
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
Figure20%
1. Cardiovascular risk factor definied by examined participants.
PA=physical activity, TUS=technical university students, EDMS=medicine
students;
10%# - statistically signifficant
What is interesting, 16 students recognized consumption of any amount of ethyl
0%
alcohol as the atherosclerosis risk factor and a few students recognized possessing a
cat as one of the cardiovascular risk factors. In both groups, about 85% students
declared the knowledge on low-fat diet, about 60%% students declared the familiarity in diet recommendations in low-sodium diet and about 70% students declared the
understanding for dietetic principles in Mediterranean diet.
II – REALIZATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS
In the group of foreign medicine students which was subject to analysis, 13.5%
students smoked, and excessive body weight was characteristic for 26% students,
low-fat diet is not realized by 60.5% students, diet with limitation of sodium chloride 73% students, and Mediterranean diet 62% students. Lack of physical activity
was declared by 18% students, but 67% of them declared the need to increase the
physical activity. Among the students of Wroclaw University of Technology 40%
students smoke which is statistically a much higher value than the number of smoking students in medical faculty. An excessive body weight was characteristic for
12.5 % of students. This is border limit smaller than the data collected among the
students of medical faculty. 67.5% students of University of Technology do not
realize the diet recommendations connected with low-fat diet, 92.5% students do not
15
HEALTH AND WELLNESS 4/2013
Wellness and society
realize the diet with limited value of NaCl and 87.5% students do not realize the
Mediterranean diet. 62% of students declared the lack of any physical activity. This
is the value statistically higher than the declared by the students of the medical faculty.
Average intensification of pro-health physical activity in the group of students of
medical faculty amounted to 1035 kcal/week (SD 2086.34), and it is insignificantly
exceeded the established norm of intensification of pro-health physical activity. In
the group of women, average activity of LTPA amounted to 521.64+/-684
kcal/week, therefore, it was below the recommended standards. In the group of men,
average activity LTPA of men amounted to 1477+/-2731 kcal/week. LTPA intensification was connected medical education of parents (p=0.0427).
Average intensification of pro-healthy in physical activity in the group of students of University of Technology amounted to 651 kcal/week. In the group of
women as well as men (Table 1, Table 2) average value of intensification prohealthy motion activity was smaller than recommendations [9].
Table 1. Basic data for the males from Wroclaw Univ. of Technology
Basic descriptive statistics for males
N
Dev.
Average Minimum Maximum
important
std
BMI
23
22,9918 16,00000 30,864
3,1575
height [m]
23
1,8139 1,70000
1,970
0,0728
Age
23
21,2609 19,00000 25,000
1,6298
Rest pulse
23
76,5217 56,00000 116,000 12,9365
Pulse after exertion
23
106,8261 80,00000 136,000 14,7206
LTPA (in kcal)
23
663,4348 0,00000 3410,000 844,6017
Table 2. Basic data for the females from Wroclaw Univ. of Technology
Basic descriptive statistics for females
N
Mean
Stand.
Minimum Maximum
participants values
Dev.
16
21,9340 17,47472
30,717
3,1559
BMI
17
1,6782
1,63000
1,740
0,0366
height [m]
17
22,1765 20,00000
25,000
1,5506
Age
17
81,2353 57,00000 100,000 12,6567
Rest pulse
17
109,4706 80,00000 130,000 13,5144
Pulse after exertion
17
635,5882 0,00000 2790,000 760,0723
LTPA [kcal]
Comparing the data collected from students of medicine and students of University of Technology of men it was shown that physical activity of men is much higher
in relation to future physicians than future engineers (Figure 2).
16
Zygmunt A. Domagała, Bohdan Gworys, Joanna Grusiecka-Domagała,
Henryk Kordecki, Krystian Porwolik Jr., Sławomir Woźniak, Mirosław Trzaska,
Marek Syrycki, Witold Pilecki, Małgorzata Rychlik-Kowalska,
Alina Proniewicz,Wiesław Kurlej, Zygmunt W. Domagala
Comparison of knowledge on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases
and pro-healthy life-style between the foreign students of Medical Faculty
and polish students of Wroclaw University of Technology – a pilot study
LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
MALES
3000
2500
VALUES
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1
2
1 - MEDICINE 2 - UNIV. of TECHNOLOGY
Kilocalories
Figure 2. Comparison of physical activity intensity (in kilocalories) between
medicine and technical university male students
In case of female, the difference is statistically insignificant. Irrespective of the
type of studies, the activity of women is too small and they do not realize the recommendations based on tests of Professor Drygas and co-workers (Fgure 3).
17
HEALTH AND WELLNESS 4/2013
Wellness and society
LEISURE TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
FEMALE
1100
1000
900
800
VALUES
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
1
2
1 - MEDICINE 2 - Univ. of TECHNOLOGY
kilocalories
Figure 3. Comparison of physical activity intensity (in kilocalories) between
medicine and technical university female students.
Rest pulse measured on common carotid artery in the carotid trigone amounted
to 77.81+/-10.60 beats/minute in the whole group of foreign medicine students,
including the women which amounted to 78.24+/-9.76 and with men 77.07 +/-11.29
(p=0.62). Post-exertion measured with ED students on common carotid artery
amounted to on average 113.43 +/-17.74 beats per minute. In the group of women,
the pulse amounted to 112.5+/-20.56 beats per minute and in the group of men
113.5+/-15.16 beats per minute. The difference was statistically insignificant. Data
concerning the students of University of Technology is placed in the tables below.
Table 3. Rest and exertion heart rate of participants from Wroclaw University
of Technology
Students from Wroclaw University of Technology
Basic data Standard dev.
Rest pulse [b/min.], males
76.52
12.93
Exertion pulse [b/min], males 106.82
14.72
Rest pulse [b/min], females
82.56
11.78
Exertion pulse
109.56
13,95
18
Zygmunt A. Domagała, Bohdan Gworys, Joanna Grusiecka-Domagała,
Henryk Kordecki, Krystian Porwolik Jr., Sławomir Woźniak, Mirosław Trzaska,
Marek Syrycki, Witold Pilecki, Małgorzata Rychlik-Kowalska,
Alina Proniewicz,Wiesław Kurlej, Zygmunt W. Domagala
Comparison of knowledge on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases
and pro-healthy life-style between the foreign students of Medical Faculty
and polish students of Wroclaw University of Technology – a pilot study
Table 4. Correlations between leisure time physical activity and basic
participants characteristics (males from Wroclaw University of Technology)
Correlations between LTPA (in kcal) and some basic data – males
height
Rest
Pulse
age
BMI
LTPA
[cm]
pulse after exertion
1,0000 ,1908 ,0706 -,1544
,2541
,2976
height [cm]
p= --- p=,383 p=,749 p=,482
p=,242
p=,168
,1908 1,0000 ,2628 ,2369
,2502
-,2284
Age
p=,383 p= --- p=,226 p=,276
p=,250
p=,294
,0706 ,2628 1,0000 ,3214
,2938
-,1348
BMI
p=,749 p=,226 p= --- p=,135
p=,174
p=,540
-,1544 ,2369 ,3214 1,0000
,4469*
-,3350
Rest pulse
p=,482 p=,276 p=,135 p= --p=,033*
p=,118
,2541 ,2502 ,2938 ,4469*
1,0000
-,1151
Pulse
after exertion p=,242 p=,250 p=,174 p=,033*
p= --p=,601
,2976 -,2284 -,1348 -,3350
-,1151
1,0000
LTPA (in kcal)
p=,168 p=,294 p=,540 p=,118
p=,601
p= --Table 5. Correlations between leisure time physical activity and basic
participants characteristics (females from Wroclaw University of Technology)
Correlations between LTPA (in kcal) and some basic data – females
height
Rest
Pulse
age
BMI
LTPA
[cm]
pulse after exertion
1,0000 ,3101 ,5705 -,5212
,1449
,3615
height [cm]
p= --- p=,242 p=,021 p=,038
p=,592
p=,169
,3101 1,0000 ,5222 ,2955
,5659
,1600
Age
p=,242 p= --- p=,038 p=,267
p=,022
p=,554
,5705 ,5222 1,0000 -,2031
,1388
,3098
BMI
p=,021 p=,038 p= --- p=,451
p=,608
p=,243
-,5212 ,2955 -,2031 1,0000
,5440*
-,3864
Rest pulse
p=,038 p=,267 p=,451 p= --p=,029*
p=,139
,1449 ,5659 ,1388 ,5440*
1,0000
,0743
Rest
after exertion p=,592 p=,022 p=,608 p=,029*
p= --p=,785
,3615 ,1600 ,3098 -,3864
,0743
1,0000
KCL
p=,169 p=,554 p=,243 p=,139
p=,785
p= --19
HEALTH AND WELLNESS 4/2013
Wellness and society
DISCUSSION
Ischaemic heart disease is one of the most frequent reasons for death among
modern population. The diseases refers both to men and women. It limits lifetime. It
causes accelerated disability. It is cosmopolitic. It can be „found” in America, in
Asia and in Europe. It is characteristic for the people who prefer meat and meal diet.
It takes away effective, relatively healthy people from the society, who have potentially chances for long life. The world of science concentrated on treating diseases of
the cardiac-vascular system. It is effective and profitable activity. Therefore, the
assortment of medications who affect the flow of the disease is constantly supplemented by new ones. The works are constantly conducted over the development of
invasive treatment methods of cardiac disease. The treatment of cardiac-vascular
disease is at the same time very expensive. It raises the costs of treatment very much
in the developing countries and developed ones. For this reason, a better and cheaper
method for self-treatment or event complete healing is preventive medicine. One of
its parts is also primary prevention – namely preventing the disease to come out.
Also secondary prevention is very effective – namely non-pharmacological treatment of the patients. This conduct is effective and relatively cheap. For popularization of non-pharmacological methods of avoiding cardiac-vascular diseases and nonpharmacological treatment of heart diseases, basic knowledge is necessary on cardiac-vascular risk factors among physicians. It is also important that the physicians
were the example of pro-healthy conduct for the patients.
Literature data concerning the knowledge on risk factors among students is quite
poor. The scientists state in available articles that the knowledge on students who
start the medical studies is low. As an example, in the study of Reiner and cooperating students from the Balkans recognized the lack of physical activity, genetic factors and lipid disorders as those factors which practically have no meaning in development of arthrosclerosis [10]. Slightly different data was presented by the scientists
from Gulf Medical University [11]. They assessed the knowledge of the first year
medicine students on hypertension risk factors. The surveyed participants pointed
out psychosomatic stress (75%), obesity (73%), high concentration of cholesterol
(73%) and smoking (71%) and improper diet (62%) as the reasons for the development of hypertension. Still about 50% students did not connect the lack of physical
activity with the development of hypertension or ischaemic heart disease. The foreigners who study in Poland and Poles, students of Wroclaw University of Technology listed similar cardiac-vascular diseases risk factors: smoking, improper diet.
Contrary to Croats and students from Gulf Medical University, they pointed out
significant role of the lack of physical activity. What is interesting, the students who
study in Poland did not see a significant role of the stress or lipid disorders in causing cardiac-vascular diseases. In our study, it was proved simultaneously, that the
Polish students more often than English speaking students emphasized the role of
physical activity in CVD prevention. Unfortunately, the knowledge was not reflected in realization of recommendations. As it was the group of men, foreigners who
studied in Poland a significantly higher LTPA was showed than the remaining
groups of youth examined. What is interesting, in Shaikh RB and cooperatives test
20
Zygmunt A. Domagała, Bohdan Gworys, Joanna Grusiecka-Domagała,
Henryk Kordecki, Krystian Porwolik Jr., Sławomir Woźniak, Mirosław Trzaska,
Marek Syrycki, Witold Pilecki, Małgorzata Rychlik-Kowalska,
Alina Proniewicz,Wiesław Kurlej, Zygmunt W. Domagala
Comparison of knowledge on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases
and pro-healthy life-style between the foreign students of Medical Faculty
and polish students of Wroclaw University of Technology – a pilot study
[11] more correct answers were generated by men, meanwhile the students from
Wroclaw, gave significantly worse answers the female students.
Unfortunately, even not extensive knowledge on cardiovascular risk factors is
not reflected on pro-healthy life style. In the examined group of English speaking
students, the number of smokers was 13.5%. Whereas, the number of smokers in the
group of Polish-speaking students was horrible and amounted to about 40%. The
data obtained is to a certain extent approximate to the multi-center test of GHPSS
[12,13,14]. It referred to students. In this test, depending on the country, the percent
of smokers fluctuated from 40-50% in the population of students in the Eastern
Europe or the South America to 5-10% among citizens of Asiatic countries. The
researchers emphasized at the same time that in many countries of the East, the
students prefer the use of other forms of smoking such as water pipes, etc. Dietetic
recommendations are not realized by the students from Wroclaw Medical University
and by students of Wroclaw University of Technology.
In our test, the lack of realization of dietetic recommendations is declared by
about 60% -80% students. This is problematic even more that a large group of these
persons understands and knows the importance of proper diet in prevention of cardiac-vascular diseases. What is interesting, our observations are contradictory to with
the observations conducted in the groups students from Malaysia [15]. A majority of
them (above 75%) regularly consumer vegetables and fruit and eat meals with family or friends at home. Students from Malaysia avoid also products „fast-food” type.
It can be suspected that it results from the influence of the diet with which a young
man had a contact in the family and due to the lack of sufficient financial means.
CONCLUSIONS
1. Students of both groups examined are characterized by relatively low knowledge
on CVD risk factors.
2. Students do not realize the recommendations concerning pro-healthy life style.
This is especially visible during the assessment of their leisure time physical activity
3. Possessing a person with medical education in the family affects the improvement of the results obtained in both parts of the survey.
4. Men, students of medicine – foreigners are characterized by significantly higher
level of pro-healthy physical activity in comparison with women and men from
technical schools.
Due to interesting results of the initial test, it is planned to extend the group of
students being subject to the analysis.
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Wellness and society
LITERATURE
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2. Giaziano J.M. Znaczenie badań przesiewowych w wykrywaniu choroby
wieńcowej I identyfikacji czynników ryzyka. W: Kardiologia, E. Braunwald, L.
Goldman, wyd I polskie pod red. G. Opolskiego, Urban i Partner, Wrocław,
2005, 289-307.
3. Lopez AD. Assessing the burden of mortality from cardiovascular disease. WldHlth Stat Q. 1993,64:91-96.
4. Kennel WB, Dawber TR, Kagan A i wsp. Factors of risk in development of
coronary heart disease – six year follow up experience: the Framingham Study.
Ann Intern. Med 1961, 55: 33-50.
5. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, INTERHEART Study Investigators. Effect of
potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52
countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study.Lancet. 2004; 364:93752.
6. Kannel WB. Contribution to the Framingham Study to preventive cardiology. J.
Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1990; 15: 206-211.
7. Kałka D., Domagała Z. A., Rusiecki L. i wsp. Knowledge of risk factors for
cardiovascular diseases in development of healthy lifestyle habits among thirdyear students at Wroclaw Medical University Eur.J.Prev.Cardiol. 2012:19
suppl.1; S52.
8. Kałka D., Domagała Z. A., Rusiecki L. i wsp. Influence of parents education on
knowledge of risk factors for atherosclerosis in population of third year medical
students. Eur.J.Prev.Cardiol. 2012 :19 suppl.1; S108.
9. Drygas W., Jegier A.: Zalecenia dotyczące aktywności ruchowej w profilaktyce
chorób układu krążenia. W: Kardiologia zapobiegawcza, M. Naruszewicz (red.),
Verso s. c., Szczecin, 2003, s. 252–266.
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11. Shaikh RB, Mathew E, Sreedharan J i wsp.. Knowledge regarding risk factors of
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Zygmunt A. Domagała, Bohdan Gworys, Joanna Grusiecka-Domagała,
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Marek Syrycki, Witold Pilecki, Małgorzata Rychlik-Kowalska,
Alina Proniewicz,Wiesław Kurlej, Zygmunt W. Domagala
Comparison of knowledge on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases
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STRESZCZENIE
Wiedza o czynnikach ryzyka chorób sercowo-naczyniowych jest istotnym
składnikiem prewencji tych chorób. Bieżąca publikacja odnosi się do badania
pilotażowego dotyczącego wiedzy o czynnikach ryzyka sercowo-naczyniowych
prowadzonego wśród studentów English Division Wydziału Lekarskiego
Uniwersytetu Medycznego oraz studentów Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Do badania
zaproszono łącznie 121 studentów. Wszyscy uczestnicy wypełnili specjalnie
skonstruowaną do badania ankietę. Studentów obu badanych grup charakteryzuje
relatywnie niska wiedza o czynnikach ryzyka CVD. Studenci nie realizują zaleceń
dotyczących prozdrowotnego stylu życia. Jest to szczególnie widoczne podczas
oceny ich aktywności ruchowej dedykowanej zdrowiu. Posiadanie w rodzinie osoby
z wykształceniem medycznym wpływa na poprawę uzyskiwanych wyników w obu
częściach ankiety. Mężczyźni, studenci medycyny – obcokrajowcy charakteryzują
się znacząco wyższym poziomem prozdrowotnej aktywności fizycznej w
porównaniu do kobiet jak i do mężczyzn z uczelni technicznej.
ABSTRACT
The knowledge on risk factors of heart-vascular diseases is a significant component of these diseases' prevention. Current publication refers to pilot study conducted among English-speaking students in Medical Faculty and polish students from
Wroclaw University of Technology. 121 participants were invited to the study. They
filled in a survey specially construed for that purpose. Students of both groups examined are characterized by relatively low knowledge on CVD risk factors. Students
do not realize the recommendations concerning pro-healthy life style. This is especially visible during the assessment of their leisure time physical activity. Possessing
a person with medical education in the family affects the improvement of the results
obtained in both parts of the survey. Men, students of medicine – foreigners are
characterized by significantly higher level of pro-healthy physical activity in comparison with women and men from technical schools.
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