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Chapter 20
1. The amniotic membranes may be considered to be a(n) __________ distinguishing
reptiles, birds, and mammals from other vertebrates.
A) synapomorphy
B) symplesiomorphy
C) analogy
D) homology
E) vestigial structure
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Early members of the class Reptilia were the first to produce
neotenic larvae.
amniotic eggs.
urea as a nitrogenous waste.
tadpole larvae.
isolecithal eggs.
3. Of all reptilian groups, which are in need of the greatest amount of international
conservation efforts?
A) lizards
B) snakes
C) turtles
D) tuataras
E) crocodilians
4.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The anapsid lineage of reptiles is represented today by
lizards.
tuataras.
snakes.
turtles.
crocodiles.
5.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Reptiles of the __________ lineage lack openings in the temporal region of the skull.
synapsid
diapsid
amphiapsid
triapsid
anapsid
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6. Reptiles of the __________ lineage had upper and lower openings in the temporal
region of the skull.
A) diapsid
B) amphiapsid
C) anapsid
D) synapsid
E) triapsid
7.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The skin of reptiles
lacks chromatophores.
is never shed.
functions in respiration.
is shed in order to grow.
has mucus glands.
8.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Lizards and snakes may lose their tails to escape from predators, known as
ecdysis.
molting.
corneation.
synapsis.
autonomy.
9.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Reptiles have a skin with scales made of
silica.
bone.
CaCO3.
keratin.
chitin.
10.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A group of synapsids called the therapsids gave rise to
turtles.
birds.
snakes.
lizards.
mammals.
11. The __________ of the diapsid lineage included dinosaurs and many other extinct
reptiles.
A) archosaurs
B) lepidosaurs
C) ichthyosaurs
D) plesiosaurs
E) theriosaurs
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12.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following is not a characteristic of reptiles?
respiration via lungs
two condyles for articulation with the first neck vertebra
metanephric kidneys
internal fertilization
amniotic eggs
13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Most reptiles lack vocal cords; indeed, vocalizations are only important to
tuataras.
snakes.
crocodilians.
lizards.
amphisbaenids.
14.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Members of three of the four living orders of reptiles are found on all continents except
Asia.
Africa.
Australia.
Antarctica.
Europe.
15.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Turtles belong to the reptilian order
Squamata.
Caudata.
Rhynchocephalia.
Crocodilia.
Testudines.
16.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The dorsal portion of a turtle shell is called the
carapace.
cephalothorax.
plastron.
sternum.
dorsum.
17.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The __________ makes up the ventral portion of the turtle shell.
dorsum
plastron
sternum
carapace
scute
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18.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Worm lizards belong to the reptilian order
Caudata.
Chelonia.
Squamata.
Rhynchocephalia.
Testudines.
19.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Lizards belong to the suborder
Serpentes.
Chelonia.
Amphisbaenia.
Sauria.
Caudata.
20.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following is a venomous lizard?
flying dragon
gecko
iguana
chuckwalla
Mexican beaded lizard
21. The __________ are distinguished from all other vertebrates by the presence of a single
median tooth in the upper jaw.
A) worm lizards
B) chameleons
C) geckos
D) gila monsters
E) tuataras
22. Tuataras have an extremely limited distribution; they are now limited only to a few
islands off the shore of
A) Australia.
B) Ecuador.
C) California.
D) England.
E) New Zealand.
23.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The tuatara belongs to the reptilian order
Squamata.
Chelonia.
Rhynchocephalia.
Testudines.
Caudata.
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24. In the crocodilians, a plate of bone called the __________ separates the nasal and mouth
passageways.
A) sternohyoid
B) pharynx
C) nasopharynx
D) secondary palate
E) hyoid apparatus
25.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Crocodilians are oviparous and display parental care of young that parallels that of
bony fishes.
sharks.
placental mammals.
amphibians.
birds.
26. The first cervical vertebra of a reptile is the __________ which articulates with a single
condyle on the skull.
A) axis
B) atlas
C) initial
D) servo
E) scapula
27.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Venom glands of snakes are modified
thyroid glands.
tongue papillae.
taste buds.
salivary glands.
tooth sockets.
28.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The African boomslang is an example of a(n) __________ snake.
rigid-fanged
hinge-fanged
fangless
venom less
rear-fanged
29.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Only in the __________ reptiles is the ventricular septum in the heart complete.
crocodilian
serpentilian
saurian
amphisbaenian
chelonian
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30.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Most living reptiles are
endothermic.
ectothermic.
homeothermic.
isothermic.
eurythermic.
31. In snakes and some lizards, upper and lower eyelids become fused in the embryo to
form a protective window for clear skin, the
A) nictitating membrane.
B) iris.
C) fovea.
D) ciliary body.
E) spectacle.
32. Among reptiles, a form of asexual reproduction known as __________ has been
described in six families of lizards and one species of snake.
A) biparentalism
B) protandry
C) protogyny
D) hermaphroditism
E) parthenogenesis
33. Reptiles that are usually solitary may migrate to common sites called __________ to
spend the winter.
A) torpor clines
B) communes
C) hibernacula
D) aggregations
E) sleep societies
34.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Enlargement of cerebral hemispheres in reptiles is associated with
improved memory capacity.
better vision.
improved muscular coordination.
an improved sense of smell.
better hearing.
35. __________ are used to analyze odor molecules brought into a snake's mouth by its
forked tongue.
A) Jacobson's organs
B) Eustachian passages
C) Semicircular canals
D) Parietal eyes
E) Pit organs
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36.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Many lizards have __________ glands beneath the eyes.
excretory
salt
uric acid
ammonia
water
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