Download Project Objective - Global Environment Facility

GEF-6 PROJECT IDENTIFICATION FORM (PIF)
PROJECT TYPE: Full-sized Project
TYPE OF TRUST FUND:GEF Trust Fund
For more information about GEF, visit TheGEF.org
PART I: PROJECT INFORMATION
Project Title:
Country(ies):
GEF Agency(ies):
Other Executing Partner(s):
GEF Focal Area(s):
Integrated Approach Pilot
Name of parent program:
Building resilience for food security and nutrition in Chad’s rural communities
Chad
GEF Project ID:1
AfDB (select) (select)
GEF Agency Project ID:
Ministère de l’Environnement et de
Submission Date:
2015-11-03
l’Agriculture du Tchad
Multi-focal Areas
Project Duration (Months)
60
IAP-Cities
IAP-Commodities
IAP-Food Security
Corporate Program: SGP
[if applicable]
Agency Fee ($)
506,298
A. INDICATIVE FOCAL AREA STRATEGY FRAMEWORK AND OTHER PROGRAM STRATEGIES2
Objectives/Programs (Focal Areas, Integrated Approach Pilot, Corporate Programs)
LD-1 Program 1 (select) (select)
LD-3 Program 4 (select) (select)
BD-4 Program 9 (select) (select)
(select) (select) SFM-2
(select) (select) (select)
(select) (select) (select)
(select) (select) (select)
(select) (select) (select)
(select) (select) (select)
Trust Fund
GEFTF
GEFTF
GEFTF
GEFTF
(select)
(select)
(select)
(select)
(select)
(in $)
GEF Project CoFinancing
financing
888,242
2,933,335
888,242
2,933,333
1,776,484
5,866,666
1,776,484
5,866,666
Total Project Cost
5,329,452
17,600,000
B. INDICATIVE PROJECT DESCRIPTION SUMMARY
Project Objective: To enhance food security and nutrition through sustainable and resilient agro-sylvo-pastoral
systems in the Sahelian regions of Chad
(in $)
Project
Financing
Project
Trust
GEF
CoProject Outputs
Components
Type3
Outcomes
Fund
Project
financing
Financing
1. Enhancing
TA
1.1 Improved
1.1.1 Reduced land degradation:
GEFTF 2,525,000
8,500,000
agro-sylvoagricultural,
7,000 ha of degraded cropland
pastoral
rangeland and
under SLM and 3,000 ha under
productivity in
pastoral
pastoral rangeland management
drylands
production in
support of food 1.1.2 5 micro-projects on sitesecurity and
appropriate soil conservation/
resilience
regeneration techniques and mixed
cropping systems executed by
farmers and herders
1.1.3 Improved capacities of agrosylvo-pastoral actors: 11,000 land
users trained on INRM and SLWM
1
2
Project ID number will be assigned by GEFSEC and to be entered by Agency in subsequent document submissions.
When completing Table A, refer to the excerpts on GEF 6 Results Frameworks for GETF, LDCF and SCCF.
3
Financing type can be either investment or technical assistance.
GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
1
1.1.4 150 trained local staff on
sustainable INRM policies and
practices through workshops
1.2 Improved
agro-pastoral
technologies
and access to
production
assets for
enhanced
livelihoods and
reduced
vulnerability
1.2.1 Investments in SLWM: rural
hydro-agricultural infrastructure
(30 ponds and boreholes; 20
village watering points; controlled
irrigation on 345 ha in exposed
sites)
1.2.2 Crop diversification and
cultivation of appropriate species:
resilient seed varieties identified,
produced and distributed to 100
households and farmer
organizations (FOs)
1.2.3 Six alternative income
generating activities (3 agricultural
and 3 livestock) identified and
implemented with households
1.2.4 30 cereal banks, 20
agricultural input stores, and 30
livestock feed stores established
1.3 Improved
forest
management
and/or
reforestation
generate
sustainable
flows of agroand forest
ecosystem
services
2. Promoting
integrated
ecosystem
management for
enhanced
resilience and
biodiversity
conservation
TA
2.1 Enhanced
integrated
landscape
planning for
habitat
resilience and
preservation
1.3.1 Increased land area under
SFM: 5,000 ha of woodlots,
community forestry plots,
nurseries, agro-forestry, etc.
1.3.2 Training in SFM and
cropland management at district
and local level (farmers, land user
groups, local authorities, etc.)
1.3.3 10 local producers groups (at
least 5 women groups) diversify
their revenue through agro-forestry
and sylvo-pastoralism
2.1.1 Demonstration of
participatory land-use planning: #
of participatory restoration and
land-use/NRM plans developed
with local authorities and
communities
GEFTF
1,750,000
5,000,000
2.1.2 Integrated land-use plans for
priority agro-ecosystems: # of
local land-use plans in targeted
zones integrate INRM and
conservation and sustainable use of
biodiversity
2
GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
(select)
2.1.3 ha of croplands under
effective land use management
with vegetative cover maintained
or increased
2.2 Enabling
environment
enhanced
through
mechanisms for
the
conservation of
land, woody
biomass and
biodiversity
(select)
2.2.1 Scaled-up land management
systems integrate SLFM practices,
resulting in improved soil
conditions and carbon
sequestration (avoided
deforestation and land degradation)
2.2.2 Support mechanisms for
SLFM in wider landscapes
established, including assessment
and implementation of benefits
sharing mechanisms to incentivize
SLFM at community level, and
300 improved cooking stoves
disseminated
2.2.3 Assess and introduce a
certification system for forests,
agro-forestry products or
management systems with
implementation by a third party
2.2.4 Assess the feasibility of
establishing a protected area for
the Sahelian acacia savanna or
Lake Chad flooded savanna
ecoregions
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
3. Knowledge
Management and
M&E
TA
3.1 Lessons
learned
captured and
knowledge
disseminated
3.1.1 Assessment of biodiversity
and conservation needs in the
ecoregions of Kanem and Bahr el
Ghazal and possible response
mechanisms
GEFTF
800,668
3,150,000
3.1.2 Framework developed for
sensitization campaigns and
training for enhancing awareness
and enabling environment on
ecosystem mangement
3.1.3 Development and
dissemination of guides and
toolkits on innovative INRM and
BD conservation practices in
drylands
3.2 Project
impact
monitored and
evaluated
3.2.1 Project monitoring system
established providing systematic
information on progress in meeting
outcome and output targets
3.2.2 M&E system for analyzing
land degradation trends and
associated socio-economic and
biodiversity impacts
3.2.3 Midterm and final evaluation
conducted
(select)
(select)
(select)
(select)
Subtotal
5,075,668 16,650,000
Project Management Cost (PMC)4 GEFTF
253,784
950,000
5,329,452 17,600,000
Total Project Cost
For multi-trust fund projects, provide the total amount of PMC in Table B, and indicate the split of PMC among the different
trust funds here: (
)
C. INDICATIVE SOURCES OF CO-FINANCING FOR THE PROJECT BY NAME AND BY TYPE, IF AVAILABLE
Sources of CoType of CoName of Co-financier
Amount ($)
financing
financing
GEF Agency
Recipient Government
Beneficiaries
(select)
Total Co-financing
African Development Bank
Government of Chad
Beneficiaries
Grants
In-kind
In-kind
(select)
15,000,000
2,000,000
600,000
17,600,000
D. INDICATIVE TRUST FUND RESOURCES REQUESTED BY AGENCY(IES), COUNTRY(IES) AND THE
PROGRAMMING OF FUNDS a)
GEF
4
Trust
Country/
Focal Area
Programming
(in $)
For GEF Project Financing up to $2 million, PMC could be up to10% of the subtotal; above $2 million, PMC could be up to 5% of the subtotal.
PMC should be charged proportionately to focal areas based on focal area project financing amount in Table D below.
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
Agency
Fund
Regional/ Global
AfDB
GEFTF Chad
AfDB
GEFTF Chad
AfDB
GEFTF Chad
(select)
(select)
(select)
(select)
Total GEF Resources
a)
of Funds
Land Degradation
Biodiversity
Multi-focal Areas
(select)
(select)
(select as applicable)
(select as applicable)
SFM
(select as applicable)
(select as applicable)
GEF
Agency
Project
Total
Fee
Financing
(c)=a+b
(b)b)
(a)
1,776,484
1,776,484
1,776,484
168,766
168,766
168,766
1,945,250
1,945,250
1,945,250
5,329,452
506,298
5,835,750
Refer to the Fee Policy for GEF Partner Agencies.
E. PROJECT PREPARATION GRANT (PPG)5
Is Project Preparation Grant requested? Yes
No
If no, skip item E.
PPG AMOUNT REQUESTED BY AGENCY(IES), TRUST FUND, COUNTRY(IES) AND THE PROGRAMMING OF FUNDS
Project Preparation Grant amount requested: $ 150,000
GEF
Agency
Trust
Fund
Country/
Regional/Global
AfDB
GEF TF Chad
AfDB
GEF TF Chad
AfDB
GEF TF Chad
Total PPG Amount
5
6
Focal Area
Land Degradation
Biodiversity
Multi-focal Areas
PPG Agency Fee: 14,250
Programming
of Funds
(select as applicable)
(select as applicable)
SFM
(in $)
PPG (a)
50,000
50,000
50,000
150,000
Agency
Fee6 (b)
4,750
4,750
4,750
14,250
Total
c=a+b
54,750
54,750
54,750
164,250
PPG requested amount is determined by the size of the GEF Project Financing (PF) as follows: Up to $50k for PF up to$2m (for MSP); up
to $100k for PF up to $3m; $150k for PF up to $6m; $200k for PF up to $10m; and $300k for PF above $10m. On an exceptional basis, PPG
amount may differ upon detailed discussion and justification with the GEFSEC.
PPG fee percentage follows the percentage of the Agency fee over the GEF Project Financing amount requested.
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
F. PROJECT’S TARGET CONTRIBUTIONS TO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS7
Provide the expected project targets as appropriate.
Corporate Results
1. Maintain globally significant biodiversity
and the ecosystem goods and services that
it provides to society
2. Sustainable land management in
production systems (agriculture,
rangelands, and forest landscapes)
3. Promotion of collective management of
transboundary water systems and
implementation of the full range of policy,
legal, and institutional reforms and
investments contributing to sustainable use
and maintenance of ecosystem services
4. Support to transformational shifts towards a
low-emission and resilient development
path
5. Increase in phase-out, disposal and
reduction of releases of POPs, ODS,
mercury and other chemicals of global
concern
4.
6. Enhance capacity of countries to
implement MEAs (multilateral
environmental agreements) and
mainstream into national and sub-national
policy, planning financial and legal
frameworks
Replenishment Targets
Improved management of landscapes and
seascapes covering 300 million hectares
Project Targets
10,000 hectares
120 million hectares under sustainable land
management
7,000 hectares
Water-food-ecosystems security and conjunctive
management of surface and groundwater in at
least 10 freshwater basins;
20% of globally over-exploited fisheries (by
volume) moved to more sustainable levels
Number of freshwater
basins
750 million tons of CO2e mitigated (include both
direct and indirect)
15,000 metric tons
Disposal of 80,000 tons of POPs (PCB, obsolete
pesticides)
Reduction of 1000 tons of Mercury
metric tons
Percent of fisheries,
by volume
metric tons
Phase-out of 303.44 tons of ODP (HCFC)
Development and sectoral planning frameworks
integrate measurable targets drawn from the
MEAs in at least 10 countries
ODP tons
Number of Countries:
Functional environmental information systems
are established to support decision-making in at
least 10 countries
Number of Countries:
PART II: PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
1. Project Description. Briefly describe: 1) the global environmental and/or adaptation problems, root causes and
barriers that need to be addressed; 2) the baseline scenario or any associated baseline projects, 3) the proposed
alternative scenario, with a brief description of expected outcomes and components of the project, 4)
incremental/additional cost reasoning and expected contributions from the baseline, the GEFTF, LDCF, SCCF, and
co-financing; 5) global environmental benefits (GEFTF) and/or adaptation benefits (LDCF/SCCF); and 6)
innovation, sustainability and potential for scaling up.
1) The global environmental and/or adaptation problems, root causes and barriers that need to be addressed.
The Sahel region of Africa faces chronic food and nutrition insecurity, poverty and adverse habitats for agriculture
and rural development. Severe food crises affecting millions of people in the region are recurrent and due mainly to a
combination of short and long term causes, including recurring cycles of drought, poor harvests, high food prices and
generally fragile ecosystems. Environmental degradation, coupled with inadequate governance and unfavorable
climate, lie at the heart of the region’s vulnerability.
Land degradation, with consequent loss of soil fertility, biodiversity and forest cover, is a major environmental
challenge facing the central Sahelian regions of Chad. Vegetation removal is a direct consequence of human-induced
actions, from commercial logging and tree cutting for fuel to clearance of forests for commercial or agricultural use,
which result in extensive soil depletion and desertification. The rate of land degradation in Chad’s Sahelian belt is of
7
Provide those indicator values in this table to the extent applicable to your proposed project. Progress in programming against these targets
for the projects per the Corporate Results Framework in the GEF-6 Programming Directions, will be aggregated and reported during midterm and at the conclusion of the replenishment period. There is no need to complete this table for climate adaptation projects financed
solely through LDCF and/or SCCF.
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
high concern given impacts on biodiversity, hydrological processes, and soil erosion which undermine the very
resources upon which rural communities depend. This results in a damaging cycle of habitat loss, poverty and food
insecurity which lies at the root of the region’s vulnerability.
Despite considerable oil revenues and agricultural potential, Chad remains one of Africa and the world’s poorest
countries, classified 184th out of 187 in the human development index. Agriculture still plays an important role in the
national economy, now accounting for 20% of GDP but employing 80% of the population. Of the Sahelian countries,
Chad is considered that with greatest agricultural potential. Despite its vast arid and semi-arid areas, Chad comprises
different ecosystem types and has enormous potential in its natural resources, exemplified by:
- 39 million hectares of arable land (30% of the territory);
- 84 million hectares of natural pastures;
- 20 million head of livestock of combined species (cattle, sheep, goats, camels);
- Significant ground and surface water resources, with an annual groundwater volume from 263-455 billion m3;
- 23.3 million hectares of natural forest;
- The area for fisheries is estimated at 70,000 km2 in a normal rainfall year and includes more than 150 fish species.
This underlying capacity however is not exploited to its fullest or to a degree that could significantly contribute to
reducing poverty nationally. Roughly only 0.8% of cropland is irrigated. With appropriate infrastructure, knowledge
and support, increasing areas of land - even in arid regions - could be used to grow crops sustainably, adapt to
weather imbalances and droughts, and increase agricultural production. Instead, agricultural productivity remains
very low and about 55 percent of the population lives below the poverty line. Although poverty is severe all over the
country, it is most pronounced in rural areas, where about 80 percent of the country's population resides. Chronic
food shortages are widespread with malnutrition rates, especially amongst children, very high. Rural populations in
particular are acutely vulnerable to natural resource degradation, variable weather, and exogenous economic shocks.
Chad has three major and distinct agro-ecological zones: Saharan (north), Sahelian (center) and Sudanian (south).
This diversity of bioclimatic zones is associated with rich flora and fauna. Rainfall is most frequent and reliable in
the south but very scarce in the north. Given their greater agricultural and pastoral potential, most Chadians live in
the central and especially southern parts of the country. A belt of land crossing the central Sahel area marks the point
where rain-fed agriculture ends and rainfall becomes insufficient to cultivate crops without irrigation. The land in
this area is marginal and the populations of these districts face critical difficulties for agro-sylvo-pastoral production.
Due to the nature of the rains, human modification of the natural soil cover, and little investment in adaptive
solutions, soil erosion and resource degradation are widespread and spreading, key factors underling deforestation,
biodiversity loss, desertification, declining crop yields and enhanced poverty.
Map 1 : Project area land use cover
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
The semi-arid Sahelian zone of Chad forms a belt about 500 kilometers wide that runs across the middle of Chad,
encompassing a number of its regions. Erratic rains, cyclical droughts, locust infestations and poor farming practices
negatively affect crop production in this zone. According to WFP, the regions of Kanem and Bahr el Ghazal - the
target regions of this project - have the highest level of food insecurity in Chad, primarily caused by a lack of access
to food, and the highest rates of malnutrition.
Both Kanem and Bahr el Ghazal are dotted with more productive oases, known as ‘ouadis’. With their associated
flood-plains, temporary pools and inundation zones, the ouadis greatly enhance the topographical and biological
diversity of the ecoregion. The population is typically smallholders engaged in subsistence cultivation and livestock
on marginal land, thus depending on farming, herding or gathering woody products. The land on which they depend
is characterized by low productivity sand dunes and ouadis, and therefore dry farming activities form the basis of
their livelihood. Low agricultural productivity, rare income-earning opportunities, and limited rural socio-economic
infrastructure are the foremost causes of poverty in the areas. Weak community organization, combined with
ineffective service delivery, lack of resources (particularly to land in the ouadis) and limited decision-making power
and information further exacerbate poverty and insecurity.
Pastoralists and farmers in Chad’s Sahelian regions are competing for land and access to water which are putting
increasing pressure on natural resources. The increased competition over progressively scarce resources creates both
social land-use conflict and an endemic vicious cycle of environmental degradation and poverty. Below are the
primary environmental problems:
• Inappropriate farming practices, overgrazing, deforestation, and the pressures from a changing climate and growing
population have caused extensive land degradation. Land degradation, and its extreme form desertification, have
accelerated over the last thirty years. Continuous cropping, poor farming and land-husbandry practices, and wind and
soil erosion are depleting the soil’s native fertility and reducing crop yields. Due to growing population needs, fallow
periods have significantly shortened resulting in degraded soil nutrient quality and natural regeneration is disturbed.
Activities connected with mixed farming (bushfires, slash and burn cultivation, biomass burning) are additionally
responsible for the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). In the past decades there has been a progressive expansion
of the Sahelian climatic zone with a concurrent reduction of the Sudanian zone, resulting in greater aridity.
• Forests cover roughly one quarter of Chad’s land area and are mostly located in the southern regions. Ninety-five
percent of the population relies on woodlands and forest resources for fuelwood to meet basic energy needs. High
population density and pressure on resources have caused significant forest degradation, yielding an estimated 0.6%
annual deforestation rate. According to FAO, in total, between 1990 and 2010, Chad lost 12.1% of its forest cover.
Causes include illegal clearing of forest land for crops, expansion of land under cultivation, unauthorized treecutting,
expansion of farming and livestock herding, poaching, and uncontrolled bushfires. These practices add to Chad’s net
GHG emissions, reduce the fertility and carbon storage capacity of its soils, and lead to desertification. The
unsustainable use of woody species, exploitation of cultivable lands and wasting of pastoral spaces have critically
endangered Chad’s Sahelian tree steppe ecosystem and pose concerns for the sustainability of forests and
pastureland.
• Water scarcity: Chad’s enormous inland water resources, with the Chari River, Logone River and Lake Chad the
most notable examples, have undergone significant desiccation over the past decades. Recurring droughts, declining
vegetation surrounding watercourses, deforestation, and overgrazing are main contributors, drying up water courses
and reducing the amount of quality pastureland. Lake Chad best embodies this loss: the lake has undergone one of
the most dramatic shrinkages globally, losing approximately 90 percent of its surface area in the past 40 years.
• Lying at the convergence of four major continental ecological zones (West African Sahara, the Sahel, the Sudanian
zone, and the Central African Forest), Chadian ecosystems are globally significant, providing critical environmental
services to the country and the region. Chad is relatively rich in biodiversity although ecosystems that comprise
permanent habitats, safe migration harbors, and assimilation zones for a multitude of unique species are highly
fragile, ineffectively protected and risk serious and irreversible loss of biodiversity. Biodiversity is mainly
concentrated in the more forested and resource rich southern Sudanic zone.
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
Chad is amongst the richest countries in terms of biodiversity in Sahelo-Sudanian Africa with some of the last
remaining populations of large mammals that once roamed West-Central Africa. Its current biodiversity focuses on
ecoregions and threatened mammal species. The country’s protected area (PA) system comprises two National Parks
of which one (Ouadi Rimé-Ouadi AChim Faunal Reserve) will benefit from the project, seven Faunal Reserves and
Six Ramsar Sites (Lake Fitri, Lake Binder Lere, wetlands Salamat & Bahr Aouk, Messenya wetland, Lake Chad and
Logone wetlands) of which 2 are targeted by the project activities (Lake Chad and Lake Fitri).
The Ouadi Rimé–Ouadi Achim Faunal Reserve, at 77,950 km² is, on paper, one of the largest protected areas in
Africa. The only planned conservation initiatives known in the Sahelian zone is one recently proposed for Lake Fitri.
In the area bordering the western part of Ouadi Rimé–Ouadi Achim Faunal Reserve, towards Kanem, there are vast
stretches of grassland known to hold breeding populations of unique species. A total of 267 bird species have been
identified and thousands of migrant Palearctic waterbirds are reported to visit the wadis during the short rainy season
(Birdlife report, 2015). Diminishing rainfall is particularly affecting the Sahelian wooded grasslands where the
effects are exacerbated by human pressure for fuelwood and grazing pasture. The opening of new, deep wells has
increased accessibility and, therefore, also grazing and hunting pressures. Below is a map displaying Chad’s
ecoregions and PAs.
Map 2 : Ecoregions (circled letter) and protected areas (number) in Chad
Source : D. Brugière, P. Scholte / Journal for Nature Conservation 21 (2013) 286– 293
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
In the this Chad sahelian regions, important biodiversity is found, including critical tree steppe ecosystems and the
two Ramsar sites, Lake Chad and Lake Fitri; the latter is also part of a biosphere reserve. The regions of Kanem and
Bahr el Ghazal are situated between these two lakes, although neither is found within their confines, and are within
Lake Chad’s greater watershed. The maps below show the lake watershed with a focus on the biodiversity area (TBC
during prject preparation) covered by Kanem and Bahr el Ghazal, of about 10,000 hectares (see maps below
including Bird life zones):
Map 3- Project intervention in Kanem and Bahr Elghazal regions
Map 4 - Location and size of Important Bird Areas in Chad
Source : Important Bird Areas in Africa and associated islands – Chad, PAUL SCHOLTE AND PETER ROBERTSON
The main environmental constraints in the regions targeted by the project are: the progression of desertification;
climatic deterioration and high anthropogenic pressure on the Lake Chad watershed natural resources (land, water,
wildlife and forest); decreased productivity due to unsustainable practices in production systems; and overall fragile
and further degrading ecosystes.
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
A reduction in the direct pressures on natural resources is essential for the protection of biodiversity in the watershed
of Lake Chad, including the northern shores of the Lake covering Kanem (bowl of the city). As shown in the map
below, critical agricultural production in these regions is from the use of the resources of the northern shores of the
lake.
Map 5 : Economic flows from Lake Chad to the project regions (Kanem and Bahr El Gazal)
Source : M.Assouyouti & al., 2010, Le lac Tchad et N'Djaména une relation porteuse de développement
Despite its agricultural potential, Chad is experiencing a situation of almost chronic food insecurity, which in Kanem
and Bahr el Ghazal is structural. The situation is particularly alarming considering the looming threat posed by
climate change which threatens to exacerbate an already difficult situation and place an additional burden on an
already vulnerable landscape and ecosystem. With 80 percent of its workforce dependent on agriculture and animal
husbandry, Chad’s Sahelian population is critically vulnerable to climate shifts. Higher temperatures, decreased and
more variable rain, and an altered temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall are expected and will together
aggravate arid conditions, reduce vegetation cover, and further degrade soils, leading to failed harvests, livestock
death, and lower yields especially of staple foods such as millet, sorghum, rice and maize. The consequent critical
repercussions on food, health and nutrition are clear.
In order to find a lasting solution to food and nutrition insecurity in these regions, the productive capacity of natural
resources must be enhanced alongside resilience. This can only occur through a solution that targets natural resources
- land, forest, water - in a holistic way, tackling the cycles and linkages between cause and effect. By making
sustained longer term investments in household resilience, ultimately, the cycle of recurring food deficits will be
broken. While the value of an integrated ecosystem management approach to address Chad’s key environmental
threats is recognized, a number of barriers have precluded the ability to translate this strategic vision into action.
• Weak governance and legal framework: Environmental challenges in Chad are intimately connected to weak local
governance structures. The government supports policies integrating natural resource management into decentralized
structures and plans, but decentralization is in its early stages and Chad’s capacity to manage its environment is
currently very limited. The weak framework for decentralized environmental governance and land management
contributes to rising conflicts over land use, particularly between agriculture, pastoralism, and wildlife protection.
• Limited technical and environmental knowledge: Capacity to manage natural resources sustainably is very limited
at all levels. The information base needed for long-term environmental monitoring and decision making, particularly
in the rural space, is inadequate. While human and climatic factors are at the root of land degradation, deforestation
and biodiversity loss, lack of appropriate natural resources management skills and awareness among local
communities and decentralized institutions confounds the situation.
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
• Inadequate infrastructure and inputs: Rural people face difficulties related to inadequate infrastructure, knowledge
and inputs which could help them adapt to climatic variability and the fragility of prevailing ecosystems. Farmers
lack access to the knowledge and technology needed to improve resilience, regenerate degraded land, enhance agrosylvo-pastoral productivity, and develop alternative livelihood opportunities.
Given Chad’s state of poverty it is often forgotten that through the appropriate use of its natural resources, Chad has
extensive assets to bring lasting solutions to the recurring food and nutrition insecurity prevailing in its territory and
to environmental degradation. If the availability of arable land does not theoretically constitute a limitation, solutions
can be found by investing in integrated management of natural resources and strategic considerations for resilience.
2) The baseline scenario or any associated baseline projects
In the Sahel, the number of people suffering from food and nutrition insecurity is constantly on the rise. Tackling
these challenges in this particular region requires building resilience in structures and livelihoods, agricultural sector
support and developing regional integration for tackling common problems. Within this framework, AfDB’s
Program to Build Resilience to Food and Nutrition Insecurity in the Sahel (P2RS) has been designed with a 20 year
timeframe to increase, on a sustainable basis, agro-sylvo-pastoral and fishery productivity in the Sahel. In addition to
the regional component, each country will implement its own project. The baseline of the GEF project will be Project
1 of the P2RS which concerns seven countries of the Sahel most affected by food crises and, in particular, the
Chadian component targeting Bahr el Ghazal and Kanem.
The project intervention area covering Bahr el Ghazal and Kanem regions is the region most affected by food
insecurity in Chad. This situation is expected to be further exacerbated in the coming months due to the flow of
refugees from Nigeria fleeing Boko Haram abuses:
Map 6: Food insecurity projections in Chad for 2015
Project areas : Kanem and Bahr El Ghazal regions
Source : FewsNet, 2015
The baseline project seeks to eliminate structural causes of acute and chronic food and nutrition crises by helping
vulnerable households to increase production and incomes; gain access to infrastructure and basic social services;
and strengthen livelihood options. The strategy will be based on the development of stock breeding, irrigation
schemes, markets for inputs, and agricultural and livestock products as well as enhancing the capacity of agricultural
sector private, public and community institutions. To this end, the project will construct water and pastoral facilities
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
in targeted rural districts and assist vulnerable households to enhance productivity by sustainably managing natural
resources and improving market access. A value chain approach based on growth sub-sectors will be used to secure,
store and increase access to and marketing of agricultural products. The baseline will be implemented over a fiveyear period through three components which cover:
1. Rural Infrastructure Development: This component aims to improve the necessary production, processing and
agricultural marketing infrastructure to increase the competitiveness of promising agricultural products and to
strengthen the resilience of agricultural holdings in the Sahel. Main activities will center on the development of
irrigation, pastoral, conservation/processing and marketing infrastructure, and basic social facilities.
2. Development of Value Chains and Markets: This component targets a sustainable increase in production, the
productivity of the major agro-sylvo-pastoral systems and the strengthening of nutrition. Activities and capacity
building will promote protection of natural and wood resources; development of the agriculture, livestock, fishery
sub-sectors; improvement of market access and financing; strengthening of nutrition; and promotion of youth
employment.
3. Program Management: The last component will define and implement an institutional structure for management
and coordination of all aspects of the project, including procurement, monitoring and evaluation, and
communication.
3) The proposed alternative scenario, with a brief description of outcomes and components of the project
Economic needs and increasing demographic pressure in Bahr el Ghazal and Kanem are encouraging conversion of
forests, woodlots, and pastureland into land for cultivation. The last available areas of natural vegetation (marshes,
prairies, but particularly woodlands) are being cleared, precipitating widespread degradation of habitats with
consequent loss of native plant and animal species. Poor knowledge on environmental threats and lack of options
lead to short-term strategies of extensive farming with no investment in regeneration and preservation.
In the Sahel, the challenge is not to address limited and circumscribed issues requiring ad hoc responses, but a
structural approach requiring holistic support to enable susceptible populations cope with vulnerabilities and shocks.
Adequate investments in the resilience of households and fragile ecosystems are necessary to break the cycle of
environmental degradation, food insecurity and poverty. An approach must be sought that addresses the underlying
causes of resource degradation, the functional integrity of ecosystems, and spans the whole array of natural assets. As
such, support must be provided to subsistence farmers to implement low-tech methods that improve soils and
conserve water and forests in addition to improving infrastructure, value chains and market linkages. This is what the
GEF project will target, thereby adding much needed considerations and activities on SLM, SFM and biodiversity
conservation to the AfDB baseline project.
Outcomes and components
Despite agriculture being difficult in Chad’s Sahelian regions, there is potential for increasing agro-ecosystem
productivity through natural regeneration, irrigation, and land restoration alternatives such as crop diversification and
agro-forestry. Building on Chad’s potential, and in response to the drivers of environmental degradation, the
objective of the GEF project is to better enable stakeholders to restore or maintain the productivity of natural assets
and biodiversity within fragile ecosystems. Activities will aim to promote a cross-sectoral approach to local
economic development, environmental management, and resilience that simultaneously addresses climatic
challenges. Through interventions aimed at critically complementing the P2RS, the GEF project will assess, pilot,
and sustain needed on-the-ground investments in INRM, capacity building, and knowledge. The outcome aims are
to implement sustainable land and water management practices (SLWM) and resource conservation measures to
reduce vulnerability at community level, to strengthen management and planning of natural resources for the
consequent conservation of biodiversity, and to diversify livelihoods focusing on crop and agro-forestry systems, all
underlined by a critical consideration for resilience of people and ecosystems. Three components are envisioned:
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
Component 1 – Enhancing agro-sylvo-pastoral productivity in drylands
The first component will aim at sustainably intensifying agro-sylvo-pastoral systems and resilient farming, spanning
the entire array of resources needed in a Sahelian dryland landscape: land, water, and livestock. Agro-sylvo-pastoral
systems will be enhanced through needed rural infrastructure and by investing in soil fertility and water conservation,
so vital in drylands and critical to sustaining crop production and resilience. Activities will focus on promoting
innovative and site-appropriate SLWM, improved agricultural technologies and inputs (e.g. crop diversification,
drought and flood resistant crops and seeds), and the development of options aimed at ensuring food security while
preserving the environment in a distinctive Sahelian ecosystem. Techniques for improving soil fertility and
increasing woody biomass will be adopted more widely and consistently through SFM, agro-forestry, and
dissemination of knowledge. Emphasis will be placed on the potential and difficulties of the targeted agro-ecological
zone and the need to accelerate adoption of technology packages and diversification of livelihoods that build the
resilience of ecosystems and livelihoods in the face of resource degradation and changing climatic patterns.
Agroforestry is an important tool both for the conservation of biological diversity and the improvement of ecosystem
resilience. It constitutes an ideal land use approach that establishes synergistic links between the CBD, the UNCCD
and the UNFCCC. The techniques used will have a positive impact on reducing carbon emissions and promoting
carbon sequestration through sustainable land use, land‐use change, and forestry, in addition to retarding
desertification and helping to conserve biodiversity.
Component 2 – Promoting integrated ecosystem management for enhanced resilience and biodiversity conservation
The second component will focus on scaling up an integrated landscape approach to the preservation of land, forests
and biodiversity for enhanced resilience, well-being and conservation. Better planning will sustain better
management of environmental resources and protection of locally unique ecosystems. Poor people in the target
regions are rarely involved in decision-making, analysing constraints and identifying possible solutions. Activities
will thus additional target informational needs and landscape planning support, in particular targeting community
associations and decentralized staff. Knowledge and capacity will be strengthened through targeted awarenessraising and outreach programs for the benefit of beneficiaries, NGOs and decentralized authorities. Considerations
for biodiversity conservation will be a prime component, with support given to strengthen and promote local actions
in conservation and sustainable and integrated use of resources at the local level. The enabling environment for
environmental planning and monitoring within the regions must be strengthened given weak governance of natural
resources and decentralization processes.
Chad’s high diversity of ecological zones is due to its large size and high latitudinal range. In the project target
regions we find two ecoregions of interest: the Sahelian acacia savanna and Lake Chad flooded savanna. The lack of
formal protection of the Lake Chad flooded savanna draws particular attention because of its international
importance for certain species. Due to political instability, undeveloped civil society, limited national capacity and
generally poor biodiversity data, implementing conservation plans at the national level remains a challenge in Chad.
Efforts need to be undertaken to identify and develop more sustainable conservation schemes and piloting new
community incentive mechanisms to manage and use biodiversity in a sustainable manner. There is also great need
for better land-use planning.
The project will thus assess, identify and pilot a number of biodiversity conservation activities in the project target
regions. In particular, these will focus on the planned SLM and SFM areas and include product certification and
community-based conservation. A regulatory system will be identified and implemented to support biodiversity
conservation in the ecoregions of critical BD importance, including community based NRM plans that address
biodiversity and an assessment of the feasibility of a PES scheme and establishing a PA system for Chad’s Sahelian
acacia savanna or Lake Chad flooded savanna ecoregions. Even if it is considered to hold one of the highest levels
of biological diversity of the Sahelo-saharian countries, the national biological diversity of Chad has been poorly
documented. Hence, enhanced information and data on biodiversity of global importance will be an additional
activity covering the Sahelian region.
Component 3 – Knowledge, Monitoring & Evaluation
The GEF project will support targeted environmental knowledge focused on enhancing integrated landscape
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
management and agro-sylvo-pastoral planning. Assessments will directly feed into the design, development, and
monitoring of SLFM activities and micro-projects under Component 1. The component will have a strong emphasis
on M&E, thereby also taking stock of innovative SLFM technologies and the dissemination of best practices on
improved Sahelian farming and biodiversity conservation to stakeholders. Through participatory processes,
facilitators and project implementers will better assess community capacities and design specific training and
outreach programs with greatest effectiveness. Training will allow beneficiaries to gradually take on more
responsibilities and will increase ownership over micro-projects. Due to the fragile nature of its resource base, a
better understanding of the region’s ecological biodiversity and conditions is needed. The technical analyses will
feed into the design of the site-specific technology package and measures to ensure biodiversity conservation and
sustainable use are integrated into planning.
Existing barriers to sustainable NRM and agro-sylvo-pastoral production will be overcome by enhancing awareness
and capacity building, by improving knowledge of critical natural systems, by testing solutions and new participatory
approaches to resource management through on the ground demonstrations, and by preserving biodiversity that
sustains the ecological integrity and services of the Lake Chad basin.
4) The incremental/additional cost reasoning and expected contributions from the baseline, the GEFTF, LDCF,
SCCF, and co-financing
With the right level of investment and the right approach, enhancing agricultural production in Chad’s Sahel is
possible. The GEF funds will allow this. Improving the resilience of rural households and ecosystems in the Sahel
requires the adoption of a multi-sector approach to agro-sylvo-pastoral activities. Past approaches based on sectorspecific, fragmented interventions have paid insufficient attention to the complexities and needs demanded by fragile
ecosystems in the region. A holistic and inclusive approach based on the entire landscape better addresses drivers of
environmental degradation.
By making sustained investments in land, water and forest conservation, agro-sylvo-pastoralism and household
resilience, contributions from Chad's land degradation, biodiversity and SFM focal areas will enable the project to
tackle the root causes of major environmental challenges and apply cross-sectoral responses needed to ensure food
security while preserving the environment. In addition, the integrated approach of the GEF project will promote a
more effective, bottom-up implementation of activities. So far, resilience initiatives in the country that introduce
enhanced, multi-sectoral technologies for productive activities are few. The incremental reasoning is based on these
fundamental gaps. Practices that have demonstrated their effectiveness to enhance sustainability and resilience of
production systems in dryland ecosystems have been implemented at small scales in other areas. This project will
promote the development of these practices on a larger scale in the target regions, which are those of most critical
need in Chad. GEF incremental funds will permit targeted ecosystems to be more productive, better preserved and
more resilient.
P2RS Project 1 will be financed through loans and grants. Resources for national components will be mobilized from
AfDB country allocations and the regional operations window. For Chad, co-financing will come from an ADF grant
of USD 15 million and expected combined contributions from the government and beneficiaries of USD 2.6 million.
Government contributions will be used to finance capital expenditure as well as operating costs. The contribution of
beneficiaries will be in kind (execution of works) and cash by bearing the operating and maintenance costs of socioeconomic infrastructure and facilities. GEF funding will strengthen on-the-ground activities in Chad: technical
activities will be based on analyses of the household economy, production systems and their underlying resilience
needs. These will seek to optimize available resources; improve agricultural practices and soil productivity; develop
benefits from agricultural products; and mainstream the gender and nutritional dimension into interventions.
The proposed project has been developed as a multi-focal area operation combining several of the GEF strategic
goals. The project will directly address land degradation and productivity in the targeted area by promoting
community-based sustainable land, forest and water management practices to reduce pressure on natural resources
from competing land uses while promoting climate change resilience (LD1). It will promote an INRM approach
through on-the-ground interventions and capacity building (LD3) thus ensuring land restoration, carbon sequestration
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
and improved productivity of agricultural and pastoral landscapes. The project will address biodiversity conservation
and sustainable use of landscapes (BD3) which ensure conservation and at the same time generate revenue as
alternative income sources. SFM incremental funds are requested in order to reduce pressure on forest resources
(SFM2), thereby addressing issues of deforestation and carbon sequestration.
Without GEF, the integrity and sustainability of the natural assets in Chad’s Sahelian regions, particularly its
remaining forest steppe system, pasturelands and wetlands, will continue to degrade, and inefficient resource use will
continue to the detriment of environment and society. Land-use competition between pastoral, agricultural and
wildlife activities will intensify. As areas continue to experience population growth, natural vegetation will be
systematically cleared for food production. These unsustainable patterns are reinforcing poverty and curbing the
future sustainable growth potential of the regions and country as a whole. Without GEF support, root causes will not
be addressed and the knowledge base needed to sustain ecosystem productivity over time without harming
biodiversity will be limited. Without GEF activities, the objectives and successful implementation of both the AfDB
regional and Chad projects in enhancing food and nutrition security will not be effective in truly tackling needs and
barriers on the ground. This will lead to further deforestation, land degradation, desertification and biodiversity loss
as well as increase the already extreme vulnerability of land users and their households.
With GEF, the project will enhance the ecosystem goods and services provided by inhabited drylands on which rests
the food security of those who depend on their availability and quality. The aim will be to integrate environmental
considerations in the culture of small farmers and other stakeholders to allow an increase in the productivity of agroforest crops, conservation and integral ecosystems. GEF financing will be instrumental to ensure preservation of
unique ecosystems for the long-term viability and resilience of production systems and people in Chadian Sahel.
5) Global environmental benefits (GEFTF) and/or adaptation benefits (LDCF/SCCF)
The GEF project's development objective is to help restore Chad’s fragile ecosystems by enabling local communities
and institutions to rehabilitate degraded lands and forests and protect biodiversity. The project will generate
environmental benefits through a number of GEF focal areas while simultaneously advancing the Government’s
main development objectives and its commitments under environmental conventions and poverty reduction
strategies. It will also look to past initiatives in the region, including the World Bank/UNDP GEF project “Reversal
of Land and Water Degradation Trends in the Lake Chad Basin”. The project will build on this project’s Chad target
areas (Lake Chad shoreline, Lake Fitri and Chari river), selecting additional areas within which biodiversity must be
mainstreamed and enhanced action/management plans for sustainable NRM and conservation. In order to ensure
continuity of critical activities in highly vulnerable areas and to make sure these are sustained over time for enhanced
productivity, food security, and biodiversity protection, enhanced investments need to be made, given also the
increased impact expected by climate change and refugee influxes.
At the local level there will be a number of expected positive socio-economic impacts and numerous impacts on the
biophysical and human environment, including: (i) improved availability of water for crops, livestock and trees; (ii)
improved and diversified agro-forest productivity and reduced post-harvest losses; (iii) reduced vulnerability to
climatic and other shocks; (iv) diversification of activities, income generation and job creation; (v) preservation of
natural resources and improved resource management; (vi) better access to basic socio-economic services; and (vii)
secured food production. The project aims to strengthen a trend towards sustainable management, regeneration and
protection of Sahelian ecosystems. An increase in the population’s resilience resulting from facilities and
technologies will enable beneficiaries, especially women, to better their socio-economic status. Improved provision
of ecosystem goods and services and enhanced resilience will have the overall effect of securing food and nutrition.
Project activities will have major positive impacts on natural environments, biodiversity, but also adaptation and
mitigation. The expected regeneration of vegetation cover from GEF activities through harnessing of surface water,
actions to protect woody resources, soil preservation and the rational management of agro-sylvo-pastoral lands will
contribute to safeguarding the services provided by production systems and generating intertwined global and local
environmental benefits. Global benefits will cut across different GEF focal areas to result in: (i) a reduction in the
negative trends in land degradation, specifically desertification and deforestation, through adoption of better SLFM
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
and INRM practices in the targeted zones; (ii) conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and the maintenance
of habitats in Chad’s unique Sahelian regions through enhanced awareness and landscape planning; (iii) reduced
GHGs and increase in carbon stocks, over time, through restored vegetation as a result of better managed forest,
improved soil conservation and avoided deforestation; and (iv) increased adaptation to climate change as a knock-off
effect of enhanced resilience. Furthermore, the project will contribute in one way or another to Aichi targets 1, 2, 5,
7, 14, 15, and 19.
In terms of quantifiable global environmental benefits, specifically the project will result in: 7,000 ha of degraded
cropland under SLM and 3,000 ha under pastoral rangeland management; avoided deforestation and forest
degradation (% reduction lost); enhanced carbon stock through SFM, restoration, agro-forestry, etc (on 5,000 ha).
with a cumumulative avoided GHG emissions of 15,000 metric tons; and number of ha of production landscapes
(TBD) that include biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.
6) Innovativeness, sustainability, and potential for scaling up
The transition to the oil era in Chad has brought major revenues to the economy. As the underlying basis and outlook
for growth in Chad continues to improve, it becomes ever more important that conservation and sound natural
resource use be integrated effectively into development planning. Adopting these at an early stage will be pivotal to
precluding irreversible environmental damage. The interconnection of environmental and socio-economic threats in
Chad demands holistic approaches that balance the ecological, economic, social, and financial needs of communities.
These approaches have heretofore been limited or lacking. The project will thus be innovative in addressing such an
approach and techniques that both change landscapes and breathe new life into soils long depleted of their nutrients.
The innovative aspects of the GEF project are related to: (i) the impact of interventions based on the elimination of
production and human-induced constraints; (ii) technical innovations for drylands; and (iii) enhanced institutional
and community awareness and capacity to sustainably manage biodiversity and resources together. As it is also the
aim of the project to ensure sustainability and replicability, GEF activities will promote and scale up project results
and activities to other areas in the country via knowledge sharing and to the region via the AfDB regional program.
CILSS will help ensure the scale up of interventions at regional level emerging from national level activities and
sustainability of project achievements and objectives.
The establishment of activities and infrastructure that are economically, financially and technically viable will help
ensure the sustainability of project interventions. Sustainability hinges on: careful sizing and targeting of
infrastructure; stakeholder participation and ownership (men and women) and involvement of beneficiaries in all
stages of planning and implementation; quality of facilities and equipment; and the viability of production activities
suitable to the agro-ecological zone. To ensure post-project sustainability, for each operation the project will give
preference to time-tested and low-tech but resilient mechanisms, thereby furthering the scope and consistency of the
actions undertaken.
Taking into account replicability and scale up, the design of the project is articulated around the following principles
and strategies: giving priority to facilities that can adapt to the conditions of the target areas; complementarity with
other interventions; developing synergies with actors in the rural sector; promotion of rural employment; and
implementation through a results-oriented approach including M&E and participatory management based on relevant
indicators of achievement and impact. The regional approach chosen for the bigger AfDB program is justified
because countries of the Sahel share difficulties related to that particular agro-ecological zone and significant transborder issues, such as migration, drought, and disease. As agro-ecological zones transcend political boundaries, the
technologies successful in one country of the Sahel will benefit other countries too. The activities planned in Chad
will become lessons learned for regional up-take and will have an effective avenue for knowledge sharing and
replicability. At the same time, the regional dimension of the AfDB program can feed new ideas into Chad’s
activities and contribute to developing synergy with interventions of governments and partners on food security and
resilience.
2. Stakeholders. Will project design include the participation of relevant stakeholders from civil society and
indigenous people? (yes
/no ) If yes, identify key stakeholders and briefly describe how they will be engaged in
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
project design/preparation.
The project targets the most vulnerable households, subsistence smallholders and pastoralists. It will promote
collaboration with households and farmer organizations that are most exposed to environmental degradation.
Whenever possible, activities (particularly capacity building) will be implemented through civil society organizations
to enhance reach and acceptance. The aim is to ensure that the poorest, most food insecure and marginalized sectors
of society are targeted. Partner civil society organizations will be engaged at formulation and implementation to
carry out relevant project activities. Preference will also be given to an intervention process based on prior
commitment and effective participation of men and women from the communities concerned as well as the local
authorities and decentralized technical services. These various players will benefit from project support to build their
technical and organizational capacity and skills.
Special attention will be paid to women and children given their more acute food and nutritional insecurity. Priority
areas have been selected on the basis of exchanges and discussions with national officials, rural community
representatives and officials of sub-regional and international organizations involved in food insecurity and
malnutrition initiatives. Primary criteria for choice of target regions were the structural nature of vulnerability and
poverty; the rate of prevalence of food and nutrition insecurity; the occurrence of climate change (drought and
floods); the state of degradation of natural resources; the potential for increasing production, productivity and
incomes; and possible synergy and complementarities with ongoing programs.
During baseline program identification, broad-based consultations were held and a participatory approach was
followed throughout the process of program formulation. During preparation and appraisal phases, consultations and
discussions were held with key institutions and stakeholders, including national institutions in charge of agriculture,
fisheries, stock breeding, environment, health, and water. The consultative process was extended to civil society
(NGOs, including women’s organizations, farmers’ organizations, etc.). Meetings were organized with the
communities, key actors in production systems and administrative and local authorities which provided the
opportunity not only to share information on the project and collect data on impact areas, but also to discuss the
activities to be carried out. Women’s groups were involved in these meetings to better understand the difficulties
faced and better consideration of needs. These elements were properly taken into account in designing the operation
and such a participatory approach will continue to feed into project preparation/implementation. The monitoring and
evaluation system to be developed will also involve various stakeholders to ensure smooth implementation and
reaching targets.
A PMU responsible for implementation and supervision will be composed of representatives of the array of actors in
the rural sphere, including local authorities, decentralized technical services departments, representatives of
beneficiaries, CSOs, etc. By encouraging beneficiary participation and access to decision-making processes, the
project will play a strategic role in the development of social capital and in ensuring a sustainable process for
meeting the economic needs of the rural populations in the target areas. By closely involving farm and village
councils (choice of sites, allocation of land, organization of agricultural and pastoral space, etc.), it will also
contribute to significantly consolidating the local development process and the promotion of good governance.
3. Gender Considerations. Are gender considerations taken into account? (yes
/no ). If yes, briefly describe
how gender considerations will be mainstreamed into project preparation, taken into account the differences, needs,
roles and priorities of men and women.
For people who live in the central Sahelian regions, livelihoods are extremely precarious. The most vulnerable,
however, are those who are socially disadvantaged, including women. Twenty-three percent of Chadian households
are headed by women and 54% of these live on less than USD 1/day. Restrictive social practices limit women’s
access to education, information, technology and training, and to resources such as land and rural finance. Most
women lack access to fertile land and live off minor food-processing activities, the sale of firewood, and informal
sector jobs. Women also form the backbone of the rural economy, working in the fields, tending livestock, and
bearing responsible for most household chores, such as caring for children, cooking, and fetching water and
firewood. As a result of mortality and male migration, women now outnumber men, and female headed households
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
are growing in Chad. These households are particularly vulnerable to poverty and environmental degradation.
In general, gender inequality indices in Sahelian societies are among the lowest. Social indicators of women’s status
in terms of literacy rates, access to the job market, life expectancy and maternal and infant mortality are disquieting.
In these countries, poverty has a female face. Women however have the potential to significantly contribute to
strengthening resilience to food insecurity as they carry out more than 65% of agricultural activities in the entire
Sahel region. With growing resource degradation, women’s workload, responsibilities and risks have increased
considerably as they try to cope with harsh and changing realities.
Given that food and nutrition security are the project goals and that women and children are affected most, the
project will tackle the gender and socio-economic dimensions of these realities and take into account the gender
dimension in all its components. It will ensure the construction of gender-sensitive infrastructure and technologies to
foster economic empowerment and the development of income sources. It will contribute to strengthening the
position of women in production systems by enhancing income-generating activities such as the processing of
agricultural products and the strengthening of capacities of groups or associations of women. The project will also
focus on rural activities in which women have a recognized know-how (market gardening, rice, small livestock,
poultry, processing activities, marketing of dairy products) and from which they can draw income.
Specific gender promotion activities will include: producing and analyzing gender-disaggregated data throughout
project implementation; strengthening the position of women’s groups in the area of agricultural and forestry
product processing; facilitating women’s access to factors of production; promoting gender-sensitive infrastructure
(micro-irrigation areas, upgraded rural roads, etc.); ensuring equal access by men and women to information,
capacity building trainings and awareness campaigns; and hiring a gender expert for the national PMU.
4 Risks. Indicate risks, including climate change, potential social and environmental risks that might prevent the
project objectives from being achieved, and, if possible, propose measures that address these risks to be further
developed during the project design (table format acceptable).
The risks identified in relation to the effective execution and sustainability of project activities are related to project
implementation and exogenous constraints. These threats and their mitigating actions are outlined below:
(i) climate hazards: The increased frequency of droughts and floods and their impact on crops will be mitigated by
the project’s direct focus on resilience which will gradually contribute to lessen the impacts of climate variability.
Activities planned under the project, such as enhanced agricultural practices and crop diversification, extension of
water-stress and heat resilient species, water management, etc. will help to better cope with shocks and enhance
resilience of rural communities.
(ii) institutional and organizational weaknesses: The project aims to build on existing structures, notably those of
CILSS and national project executing agencies, which will help ensure smooth implementation.
(iii) farmer/breeder conflicts: This risk will be mitigated through mediation efforts and specific activities that take
into account their separate though interlinked realities and needs.
(iv) project/community conflicts: A reality for any donor sponsored program, these will be mitigated through the
establishment of mechanisms for consultation and awareness raising activities, including a communication plan,
workshops, and development of capacity-building training programs.
Given the type of works to be carried out (irrigated areas, boreholes, socio-economic infrastructure, etc.), P2RS
Project 1 is classified under Environmental Category 2 according to the AfDB’s environmental and social safeguard
procedures. Project 1 underwent a strategic environmental and social assessment in accordance with the Bank’s
procedures and the regulatory frameworks of the countries concerned. If some activities are likely to produce low-tomoderate negative impacts on the environmental and social realities of the area these will be less than the overall
environmental benefits brought by the GEF project activities. The Environmental and Social Management Plan
(ESMP) proposes tools required for the environmental and social monitoring of the project. Environmental impact
mitigation measures include the preparation and validation of a sub-project selection procedure which complies with
the country’s regulations; the preparation and monitoring of land use plans in each impact municipal council or area;
the preparation of sub-project environmental and social management guides; and the promotion of good farming and
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
natural resources management practices.
5. Coordination. Outline the coordination with other relevant GEF-financed and other initiatives.
All current relevant GEF initiatives in Chad are multi-focal or international waters (IW) projects in regional Lake
Chad conservation programs. Other donor initiatives also have a strong emphasis on the regional dimension, many
on Lake Chad or a strong focus on Sahelian food security programs. The AfDB GEF-funded Lake Chad Basin
Regional Program for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Natural Resources and Energy Efficiency
(PROGRAM) is a regional initiative aiming to maintain the ecosystem services of the Lake Chad Basin by
conserving water and ensuring the sustainable use of resources. The UNDP GEF Improving Lake Chad Management
through Building Climate Change Resilience and Reducing Ecosystem Stress through Implementation of the SAP
focuses on achieving climate resilient, integrated ecosystem-based management of the Lake Chad Basin through
implementation of agreed policy, legal and institutional reforms and investments that improve water quality and
quantity, protect biodiversity, and sustain livelihoods. Efforts will be made to coordinate knowledge, given the
obvious overlaps in objectives and outcomes, despite a regional focus on the Lake Chad basin.
A past GEF (IW) project implemented by the World Bank and UNDP, Reversal of Land and Water Degradation
Trends in the Lake Chad Basin Ecosystem Project, ended in 2008 but is still highly relevant. A regional initiative
covering the five countries that share the Lake Chad Basin, namely Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad,
Niger, and Nigeria, the project was designed to build capacity within the Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) to
effectively manage land and water resources, enhance policy initiatives and transboundary institutional mechanisms
to ensure joint management and development of resources, and conduct a transboundary diagnosis analysis (TDA),
including implementing pilot demonstration projects and a Strategic Action Program (SAP). The AfDB GEF project
will build on lessons leanred from the pilot demonstrations in Chad and further help ensure that human demands for
the natural resources of the Basin - principally land and water – do not irreversibly destroy this ecosystem and its
critical watershed.
Chad is currently part of a number of initiatives which involve its regional African counterparts, the majority of
which are multi-country adaptation or rural development programs. There is a strong focus on water management,
agriculture, and food security. These projects are being funded by diverse partners but FAO, EU, IFAD and World
Bank feature most prominently. Most relevant are a recently GEF approved IFAD project on Enhancing the
resilience of the agricultural ecosystems (PARSAT), and two World Bank projects (PSG – Agriculture production
support project [GEF] and Community-Based Ecosystem Management Project) with which AfDB will closely
coordinate for synergies and complementarities. The Chad Sahel project will allow expansion of lessons learned on
sustainable NRM to other critical areas of the country. It will complement and add to positive donor experiences in
Chad and the Sahel.
The AfDB has many years of involvement in the Sahel, particularly in the management and control of water, the
development of livestock and fisheries sectors as well as natural resources management. These experiences show that
adequate medium- and long-term investments in the resilience of vulnerable households are critical to addressing
shocks (famine, drought, conflict, etc.) and resilience. AfDB’s current project builds upon such initiatives as the
Lake Chad Sustainable Development Program (PRODEBALT), Program to Rehabilitate and Strengthen the
Resilience of Socio-ecological Systems in the Lake Chad Basin (PRESIBALT), and Rural, Pastoral and
Transhumance Infrastructure Project (PIRPT). Best practices have been used to devise this new intervention with
considerations for what has been most effective and what is missing from the myriad of on-going adaptation and
rural development initiatives. The GEF project will take example but fill necessary gaps.
Chad’s unique position within the central Africa region aligns it with initiatives for the Congo Basin and the Sahel
(as a member of both the Central African Forests Commission [COMIFAC] and CILSS). As such, the project is in a
distinctive position to coordinate with important regional initiatives, funded by GEF or developed for national
governments with the help from donors, includin the Great Green Wall (GGW) program. The proposed project
contributes to the objectives of the GGW Initiative which in turn will offer a large platform for exchange of
experience on resilient natural resources based livelihoods. The proposed project will also link to the Sahel and West
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
Africa Program (SAWAP) in Support of the GGW funded by the GEF which addresses major issues related to land
degradation, including food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, in twelve countries. The proposed
project in Chad and SAWAP share similar objectives to expand sustainable NRM, food security, and climate
resilience in targeted landscapes.
The Global Alliance for Resilience Initiative (AGIR) - Sahel and West Africa is a tool for coordinating assistance
towards building resilience to the effects of climate change in the Sahel and seeks to achieve the “Zero Hunger” goal
of eradicating hunger and malnutrition in the next 20 years. Several operations have been designed within the
framework of the AGIR, including the Strategy for Security and Development in the Sahel (EU), Resilience in the
Sahel Enhanced (USAID), the UN System’s Integrated Strategies for the Sahel, and The Sahel: Toward a Regional
Approach (World Bank). The AfDB GEF project will further contribute to these and the Bank will participate
actively in AGIR’s activities and build on them to better coordinate its operations with other partners. To this end,
consultations which were initiated during program design will be continued during implementation. The proposed
project in Chad has therefore been designed to ensure synergies with both national and regional level initiatives.
6. Consistency with National Priorities. Is the project consistent with the National strategies and plans or reports and
assessements under relevant conventions? (yes
/no ). If yes, which ones and how: NAPAs, NAPs, ASGM
NAPs, MIAs, NBSAPs, NCs, TNAs, NCSAs, NIPs, PRSPs, NPFE, BURs, etc.
The project fully aligns to priorities expressed in Chad’s UNCCD NAP (one national and one sub-regional in this
case: SRAP – West Africa, in which Chad was included) and NBSAP due to its targeting the reduction of
desertification and land degradation and biodiversity loss. The SRAP/WA was developed for the adoption of the
UNCCD’s Ten-year Strategy (2008-2018) and addresses the concerns of the 17 ECOWAS and CILSS countries to
improve implementation of the UNCCD and the sustainable management of shared resources. Chad’s 2002 NAP
centers on combatting desertification particularly in the Sahelian and Sudanian regions. It aims to safeguard Chad's
most important and threatened ecosystems, while improving national policies and capacity to preserve the production
potential of land and water and to mitigate the effects of drought.
The NBSAP aims to promote conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, with integration into national plans
and or cross-sectoral policies, and the fair and equitable use of biodiversity resources. The NBSAP has five axis: (a)
improving knowledge and monitoring of biodiversity; (b) conservation and restoration of ecosystems and threatened
species; (c) use of alternative resources to crub consumption of wood; (d) sustainable practices and a more
sustainable exploitation of agriculture, fisheries, and forests in order to conserve biodiversity; and (e) fair and
equitable use of biodiversity resources and community-based actions to promote biodiversity conservation. This
project is in line with each objective through its multi-focal emphasis.
Chad ratified the UNFCCC in April 1993 and submitted its first National Communication (NC) in 2001 containing
information on national GHGs, mitigation options, climate change impact assessments as well as climate change
vulnerability and adaptation measures. The second NC was prepared in June 2012. Chad’s NAPA, prepared in 2009,
identifies urgent actions for expanding the range of climate change coping strategies. The NAPA proposes ten
adaptation projects and programs with a strong focus on addressing the country’s vulnerability in the agriculture and
food sector. Eight of the ten proposed projects deal with agriculture and livestock directly. The GEF project aligns to
the country’s needs by strengthening the capacity of exposed rural actors and supporting sustainable production and
diversification; rational management of natural resources under threat; protection and securing of ecosystems at risk.
The project thus supports the country’s NBSAP, NAP and NAPA but also implementation of food security and
adaptation priorities in agricultural production systems as identified by the Government in its national development
policies and plans. Agricultural development is a leading priority in the Government’s poverty reduction strategy.
Chad’s National Development Plan (NDP) is considered the third poverty reduction strategy for Chad and focuses on
a set of priorities, notably the creation of new productive capacities and opportunities for decent jobs, human capital
development and the fight against inequality, poverty and social exclusion, environmental protection and climate
change adaptation, and improved governance. The project conforms with these priorities by creating value added in
the rural sector and promoting capacity building in environmental management for food security. The Government’s
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
main framework for promoting growth, poverty reduction, and food security is the National Food Security Program
(Programme National de Sécurité Alimentaire) Second Phase 2011-15 (NFSP-II), which is supported by several
bilateral and multilateral organizations. The project fits in this framework and responds directly to a national
emergency appeal on food security.
There are strong links between the biodiversity strategy, the NAPA, the desertification plans, and the NFPS. Each
centers around common goals of sustainable development and food security through improved water management,
mitigation of land degradation from the effects of drought and climate change, and agricultural production with the
protection of natural resources. The project addresses each of these interfaces.
In accordance with the Bank’s Ten-Year Strategy, the project will contribute to promoting inclusive development in
the Sahel, regional integration, as well as socio-economic stability in Chad. It also aligns to the Results-based
Country Strategy Paper (RBCSP) on strengthening economic diversification by improving rural infrastructure with a
view to increasing crop yields, ensuring better management and development of agro-pastoral and transhumance
resources, and improving access to basic services.
7. Knowledge Management. Outline the knowledge management approach for the project, including, if any, plans for
the project to learn from other relevant projects and initiatives, to assess and document in a user-friendly form, and
share these experiences and expertise with relevant stakeholders.
Joint missions of supervision, monitoring and review will be organized during the execution of the project. A
framework for monitoring and evaluation (M&E) will be developed early in the implementation of the project to
identify relevant indicators and monitoring procedures. The information collected in the context of M&E will feed
into activities for knowledge management, identify and share good practices, identify problems and constraints and
promote the continuous improvement of the project and its contribution to the implementation of national and
regional strategies on food security and rural development.
The GEF project will help to train and consolidate the knowledge of stakeholders, particularly farmers and staff at
decentralized levels. A system for managing and sharing lessons on project activities will be established by setting up
a portal with other related services (electronic document management, work platform, etc.) to build on and manage
the knowledge and experience acquired. The evaluation of program outcomes and impacts will be conducted at the
national and regional levels under the supervision of M&E experts.
In addition, a harmonized gender-sensitive M&E mechanism and implementation manual will be prepared at national
level to operationalize the indicators of the logical framework and lay down a collection, feedback, processing and
reporting channel. Special emphasis will be laid on targeting the most relevant parameters that can be monitored and
collected internally, and on defining those relating specifically to women. Monitoring and knowledge management
will notably cover, inter alia: (i) the rate of reduction of acute and chronic malnutrition and underweight; (ii) the rate
of improvement of food insecurity; (iii) the rate of reduction in the number of persons vulnerable to food and
nutrition insecurity; (iv) the level of additional production (tons) and crop yield (t/ha); (v) the rate of increase in the
income of project target population; (vi) rural infrastructure construction rate (surface areas developed, number of
pastoral facilities, number of preservation, processing and marketing facilities, number of rural roads, number of
socio-economic facilities, etc.); (vii) agricultural produce processing rate and type and number of agro-industrial
units set up; (viii) farmer supervision rate; (ix) quantity of training and number of men and women trainers; (x)
percentage of increase in resources allocated to women; (xi) level of involvement of women in decision-making
bodies (percentage); and (xii) number of youths trained and established.
PART III: APPROVAL/ENDORSEMENT BY GEF OPERATIONAL FOCAL POINT(S) AND GEF
AGENCY(IES)
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities
A. RECORD OF ENDORSEMENT8 OF GEF OPERATIONAL FOCAL POINT (S) ON BEHALF OF THE GOVERNMENT(S):
(Please attach the Operational Focal Point endorsement letter(s) with this template. For SGP, use this SGP OFP
endorsement letter).
DATE (MM/dd/yyyy)
NAME
POSITION
MINISTRY
Mr. Hakim DJIBRIL
Advisor
MINISTRY
OF 10/03/2015
ENVIRONMENT AND
AGRICULTURE
B. GEF AGENCY(IES) CERTIFICATION
This request has been prepared in accordance with GEF policies9 and procedures and meets the GEF
criteria for project identification and preparation under GEF-6.
Agency
Coordinator,
Agency name
Mahamat
ASSOUYOUTI
African
Development
Bank
Signature
Date
(MM/dd/yyyy)
03/10/2015
Project
Contact
Telephone
Email
Person
Laokole
+23522524778 [email protected]
Dedjoguere
Antoinette
C. ADDITIONAL GEF PROJECT AGENCY CERTIFICATION (APPLICABLE ONLY TO NEWLY ACCREDITED GEF
PROJECT AGENCIES)
For newly accredited GEF Project Agencies, please download and fill up the required GEF Project Agency Certification
of Ceiling Information Template to be attached as an annex to the PIF.
8
For regional and/or global projects in which participating countries are identified, OFP endorsement letters from these countries are required
even though there may not be a STAR allocation associated with the project.
9 GEF policies encompass all managed trust funds, namely: GEFTF, LDCF, and SCCF
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GEF-6 PIF – Building Resilience for Food security and Nutrition in Chad’s rural commuities