Download Chad: Country Report

REPUBLIC OF CHAD
WELCOME TO CHAD
By: MOLENGAR NGOUNDO
Master’s of Science
(Dec., 2003)
CHAD
Location: North-Central Africa.
Landlocked country, bounded
by Cameroon, Nigeria, Niger in
West; Central African Republic
in South, Sudan in East; Libya
in North.
Geographic coordinates:
15 00 N, 19 00 E
Total area: 1,284,000
Km2.
Flag: Blue- Yellow - Red
AFRICA MAP
CLIMATE
Tropical in South, Desert in North, the
climate is caracterized by three
ecological zones:
1. Saharian zone desert in North:
( < 200 mm of rain);
2. Sahelian zone in Center:
(200 mm to 700 mm of rain) ;
3. Soudanian zone in South:
(700 mm to + 1,000 mm of rain).
Saharian Zone
Sahelian Zone
Two seasons:
Rainy season (From June to early
September in sahelian zone and from
April to October in Soudanian zone)
Dry season from October to May in
Sahelian Zone and from November to
March in Soudanian zone.
Soudanian Zone
RELIEF AND HYDROGRAPHY
RELIEF
Desert in North with mountains and
plateaus in North-East, arid, savanna
with Lake Chad in West, massif in
Center, highland in East and lowlands in
South. Lowest point, Djourab: 160m;
Highest point, Emi-koussi: 3,415 m
HYDROGRAPHY
Permanent rivers: Logone (1,000 km
long), Chari (1,200 km long).
Lakes: Lake Chad (25,000 km2 before
1970, now 10,000 sq.km). Seven other
lakes total area of 720 Km2.
Underground water. Renewable: 20.6
million m3/year; Exploitable: 263 to 455
3
Slow progression
through the Sahara
Desert of Chad
Mountains of Tibesti
Ouedds of Zoumri
Emi Koussi, Tibesti, Chad
Tousside, Tibesti, Chad
Location: 19.80 N, 18.53 E
Elevation: 11,204 ft. (3,415 m)
Location: 21.03N, 16.45E
Elevation: 10,712 ft. (3,265 m)
Tibesti, Neolotic prints
on the mountains of Bardaï
Landscape of Tibesti
Mountains
of Ennedi
Tibesti, Hole of Natron
(Sodium bicarbonate)
Chari
River
Lake-Chad and its
hippopotamuses
This is a space shot
provided by the US
Geological Survey,
taken in 1963.
This was taken in 1997.
Essentially, the lake has been
reduced to that dark portion at
the end of the yellow arrow.
This is a space shot taken in
October 1968.
AGRICULTURAL AREAS
Arable lands:
Total area: 39 million ha,
Cultivated: About 2.2 million ha / year.
Irrigable lands:
Total irrigable area: 5.5 million ha,
Exploited surface: 7,000 ha
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
1. NATURAL RESOURCES

Bauxite, Uranium, Oil, Gold, Ore, Natron (sodium
carbonate), Kaolin, Fish (Lake Chad).

Petroleum (exploited on 2 sites: The first one in
South financed by World Bank for exportation
and the second one in North financed by R.O.C.
for local consumption).
Pipeline
1,070 Km
ESSO-CHAD
Chad – Cameroon pipeline
DOBA Oil Basin
(250,000 bbl day-1)
Consortium: EXXONCHEVRON-PETRONAS-CHAD
2. POPULATION AND
ADMINISTRATIVE SITUATION
Population: 8,707,078 inhabitants (2001 E).
Population growth rate: 3.31%.
Birth rate: 45 births/1,000 (2000)
Infant mortality rate: 101 deaths/1,000 (2000)
Life expectancy at birth: 47 yrs Male, 50.5 yrs Female.
Officials languages: French, Arabic.
Government: Type Republic,
Capital: N’Djaména
Administration Division: 8 Regions, and 47 Departments.
H.E. Mr. IDRISS DEBY
PRESIDENT OF THE
REPUBLIC OF CHAD
3. ECONOMY

Major industries: Cotton, Meat packing, Natron, Soap,
Cigarettes, Beer brewing, Sugar, Construction materials
and recently Gold and Petroleum.
GDP-purchasing power parity:$7.6 billion.
 GDP-per capita:$240.
 Annual growth: 8%
 GDP-composition by sector: Agriculture: 38%;
Industry and breeding: 14%, Services: 48%.

3. ECONOMY (Cont’d)
Exportation:
Chad exports cotton, Arabic gum, cotton textiles, livestock,
to some countries such as Nigeria, South Africa, Costa
Rica, France, Portugal, Germany, Thailand, USA.
Importation:
Although Chad has largely achieved food self-sufficiency
foodstuffs still constitute most of the country’s imports.
Other import products include machinery, transportation
equipment, and industrial goods. Chad also imports
petroleum products although this is expected to change in
the near future as the country starts to exploit its own
resources.
4. NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

Animals: abundant and various, they are mammals
the most representative of African continent (134
species and 14 threatened species);

Migratory birds: 370 species interesting Ostrich
and 15 threatened species.

Natural forests: 32.5 million hectares with 1,600
species of higher plants.
Some animals in Zakouma Park
Equinoxial
Buffalo
Lion
Elephant
Hippopotamus
Cheetah
Rhinoceros
Phacochere
Oryx
Birds in the river
Ostrich
Date trees around Oasis
Pupils go to school
throughout the forest
Type of forest in extreme
South of Chad
SYSTEM OF PRODUCTION
 Three types:
 1.Oasian system: Date production, camel breeding,
subsistence irrigated agriculture.

2. Pastoral and agro-pastoral system: Dune
cultivation, nomadic breeding, irrigated agriculture.

3.Diversified
soudanian
system:
Cereals
cultivation, cotton, tubercle, traditional cultivation
through forestry, fishing, hunting.
Oxen bororo
Sheep
Camels
AGRICULTURAL CHANNELS
1.Cereals Channel: main feeding of Country
 2. Fruit, vegetable Channel: less developed.
 3.Root, tubercle channel: contribute to food
security.
 4. Cotton Channel: Contribute to 12% on GDP.
 5. Breeding Channel: 12 million of heads.
 6. Forest, Fishing, Hunting Channel.

RURAL WORLD STRUCTURES
Basic organizations: (28,000) Farmers’
grouping; (4,000) Villagers’ Association.
 Legal and Institutional Environment: Civil
service reform, decentralization, privatization
and promotion of private sectors.
 Sustaining service in rural environment:
Extension, Plants protection, Animal health and,
 Research: Six institutions of Research.

GENERAL STRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENT

Strategy in general frame of fighting against poverty:
1. Strengthening financial stabilization
 2. Developing sectors of growth and promoting
private operators of development ;
 3. Improving infrastructures to access to other regions
and correcting regional unbalance;
 4. Reforming State,
 5. Reinforcing national capacities of management..

SOME PICTURES
CATHEDRAL NOTRE DAME
OF N’DJAMENA
KING FAYCAL MOSQUE
OF N’DJAMENA
NATIONAL GUARD’S
CIRCLE
MAO CITY ENTRANCE
Camel for
transportation
Traditional holiday
Traditional instruments
for dancing
Tourists observing a flock of
elephants
CONCLUSION
 Landlocked country, Chad’s economic development
suffers from its geographic remoteness, drought, lack
of infrastructures, lack of mastery of agricultural
production and continuous political turmoil.
 Unavailability and inaccessibly factors of production
materials pose essential problems on well- being of
population.
 Nevertheless, with the exploitation of petroleum, hope
for overcome some development handicaps is
permitted.