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SNC 1D
Space Unit
Exploring the Sun
Here are some
Term
Solar Nebula
Theory
Star
Nebula
Protostar
Nuclear
fusion
Photosphere
Sunspot
Solar Flare
Solar Wind
1.
Name: _______________________
Date: _______________________
definitions that will be used in today’s lesson.
Definition
The theory that describes how stars and planets form from contracting, spinning discs of gas and
dust.
A celestial body made of hot gases, mainly hydrogen and helium. The helium is more dense than the
hydrogen and so falls inward to the deepest part of the star’s core while the hydrogen is found in
the next layers outward. Stars rotate. They rotate faster in the middle than they do at the poles
A vast cloud of gas and thought to be the birthplace of stars and planets.
The hot, condensed object at the centre of a nebula; very young star.
The process of energy production in which hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium nuclei. (Occurs
at a temperature of about 10,000,000C in the area surrounding the Sun’s core.)
The surface layer of the Sun. The temperature here is usually around 6 000oC.
An area of strong magnetic fields on the photosphere of the Sun. These areas are cooler than the
rest of the photosphere at about 4 500oC so they appear as dark spots on the surface. The number
of sunspots on the Sun’s surface changes in a cyclical pattern. Usually their number peaks ever 11
years or so.
A solar flare occasionally occurs near complex groups of sunspots. This is an event where magnetic
fields eject intense streams of charged particles into space.
The name given to the intense streams of charged particles ejected into space by a solar flare.
These particles can form solar storms which can disrupt telecommunications on Earth, damage
electrical equipment on spacecraft and/or cause blackouts by overloading electrical power
networks. The particles also get caught in the Earth’s magnetic fields and produce the aurora
borealis (at North Pole) and aurora australis (at South Pole).
These illustrations propose how a star and a solar system form using Solar Nebula Theory.
Match each illustration on the left with its caption on the right.
Illustration
Caption
i. The spinning nebula begins to contract, and tiny grains start
to collect, building into bigger, rocky lumps called
planetesimals.
A. ___________
ii. If the planetesimals can survive collisions with each other,
they may build up and eventually develop into full-fledged
planets like those in our solar system.
B. ___________
iii. Gravity can set the gas and dust particles in
a nebula into motion around the core of a young star, called a
protostar.
C. ___________
2. Fill in the blanks using words from the word list.
Word List
hydrogen
Protostar
pressure
helium
magnetic
Nebula
planetismal
sunspots
nuclear fusion
winds
stars
10 000 000oC
auroras
gravity
solar flares
photosphere
a)
According to Solar Nebula Theory
i) planets are byproducts of the formation of ___________
ii) the earliest form of a planet is called a __________________ .
iii) the earliest form of a star is called a ___________________ and it is produced in a
______________
b)
The Sun’s energy source is the element _______________ . Hydrogen nuclei are fused together
to make _____________ nuclei. This process produces a great deal of light and heat radiating
outward from the Sun’s ____________ where temperatures of ___________________ make
it possible for this _____________________ reaction to occur.
c)
A stable star (like our Sun) requires that the opposing forces of ______________ pushing
inward and _______________ pushing outward, are balanced.
d)
Cooler, darker looking areas on the Sun’s surface or _________________ are called
___________. They are areas of strong _________________ fields and can give rise to
________________ which can release solar ____________ that hit Earth. These solar winds
can affect telecommunications and spacecraft communications and will help to form the
____________ .
3.
Complete the sentences by choosing the appropriate word(s) from the brackets.
As the Sun gets older, the amount of hydrogen will ___________ (increase/decrease/be
unchanged).
As the Sun gets older, the amount of helium will _____________ (increase/decrease/be
unchanged).
I know this because the Sun turns _______________ (hydrogen/helium) into
________________ (hydrogen/helium) during nuclear __________________ (fusion/fission).
4.
Complete the sentence. Circle the best answer.
In two billion years, the Sun will be ________.
A. smaller, because it will have used up more of its hydrogen, which is the bulk of its size
B. larger, because the helium core and the region of hydrogen fusion will grow
C. the same size, because a star’s size is constant throughout its lifetime
D. a black hole, because the Sun will run out of fuel and collapse upon itself
5.
List three reasons why the Sun’s energy is important to us.
•
_________________________________________________________________________
•
_________________________________________________________________________
•
_________________________________________________________________________
6. Which of the following is an example of how the Sun’s energy interacts with Earth’s atmosphere?
Circle the best answer. (See pg. 339.)
A. The atmosphere absorbs and emits energy from the Sun, warming Earth’s surface.
B. The intense energy from the Sun burns part of Earth’s atmosphere.
C. The Sun’s energy helps the atmosphere grow bigger and stronger.
D. The Sun’s energy changes the colour of the atmosphere, giving it a blue tinge.
7.
Label each section of the pie chart with the correct letter.
Of the energy that the Sun sends toward Earth:
A. Clouds and the atmosphere reflect about 30%.
B. Clouds and the atmosphere absorb about 20%.
C. Earth’s surface absorbs about 50%.
8. What are solar flares associated with? Circle the best answer.
A. sunspot
B. helium core
C. hydrogen levels
D. the speed of rotation of the Sun
9. How does the Sun keep Earth’s surface warm? Circle the best answer.
A. Solar wind brings a tremendous amount of heat to Earth.
B. The Sun creates magnetic impulses to Earth’s core, which stimulates heat production.
C. The Sun stimulates photosynthesis, which releases heat as a byproduct.
D. Some of the heat radiated from the Sun is trapped by Earth’s atmosphere.
10. Continue the graph below to the year 2020 based on the existing trend.
What year would you expect the next peak in sunspot activity? _________
11. Label the parts of the Sun on the diagram below. Choose from the following list of names: core,
photosphere, sunspot. Place on the temperatures: 10 000 000oC, 6 000oC and 4 500oC.