Download BCPS World Geography Curriculum Map

BCPS World Geography Curriculum Map
VDOE Scope and Sequence
Date
1st 9 weeks
Standards/Essential Questions
INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY
EQ1 - What is geography?
EQ2 - Why study geography?
EQ3 - How will geography be studied in this
course?
EQ4 – What terms are important to the study of
geography?
Essential Knowledge/Skills/Understanding
A. Geography is a spatial discipline that encompasses “anything that can be mapped.” The term literally means “to describe the earth.”
a.
Have students describe what geography means to them.
b. Explain that geography means many things and can be studied in many ways.
B. Why study geography?
a.
It helps you enjoy the great outdoors.
b. It gives you marketing perspective.
c.
It can serve a guide for planning.
d. It can make you the life of the party.
e.
It reinforces your spatial thinking.
f.
It can help save the Earth.
g. It helps you choose where to set up house.
h. It helps you understand politics.
i.
It’s a critical tool for business.
j.
It can help you get away from it all.
C. Discuss the importance of where you live in a fun way – perhaps describe stereotypes of US regions.
a.
Explain that geography is typically taught from an “introductory” or “world regions” approach. This
b. course combines both, but focuses on world regions.
D. Important terms:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
archipelago
atoll
bay
canyon
cape
continental divide
delta
equator
estuary
fjord
glacier
gulf
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
u.
v.
w.
x.
headwaters
island
isthmus
lagoon
mesa
ocean currents
peninsula
plateau
reef
strait
seven continents
four oceans
E. Play games with students the first week to introduce geographic terms and concepts. Students should
draw maps and discuss current events from a geographical perspective
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1st 9 weeks
MAPS AND GEOGRAPHIC SKILLS
PowerPoint #1
PowerPoint #2
WG1 – The student will use maps, globes, satellite
images, photographs, or diagrams to
A.
Latitude and longitude define absolute location.
Relative location describes the spatial relationships between and among places.
Areas can be represented using a variety of scales.
The amount of detail shown on a map is dependent on the scale used.
Compass rose (directional indicator) identifies map orientation
Geographic information may be acquired from a variety of sources
Geographic information supports the process of inquiry into the nature of countries, cities, and
environments.
a.
Use a variety of sources supports the process of geographic inquiry.
1
b.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
obtain geographical information about
the world’s countries, cities, and
environments;
apply the concepts of location, scale,
map projection, or orientation;
develop mental maps of world regions;
create and compare political, physical
and thematic maps;
analyze and explain how different
cultures use maps and other visual
images to reflect their own interests and
ambitions;
B.
Absolute Location
a.
Latitude
b. Longitude
C.
Orientation
a.
Map distortion
b. Map projections
c.
Mercator
a.
Robinson
b. Polar
Variety of Sources
a.
GIS (Geographic Information Systems)
b. Field work
c.
Satellite Images
d. Photographs
e.
Maps, globes
f.
Data bases
g. Primary sources
Latitude and longitude define absolute location.
Relative location describes the spatial relationships between and among places
Areas can be represented using a variety of scales
The amount of detail shown on a map is dependent on the scale used
A directional indicator (e.g., compass rose) identifies map orientation)
Maps distort spatial relationships when compared with the globe.
Mental maps are based on objective knowledge and subjective perceptions.
People develop and refine their mental maps both through personal experience and learning.
Mental maps serve as indicators of how well people know the spatial characteristics of certain places. Uses of Mental Maps:
a.
Carry out daily activities (e.g., route to school, shopping)
b. Give directions to others
c.
Understand world events
Ways Mental Maps can be Developed and Refined
a.
Comparing sketch maps to maps in atlases or other resources.
b. Describing the location of places in terms of geographical features and land forms (e.g., west of the Mississippi River, north of the
Gulf of Mexico)
c.
Describing the location of places in terms of the human characteristics of a place (e.g., languages, types of housing, dress, recreation,
customs, traditions)
A map is a visual representation of geographic information. Standard Ways That Maps Show Information:
a.
Symbols
b. Color
c.
Lines
d. Boundaries
e.
Contours
Types of Thematic Maps:
a.
Population, e.g., distribution and density
b. Economic activity
c.
Resource
d. Language
e.
Ethnicity
f.
Climate
g. Precipitation
h. Vegetation
i.
Physical
j.
Political
Maps and other visual images reflect Changes Over Time. Knowledge:
D.
EQ1 – How does using a variety of sources support
the process of geographic inquiry?
EQ2 – What are some uses of latitude and
longitude?
EQ3 – How is relative location used to describe
places?
EQ4 – Why are different scales necessary for
developing map representations?
EQ5 – Why is a directional indicator (e.g., compass
rose) necessary on a map?
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
EQ6- How do maps distort spatial relationships
when compared with the globe?
EQ7 – How do people use mental maps to organize
information?
N.
EQ8 – How are perceptions reflected in mental
maps?
EQ9 – How can mental maps be developed and
refined?
O.
EQ10 – What are ways maps show information?
EQ11 – How do maps reflect changes over time?
P.
EQ12- How are maps and other visual images used
to present a particular bias (positive or negative)
about an area of the earth’s surface?
EQ13 – Why are all map projections distorted?
EQ14 – What are ways in which specific projections
are used to represent data?
WG12 – The student will apply geography to
interpret the past, understand the present, and plan
Scale
Q.
2
for the future by
a)
b)
using geographic knowledge, skills and
perspectives to analyze problems and
make decisions;
relating current events to the physical
and human characteristics of places and
regions.
EQ1 – What are some practical applications of
geography?
EQ2 – How are current events connected to the
geographical characteristics of places and regions?
a.
Map of Columbus’ Time
b. Map of the world today
c.
Satellite Images
d. GIS (Geographic Information Systems)
R. Place Names:
a.
Formosa/Taiwan/Republic of China
b. Palestine/Israel/, West Bank, and Gaza
S. Boundaries:
a.
Africa – 1914, 1990s
b. Europe – before WWII and after WWII; since 1990
c.
Russia and the former Soviet Union
d. Middle East – before 1948, after 1967
T. Perspectives of Place Names
a.
Arabian Gulf – Persian Gulf
b. Sea of Japan – East Sea
c.
Middle East – North Africa and Southwest Asia
U. Disputed Areas
a.
Korea
b. Western Sahara
c.
Former Yugoslavia
d. Kashmir
V. All maps distort the Earth’s surface. Different projections are developed for specific purposes. Selected Map Projections:
a.
Mercator
b. Polar
c.
Robinson
W. Aspects of the Earth That can be Distorted:
a.
Area
b. Shape
c.
Distance
d. Direction
X. Use of Projections:
a.
Mercator – ship navigation
b. Polar – airline navigation
c.
Robinson – data representation
Y. An understanding of the practical applications of geography enables students to be informed, active citizens in their communities.
Z. Geographic Applications at Local and Regional Levels:
a.
Air and water quality monitoring
b. Recycling programs
c.
Land use and transportation planning
d. Selection of locations for residential and commercial development.
e.
Recycling programs
f.
Conversion of land from agricultural use
g. Water resources, e.g., dams, reservoirs, wells, pipelines, ocean
h. Airport expansion
i.
Boundaries, e.g., school zones
j.
Bicycle paths
k. Mass transit
l.
City planning and zoning laws
m. Location and size of public buildings, e.g., schools, recreation centers, hospitals, libraries.
n. Location and types of commercial enterprises
AA. Current events are shaped by the physical and human characteristics of the places and regions where they live.
BB. How Physical Characteristics Influence Current Events:
a.
Natural hazards (e.g., flooding, earthquakes, volcanoes, drought)
b. Climate, vegetation
CC. How Human Characteristics Influence Current Events:
a.
Population distribution
3
b.
c.
d.
e.
1st 9 weeks
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
WG2 – The student will analyze how selected
physical and ecological processes shape the Earth’s
surface by
a)
b)
c)
identifying regional climatic patterns and
weather phenomena and their effects on
people and places;
describing how humans influence the
environment and are influenced by it;
explaining how technology effects one’s
ability to modify the environment and
adapt to it.
EQ1 – What are the common characteristics that
define climate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
EQ2 – What are the elements that influence regional
climate patterns?
EQ3 – What vegetation is characteristic of key
climatic zones?
G.
EQ4 – Where do specific types of weather
phenomena occur?
EQ5 – What effects do climate and weather
phenomena have on people living in different
regions?
H.
EQ6 – How have physical and ecological processes
shaped the Earth’s surface?
I.
EQ7 – What are some ways humans influence their
environment?
EQ8 – How are humans influenced by their
environment?
J.
EQ9 – How has the use of technology expanded the
capacity of people to modify and adapt to their
environment?
K.
Geographic patterns of ethnic diversity
A sense of place (emotional attachment to specific locations)
Geographic patterns of wealth and poverty (developed and developing nations)
Geographic patterns of trade and interdependence (e.g., oil)
Climate is defined by certain characteristics.
Climate patterns result from the interplay of common elements.
Climate Characteristics:
a.
Temperature
b. Precipitation
c.
Seasons (hot/cold, wet/dry)
Climate Elements:
a.
Influence of latitude
b. Influence of winds
c.
Influence of vegetation
d. Proximity to water
e.
Influence of ocean currents
World Climate Regions:
a.
Low latitudes, e.g., tropical wet, tropical wet and dry, arid, semiarid, highland
b. Middle Altitudes, e.g., semiarid, arid, Mediterranean (dry summer subtropical) humid continental, marine west coast, highland
c.
High latitudes, e.g., subarctic, tundra (subpolar), icecap
Climate regions have distinctive vegetation:
a.
Rain forest
b. Savanna
c.
Desert
d. Steppe
e.
Middle latitude forests
f.
Taiga
g. Tundra
Certain weather phenomena are unique to specific regions:
a.
Monsoons – South and Southeast Asia
b. Typhoons – Pacific Ocean
c.
Hurricanes – Atlantic Ocean
d. Tornadoes – United States
Climate and weather phenomena affect how people live in different regions:
a.
Crops
b. Clothing
c.
Housing
d. Natural hazards
Physical and ecological processes shape the Earth’s surface:
a.
Earthquakes
b. Floods
c.
Volcanoes
d. Erosion
e.
Deposition
Humans both influence and are influenced by their environment.
a.
Water diversion/management – Aral Sea, Colorado River, Aswan High Dam, canals, reservoirs, irrigation
b. Changing landscapes – agricultural terracing (e.g., China and Southeast Asia), polders (Netherlands), deforestation (e.g., Nepal,
Brazil, Malaysia), desertification (e.g., Africa, Asia)
c.
Environmental changes – acid rain (e.g., forests in Germany, Scandinavia, China and Eastern North America), pollution (e.g., Mexico
City, Chernobyl, oil spills)
Technology has expanded people’s capability to modify and adapt to their physical environment.
a.
Agriculture, e.g., fertilization, mechanization
b. Energy usage, e.g., fossil fuels, nuclear power
c.
Transportation, e.g., road building, railways
4
L.
1st 9 weeks
REGIONS: UNITED STATES AND CANADA
WG4 – The student will locate and analyze physical,
economic, and cultural characteristics of the world’s
regions.
1st 9 weeks
ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
WG7 – The student will identify types of natural,
human, and capital resources and explain their
significance by
a)
b)
showing their influence on patterns of
economic activity and land use;
evaluating perspectives and
consequences regarding the use of
resources.
EQ1 – How do human needs and availability of
technology affect the value of natural resources?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
d. Automobiles, e.g., parking lots, suburbs
e.
Airplanes, e.g., airport expansion, noise
Environmental impact on Humans:
a.
Settlement patterns
b. Housing materials
c.
Agricultural activity
d. Types of recreation
e.
Transportation patterns
Physical Characteristics
Economic Characteristics
a.
North America
a.
Major exporters of
b.
Abundant natural
technology, consumer
resources
goods, information systems,
c.
Continental Divide
and foodstuffs
d.
Rivers – Mississippi, St.
b.
Highly developed
Lawrence, Colorado,
infrastructures
Columbia, Rio Grande
c.
Highly diversified
e.
Other water features –
economies
Gulf of Mexico, Great
d.
Rich supply of mineral,
Lakes, Arctic Ocean,
energy and forest resources
Pacific Ocean, Atlantic
e.
NAFTA
Ocean, Hudson Bay
f.
Multinational
f.
Land forms – Aleutian
corporations
Islands, Hawaiian
g.
Center of world financial
Archipelago, Appalachian
markets (New York Stock
Mountains, pacific Coastal
Exchange)
Ranges, Basin and Range,
h.
Sustained economic
Rocky Mountains, Great
growth
Plains, Interior Lowlands,
i.
Widening gap between
Atlantic and Gulf Coastal
rich and poor
Plains, Canadian Shield,
Export of US culture via the
Grand Canyon, Columbia
global marketplace, e.g.,
Plateau, Colorado Plateau
McDonald’s, Coca Cola, music,
Varied climatic regions ranging
blue jeans
from tundra in Alaska to tropical
wet in Hawaii
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
Cultural Characteristics
Colonized by Europeans
Multicultural societies
Increasingly diverse populations
High literacy rates
High standard of living
Highly urbanized
Canada’s struggle to maintain a national identity
Highly mobile populations
World’s longest unfortified border between US and Canada
Democratic forms of government
Arts reflect the cultural heritage of multicultural society
NATO
Cultural Landscape
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
US Capital Building
White House
Golden Gate Bridge
Statue of Liberty
Washington Monument
Lincoln Memorial
Independence Hall
St. Louis Gateway Arch
Wheat Fields
Skyscrapers, shopping malls
Highways, drive-up services
Bilingual signs
Influence of the automobile, e.g., gas stations, motels,
interstate highways
Cities as centers of culture and trade – Toronto, Montreal, Ottawa,
Quebec, Vancouver, British Columbia, Washington, DC, Chicago,
New York, LA, Houston
Natural substances become resources if and when they become useful to humans.
The value of resources has changed over time.
Use of Energy Resources and Technology (as it has changed over time)
a.
Wood (deforestation)
b. Coal (pollution, mining problems, competition with oil and gas)
c.
Petroleum (transportation, environmental considerations)
d. Nuclear (contamination/waste)
e.
Solar, wind (cost, aesthetics)
Natural, human, and capital resources influence human activity in regions.
Natural Resources
a.
Renewable – soil, water, forests
b. Nonrenewable – fossil fuels (oil, coal, natural gas) and metals (gold, iron, copper, bauxite)
Human Resources
a.
Level of education
b. Skilled and unskilled laborers
5
EQ2 – How has the value of resources changed over
time?
G.
EQ3 – How do natural, human, and capital
resources influence patterns of economic activity
and land use in regions?
H.
EQ4 – What are some examples of primary,
secondary, and tertiary economic activities?
EQ5 – How and why do different cultures develop
different perspectives on the use of resources?
I.
J.
EQ6 – What are some costs and benefits in the use
of resources?
WG8 – The student will distinguish between
developed and developing countries and relate the
level of economic development to the standard of
living and quality of life.
EQ1 – How and why does economic development
vary from one part of the world to another?
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
EQ2 – What factors influence the standards of living
and quality of life?
EQ3 – How do resources and technology influence
economic development and quality of life?
WG9 – The student will analyze the global patterns
and networks of economic interdependence by
a)
b)
c)
identifying factors, including
comparative advantage, that influence
economic activities and trade;
describing ways that economic and social
interactions have changed over time;
mapping, describing and evaluating the
formation of economic unions.
EQ1 – What are some factors that influence
economic activity and trade?
Q.
R.
S.
T.
U.
V.
W.
EQ2- What is comparative advantage?
EQ3 – What are the effects of unequal distribution
of resources?
X.
Y.
EQ4 – How do nations use their resources to engage
in economic activities and trade?
EQ5 – Why do countries engage in trade?
EQ6 – What is the relationship between comparative
Z.
c.
Entrepreneurial and managerial abilities
Capital Resources
a.
Availability of money for investment
b. Level of infrastructure
c.
Availability and use of tools, machines, and technologies
Economic activity can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary.
a.
Primary – dealing directly with resources (fishing, farming, forestry, mining)
b. Secondary – manufacturing and processing (steel mills, automobile assembly, sawmills)
c.
Tertiary – services (transportation, retail trade, informational technology services)
Resources are not distributed equally.
Effects of Unequal Distribution of Resources:
a.
Interdependence of nations/trade in goods, services, and capital resources
b. Uneven economic development
c.
Energy producers and consumers
d. Imperialism
e.
Conflict over control of resources
The location of resources influences economic activity and patterns of land use.
Patterns of Land Use:
a.
Proximity of economic activity and natural resources: coal, steel; grain, cattle; fishing, ocean; hydro-electric power, aluminum
smelting
Economic activities that require extensive areas of land (e.g., agriculture) v. those that require a limited area (e.g., manufacturing)
Land uses that are compatible with each other (open space and residential) vs. land uses that are not compatible (e.g., landfills and residential)
The use of resources depends on a nation’s culture, values, access to technology, and governmental priorities as they change over time.
Social and Economic Priorities That Influence a Culture’s Perspective on Resources:
a.
Economic development priorities
b. Environmental conservation priorities
c.
Priorities of indigenous minorities
Examples of Change in Perspectives:
a.
Steam Engine – demand for coal
b. Internal Combustion Engine (cars and trucks) – demand for gasoline (petroleum)
c.
Computer chips – demand for skilled labor
Costs – resource depletion, environmental degradation, health problems
Benefits – production of goods and services, employment opportunities, development of technologies
Levels of economic development vary from country to country and from place to place within countries.
Differences Between Developing and Developed Nations:
a.
Access to natural resources
b. Access to capital resources (investment in technology and infrastructure)
c.
Numbers and skills of human resources
d. Levels of economic development
e.
Standards of living and quality of life
f.
Relationships between economic development and quality of life
Many criteria are used to assess the standard of living and quality of life.
Indicators of Economic Development
a.
Urban/rural ratio
b. Labor force characteristics (primary, secondary, tertiary sectors)
c.
GNP/GDP per capita
d. Educational achievement
Resources and technology influence economic development and quality of life.
Indicators of Standards of Living and Quality of Life
a.
Population growth rate (natural increase)
b. Population age distribution
c.
Literacy rate
d. Life expectancy
e.
Infant mortality
f.
Percentage of urban population
Factors that influence economic activity:
6
advantage and international trade?
EQ7 – How have economic and social interactions
changed over time?
EQ8 – How do spatial patterns reflect economic and
social change over time?
EQ9- How have improvements in transportation and
communication promoted globalization?
EQ10- What are some ways that global patterns and
networks of economic interdependence can be
depicted on maps?
EQ11 – What are some examples of economic
unions?
EQ12 – What are the advantages and disadvantages
of economic union?
End of First
Nine Weeks
2nd 9 Weeks
Common Assessment
REGIONS: LATIN AMERICA AND THE
CARRIBEAN
Powerpoint 11
Powerpoint 12
a.
Access to human, natural, and capital resources – skills of the workforce, natural resources, access to new technologies, transportation
and communication networks, availability of investment capital
Location and availability to exchange goods – landlocked countries, coastal and island countries, proximity to shipping lanes, access
to communication networks
c.
Membership in political and economic alliances that provide access to markets, e.g., EU, NAFTA
AA. Effects of unequal distribution of resources:
BB. Economic Activities:
a.
Japan – highly industrial nation with limited natural resources
b. Russia – numerous resources that are not economically profitable to develop
c.
US – diversified economy, abundant natural resources, specialized industries
d. Cote d’Ivoire – limited natural resources, cash crops in exchange for manufactured goods
e.
Switzerland – limited natural resources, production of services on a global scale
CC. Effects of Comparative Advantage:
a.
Enables nations to produce goods and services that they can market for profit.
b. Influences development of industries, e.g., steel, aircraft, automobile, clothing, shoe production and manufacturing
c.
Supports specialization and effective use of human resources
DD. Economic, social, and therefore spatial relationships change over time.
EE. Improvements in transportation and communication have promoted globalization.
FF. Changes Over Time:
a.
Industrial labor systems (e.g., cottage industry, factory, office telecommunications)
b. Migration from rural to urban areas
c.
Industrialized countries export labor-intensive work to developing nations
d. Growth of trade alliances
e.
Growth of service (tertiary) industries
f.
Growth of financial services networks and international banks
g. Assembly of a product is international in scope (e.g., vehicles, electronic equipment)
h. Technology allows instant communication among people in different countries
i.
Modern transportation networks allow rapid and efficient exchange of goods and materials (e.g., Federal Express, UPS, US Postal
Service)
j.
Widespread marketing of products (e.g., Fuji film, Nike, United Colors of Benetton)
GG. As a global society, the world is increasingly interdependent.
HH. Economic interdependence can be depicted through trade, resource, or transportation maps.
II. Economic interdependence fosters the formation of economic unions:
a.
EU – European Union
b. NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement
c.
ASEAN – Association of Southeast Asian Nations
d. OPEC – Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
JJ. Advantages of Economic Unions:
a.
More efficient industries
b. Access to larger markets
c.
Access to national, human, and capital resources without restrictions
d. Greater influence on world market
KK. Disadvantages of Economic Unions:
a.
Closing of some industries
b. Concentration of some industries in certain countries, leaving peripheral areas behind
c.
Agribusiness replacing family farms
d. Difficulty in agreeing on common economic policies
Benchmark Test #1 – SOL’s WG 1,2,4,7
b.
Countries
Mexico, Belize,
Guatemala, El
Salvador, Honduras,
Nicaragua, Costa
Physical
Characteristics
a.
Major
mountain
ranges –
Andes, Sierra
Economic Characteristics
Cultural Characteristics
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Diverse economies
Subsistence farming
Plantation agriculture
Slash and burn
Indian civilizations
African traditions
Influence of European colonization
Predominance of Roman Catholic religion
7
WG4 – The student will locate and analyze physical,
economic, and cultural characteristics of the world’s
regions.
2nd 9 Weeks
INTRODUCTION TO REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY
Power Point #3
PowerPoint #5
Rica, Panama,
Columbia, Venezuela,
Guyana, Suriname,
French Guiana,
Ecuador, Peru,
Bolivia, Brazil,
Paraguay, Argentina,
Uruguay, Chile, Cuba,
Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto
Rico (US)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
WG3 – The student will apply the concept of a
region by
a)
explaining how characteristics of regions
have led to regional labels.
F.
EQ1 – Why do geographers create and use regions
as organizing concepts?
EQ2 – What are some examples of physical and
cultural regions?
EQ3 – What are some examples of regional labels
that reflect changes in perceptions?
G.
H.
I.
Madres
agriculture
e.
Rigid social structure
b. Wildlife
e.
Cash crops vs. food
f.
Mestizos
migration
crops
g.
Location of settlements: coastal in South America
patterns, e.g.,
f.
Haciendas
h.
Megacities, squatter settlements
Monarch
g.
Cattle ranges, gauchos
i.
Rapid population growth
butterflies,
h.
Deforestation
j.
Out-migration
raptors
i.
Destruction of
c.
Rainforest
rainforests
Cultural Heritage
s
j.
Oil resources,
d.
Coastal
Ecuador, Venezuela,
a.
Music – African influences, calypso, steel drum bands,
deserts –
Mexico
reggae
Atacama
k.
Heavy smog and
b.
Traditional dances
e.
Reversed
pollution – Mexico City
c.
Fabric art
season in
l.
Disparity of income
d.
Pottery
South
distribution
e.
Spanish, Portuguese languages
America
m.
NAFTA
f.
Amazon
n.
Diverse mineral
Cultural Landscapes
River Basin
resources, e.g., copper in
g.
Grasslands
Chile, iron ore in
a.
Pyramids, cathedrals
: pampas,
Venezuela and Brazil
b.
Haciendas, ejidos (communal land)
llanos
c.
Machu Picchu and Tikal
h.
Tropical
climates
predominant
i.
Volcanoes
and
earthquakes
j.
Archipela
goes
k.
Vertical
zonation
(tierra
caliente,
tierra
templada,
tierra fria)
Regions are areas of the Earth’s surface that share unifying characteristics.
Regions may be defined by physical or cultural characteristics.
Regional labels may reflect changes in people’s perceptions.
Regions are used to simplify the world for study and understanding.
Physical Regions:
a.
Sahara
b. Taiga
c.
Rainforest
d. Great Plains
e.
Low Countries
Cultural Regions
a.
Language – Latin America, Francophone World
b. Ethnic – Chinatowns, Kurdistan
c.
Religion – Islam, Buddhism
d. Economic – Wheat Belts, European Union
e.
Political – NATO, OAU
f.
Changes in Perceptions – Middle East, Sun Belt, Rust Belt, Solid South
The development of a region is influenced by many factors, including physical, economic, and cultural characteristics.
The interaction of humans with their environment affects the development of a region.
Different criteria may be used to determine a country’s relative importance.
8
WG4 – The student will locate and analyze physical,
economic, and cultural characteristics of the world’s
regions.
EQ1 – In what ways do physical, economic, and
cultural characteristics influence regional
development?
EQ2 – What are some ways that human interaction
with the environment affects the development of a
region?
EQ3 – What are some criteria that may be used to
determine a country’s relative importance?
EQ4 – What impact do elements of the physical
environment, such as major bodies of water and
mountains, have on countries?
2nd 9 Weeks
REGIONS: EUROPE
Powerpoint 13
Powerpoint 14
Powerpoint 15
Powerpoint 16
WG4 – The student will locate and analyze physical,
economic, and cultural characteristics of the world’s
regions.
J.
Elements of the physical environment, such as major bodies of water and mountains, influence the economic and cultural characteristics of
regions.
K. Human Interaction With the Environment:
a.
Deforestation – Amazon Basin, Nepal, Malaysia
b. Acid Rain – Black Forest
c.
Decreased Soil Fertility –Aswan High Dam
L. Criteria for Determining Relative Importance
a.
GNP/GDP
b. Land Size
c.
Population Size
d. Resources
M. Impact of Physical Elements – Water:
a.
Rio Grande – border
b. Ob River flows northward into Arctic Ocean
c.
Zambezi River – water power
d. Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers – flood hazard
N. Impact of Physical Elements – Mountains:
a.
Rocky Mountains – create rain shadows on leeward slopes
b. Himalayas – block moisture to create steppes and deserts in Central Asia
Countries
Physical
Economic Characteristics
Cultural Characteristics
Characteristics
Location of
a.
Part of large
a.
Mountain regions – tourism,
a.
Birthplace of industrial Revolution
countries with
landmass
recreation, and mineral resources b.
Many ethnic groups, languages, religions, customs
particular
called Eurasia
b.
Air and water pollution pose
c.
Sometimes conflict occurs between groups (wars,
emphasis on
b.
Peninsulas
threats to forests (Black Forest),
revolutions)
countries listed
– Iberian,
cities (Venice), rivers (Danube,
d.
Birthplace of western democracy – Greece and Rome
(determined by
Italian,
Rhine, Seine)
e.
European culture spread to many other parts of the
their per capita
Scandanavian,
c.
Industrial and transportation
world (exploration, colonization, imperialism)
GNP/GDP ,
Jutland,
centers developed near mineral
f.
Highly urbanized
land size, and
Balkan
deposits, coal and iron ore (Ruhr
g.
One of the world’s most densely populated areas
population)
c.
Islands –
Valley, Po Valley)
h.
NATO
British Isles,
d.
Rivers and canals serve as
i.
Cities as centers of culture and trade – Berlin, London,
GNP/GDP:
Sicily
major transportation links
Paris, Madrid, Rome, Athens, Warsaw
Switzerland
d.
Fjords
e.
Oil reserves in the North Sea
Luxembourg
e.
Mountains
f.
Well-educated work force –
Cultural Landscape
Sweden
– Alps and
industrial and technological
Pyrenes
societies, banking in Switzerland a.
Notre Dame, Arc de Triomphe, the Louvre, Eiffel Tower
Land Size:
f.
North
g.
Advanced farming
b.
Colosseum, Leaning Tower of Pisa, St. Peter’s Basilica
Ukraine
European
techniques, high crop yields,
c.
Parthenon
France
Plain
fertile soils, black earth
d.
Westminster Abbey, Big Ben
Spain
g.
Rivers –
(chernozem)
e.
Windmills
Danube,
h.
Well-developed infrastructure f.
Swiss chalets
Population:
Rhine, Seine,
i.
The Chunnel
g.
Castles
Germany
Volga
j.
Differences in Western and
h.
Tiled roofs in the Mediterranean
United
h.
Seas –
Eastern European industrial
Kingdom
Adriatic,
development due to differing
Italy
Aegean,
economic systems in prior years
France
Mediterranean,
k.
European Union
Baltic, Black,
l.
Trade important, especially to
North
island nations, interdependence
i.
Oceans –
m.
Governments play large role
Atlantic,
in some economies (Sweden and
Arctic
Denmark)
j.
Strait of
n.
Capitalism replaces
Gibraltar
communism in Eastern Europe
k.
Varied
o.
Reclaimed land – polders in
9
l.
2nd 9
Weeks
REGIONS: RUSSIA AND CENTRAL ASIA
WG4 – The student will locate and analyze physical,
economic, and cultural characteristics of the world’s
regions.
PowerPoint 17
PowerPoint 18
2nd 9
Weeks
CULTURAL GEOGRPAHY
WG3 – The student will apply the concept of a
region by
b)
explaining how regional landscapes
reflect the physical environment and the
cultural characteristics of their
inhabitants;
climatic
regions –
tundra to
Mediterranean
Effects of
the North
Atlantic Drift
and prevailing
westerly’s on
Europe’s
climate.
p.
Netherlands
Demographics typical of
developed economies, e.g., high
per capita GNP/GDP, high life
expectancy, low population
growth rate, low infant mortality
rate, low percentage of
population under 15, high
literacy rate
Countries
Location of
countries with
particular
emphasis on
countries
listed
(determined
by their per
capita
GNP/GDP,
land size, and
population)
Physical Characteristics
Economic Characteristics
Cultural Characteristics
a.
Vast land area –
a.
Transition from
a.
Diverse ethnic groups, customs and traditions (many
spans two continents,
communist to free-market
of Turkic and Mongol heritage)
Europe and Asia
economies
b.
Cultural heritage – ballet, Faberge Eggs, music,
(covers 11 time
b.
Farming and industry
Icons, Matrioshka Dolls, oriental carpets, samovars
zones)
concentrated in the Fertile
b.
Vast areas of
Triangle region, rich,
Cultural Landscape
tundra, permafrost,
chernozem soils (wheat
taiga, and steppe
farming)
a.
Russian Orthodox Church
c.
Varied climate
c.
Infrastructure – Transb.
St. Basil’s Church
regions
Siberian Railroad, systems
c.
Red Square
d.
Black earth belt
of rivers and canals and
d.
Kremlin
(rich chernozem soil)
railroads
e.
Mosques, minarets
e.
Mountains
d.
Energy resources –
f.
Siberian villages
GNP/GDP:
f.
Caucasus
hydroelectric power, oil,
g.
Soviet-style apartment blocks
Kazakhstan
g.
Ural (divide
natural gas
h.
Cities – Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk
Russia
Europe from Asia)
e.
Russian natural
Turkmenistan
h.
Siberia (the
resources are not fully
sleeping land),
developed due to climate,
Land Size:
located east of the
limited transportation links,
Russia
Urals
and vastness of the country
Kazakhstan
i.
Major oil, natural
f.
Foreign competition for
Turkmenistan
gas, and mineral
investment in the region,
resources
(oil pipelines)
Population:
j.
Water features –
g.
Widespread pollution
Russia
Volga River, Ob
h.
Shrinking of the Aral
Kazakhstan
River, Amur River,
Sea
Uzbekistan
Lake Baikal, Caspian
i.
Political and economic
Sea, Aral Sea, Bering
difficulties after the
Strait, Pacific Ocean,
breakup of the Soviet
Arctic Ocean
Union
k.
Some rivers flow
j.
Cotton production in
northward to the
Central Asia
Arctic Ocean
A. Physical Characteristics
a.
Climate affects types of natural vegetation.
b. Landforms affect transportation, population distribution, and the locations of cities.
B. Regional landscapes reflect cultural characteristics of their inhabitants.
C. Architectural Structures:
a.
Religious buildings, e.g., mosques, churches, synagogues, temples, pagodas
b. Dwellings, e.g., tiled roofs in Mediterranean, chalets in Switzerland, thatched roofs in Pacific Islands, tents and yurts in Central and
Southwest Asia, castles in Europe
D. Statues and Monuments of Local, National or Global Significance:
10
c)
analyzing how cultural characteristics,
including the world’s major languages,
ethnicities, and religions, link or divide
nations.
EQ1 – How does the appearance of the landscape
reflect the physical environment?
EQ2- How does the appearance of the landscape
reflect the characteristics of the inhabitants?
EQ3 – How can cultural characteristics link or
divide regions?
WG10 – The student will analyze how the forces of
conflict and cooperation affect the division and
control of the Earth’s surface by
a)
b)
explaining and analyzing reasons for
creation of different political divisions;
analyzing ways cooperation among
political jurisdictions is used to solve
problems and settle disputes.
E.
F.
G.
EQ1 – What are some examples of political
divisions at the local and regional levels?
EQ2 – What are some reasons for political divisions
at the local and regional levels?
H.
EQ3- How do political divisions generate conflict?
EQ4 – Why do political divisions cooperate to solve
problems and settle disputes?
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
a.
Taj Mahal (India)
b. Kaaba (Mecca)
c.
Western Wall (Jerusalem)
d. Dome of the Rock (Jerusalem)
e.
Church of the Holy Sepulcher (Jerusalem)
f.
Pyramids (Egypt)
g. Kremlin (Moscow)
h. Eiffel Tower (Paris)
i.
Virginia State Capital Building
j.
Washington Monument
k. White House
l.
Lincoln Memorial
m. Statue of Liberty
Cultural differences can link or divide regions.
Language:
a.
Arab world – Arabic
b. Hispanic America – Spanish
c.
Brazil – Portuguese
d. Canada – French/English
e.
Switzerland – multiple languages
f.
English – world language
Ethnic Heritage:
a.
Yugoslavia – Serbs, Croats, Bosnians, Albanians
b. Burundi and Rwanda – Hutus and Tutsis
c.
United States and Switzerland – unity in multiple ethnic countries
d. Korea and Japan – predominately single ethnicity
e.
Cyprus – Greeks and Turks
Religion as a Unifying Force:
a.
Hinduism
b. Buddhism
c.
Judaism
d. Christianity
e.
Islam
Religion as a Divisive Force:
a.
Conflicts between Hindus and Muslims in Pakistan and India
b. Conflicts between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland
c.
Jews, Christians, and Muslims all claiming Jerusalem as their religious heritage site.
d. Conflicts between Sunni and Shi’a
Political divisions are regions of the Earth’s surface over which groups of people establish social, economic, and political control.
Examples of Political Divisions (local and regional):
a.
Neighborhoods
b. Election districts
c.
School districts
d. Regional districts (e.g., bus lines, waste disposal, conservation districts, planning districts, area code zones)
e.
Cities
f.
Counties
g. States
Political divisions may cause conflict and/or cooperation.
Reasons for Conflict:
a.
Boundary disputes
b. Cultural differences
c.
Economic differences
d. Competition for scarce resources
e.
Political advantages (e.g., gerrymandering)
Reasons for Cooperation:
a.
Natural disasters
11
End of
Second
Nine Weeks
3rd 9
Weeks
Common Assessment
REGIONS: NORTH AFRICA AND SOUTHWEST
ASIA
Powerpoint 19
Powerpoint 20
WG4 – The student will locate and analyze physical,
economic, and cultural characteristics of the world’s
regions.
b. Economic advantages (attract new businesses)
c.
Cultural similarities, ethnic neighborhoods
d. Addressing regional issues (e.g., waste management, magnet schools, transportation)
O. Examples of Political Divisions (national and international)
a.
Countries
b. Alliances: economic and political – NATO, EU, OPEC, NAFTA, Commonwealth of Nations, UN, IMF and World Bank, GATT, Red
Cross/Red Crescent, OAS, League of Arab States, ASEAN, OAU
P. Reasons for Political divisions
a.
Differences in culture, language, religion
b. Retention of historical boundaries
c.
Imperial conquest and control
d. Economic similarities and differences
Q. Reasons for Conflict:
a.
Boundary and territorial disputes (Syria/Israel, Western Sahara/Morocco, China/Taiwan, India/Pakistan)
b. Cultural Differences (language, religion) – Indonesia, Canada (Quebec), Sudan
c.
Economic differences (fertile land, access to fresh water, access to coast, fishing rights, natural resources, different economic
philosophies)
d. Ethnic differences – Balkans, Cyprus, Kashmir
e.
Nationalism
R. Reasons for Cooperation:
a.
Natural disasters, e.g., Red Cross/Crescent
b. Economic advantages, e.g., Law of Sea, China and US, multinational corporations, NAFTA, OPEC
c.
Cultural similarities, e.g., Francophone World, Commonwealth of Nations
d. Military Advantages, e.g., NATO
e.
Addressing international problems, e.g., Antarctica Treaty, UN peacekeepers
f.
Programs to promote international understanding, e.g., Peace Corps
g. Foreign Aid
h. Preserving the environment
S. Examples of cooperation
a.
Humanitarian initiatives-e.g., Red Cross/Red Crescent
b. Economic alliances- e.g., Law of Sea, China and United States, multinational corporations, North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA), Organization of Petroleum of Exporting Countries (OPEC)
c.
Cultural Alliances- e.g., Francophone world, Commonwealth of Nations
d. Military alliances- e.g., North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
e.
Problem-solving alliances- e.g., Antarctica Treaty, United Nations (UN) peacekeepers
f.
Programs to promote international understanding- e.g., Peace Corps
g. Alliances for environmental preservation
h. Foreign Aid
Benchmark Testing #2 – SOL’s WG 3,4,10
Countries
Location of
countries with
particular
emphasis on
countries
listed
(determined
by their per
capita
GNP/GDP ,
land size, and
population)
GNP/GDP:
Physical Characteristics
a.
Crossroads of
Europe, Africa and
Asia
b.
Desert and
semi-arid climates
– Sahara, sahel,
steppes
c.
Mountains –
Atlas, Taurus,
Zagros
d.
Water Features
– Mediterranean
Sea, Red Sea,
Black Sea,
Economic Characteristics
a.
Heavy reliance on primary
activity (oil drilling,
agriculture, pastoralism)
b.
Major producers of world’s
oil
c.
Oil revenues – positive and
negative effects
d.
Water – the region’s most
precious resource
e.
Great variation in standard
of living – ranging from
relatively high to povertystricken
f.
Regional conflicts,
Cultural Characteristics
a.
Rapid urbanization
b.
Modernization centered in urban areas while
traditional life continues in rural areas
c.
Large percentage of population under 15
d.
Population unevenly distributed
e.
Arabic cultures and Arabic languages
f.
Non-Arab countries – Turkey, Iran, Israel
g.
Birthplace of three major monotheistic religions –
Judaism, Christianity and Islam
h.
Conflict over Palestine
i.
Nomadic lifestyles
j.
Art that reflects the diversity of religions (stained
glass, geometric tiles, calligraphy, mosaics, prayer rugs)
k.
Cities as centers of trade, culture and tradition –
12
Kuwait
UAR
Qatar
Israel
Land Size:
Algeria
Saudi Arabia
Libya
e.
Population:
Iran
Turkey
Egypt
REGIONS: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
3rd 9
Weeks
WG4 – The student will locate and analyze physical,
economic, and cultural characteristics of the world’s
regions.
Powerpoint 21
Powerpoint 22
Powerpoint 23
Powerpoint 24
Countries
Location of
countries with
particular
emphasis on
countries
listed
(determined
by their per
capita
GNP/GDP ,
land size, and
population)
GNP/GDP:
South Africa
Gabon
Botswana
Land Size:
Democratic
Republic of
Congo (Zaire)
Sudan
Chad
Mozambique
Madagascar
Population:
Nigeria
Ethiopia
Democratic
Republic of
Congo (Zaire)
South Africa
Tanzania
Kenya
Arabian Sea,
Persian/Arabian
Gulf, Strait of
Hormuz, Bosporus
Strait, Dardanelles
Strait, Nile River,
Tigris River,
Euphrates River,
Jordan River
Seasonal
flooding, alluvial
soils, delta
regions, oases,
wadis
Physical Characteristics
a.
Continent
composed of huge
plateaus,
escarpments
b.
River
transportation
impeded by
waterfalls and
rapids
c.
Location of
equator through
middle of region;
similar climate
patterns in the
regions north and
south of the
equator
d.
Smooth
coastline yielding
few harbors
e.
Large number
of landlocked
states
f.
Storehouse of
mineral wealth
g.
Limited fertility
of rainforest soils
h.
Kalahari and
Namib Deserts
i.
Bodies of
Water – Nile
River, Zambezi
River, Niger
River, Congo
(Zaire) River,
Atlantic Ocean,
Indian Ocean, Red
Sea, Lake
Victoria, Lake
political unrest that affects
tourism
g.
Aswan High Dam –
positive and negative effects
h.
Suez Canal – enhanced
shipping routes in the region
i.
Guest workers
j.
Trade important to region
from earliest time
k.
Wide range of per capita
income and levels of
development
l.
Contemporary trade routes
(sea lanes)
m.
OPEC
Economic Characteristics
a.
Large percentage of
population engaged in
agriculture (primary activity)
b.
Subsistence agriculture
c.
Nomadic herding
d.
Slash and burn agriculture
e.
Plantation agriculture
f.
Cash crops vs food crops
g.
Poorly developed
infrastructure
h.
Large number of
landlocked states
i.
Substantial mineral wealth
(diamonds, gold, alloys)
j.
Major exporters of raw
materials
k.
Wide range of per capita
income
l.
Productivity that lags
behind population growth
m.
Desertification
n.
Demographics typical of
developing economies – low
per capita GNP/GDP, low life
expectancy, high population
growth rate, high infant
mortality, large percentage of
population under 15, low
literacy rates
Baghdad, Cairo, Istanbul, Jerusalem, Mecca, Tehran
Cultural Landscape
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Mosques, minarets
Church of the Holy Sepulcher
Hagia Sophia
Bazaars, suqs
Western Wall
Dome of the Rock
Kaaba
Pyramids
Oil rigs
Walled cities
Cultural Characteristics
a.
Uneven population distribution
b.
Many ethnic groups, languages, customs
c.
Large numbers of refugees
d.
Few cities with populations over 1 million
e.
Knowledge of history through oral tradition
f.
Country names related to historical empires – Mali,
Ghana, Zimbabwe
g.
Diversity of Africans reflected in cultural heritage –
masks, sculpture, dance, music, colorful dress, jewelry
Cultural Landscape
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Markets
Churches
Mosques, minarets
Villages
Modern city cores
Cities – Lagos, Dakar, Johannesburg
13
3rd 9
Weeks
POPULATION GEOGRAPHY
WG5 – The student will compare and contrast the
distribution, growth rates, and characteristics of
human population in terms of settlement patterns
and the location of natural and capital resources.
A.
B.
C.
D.
EQ1 – What human, environmental, economic, and
political factors influence population distribution?
EQ2 – What are some characteristics of human
populations?
E.
EQ3 – How do human, environmental, economic,
and political factors influence population growth
rates?
WG6 – The student will analyze past and present
trends in human migration and cultural interaction
as they are influenced by social, economic, political,
and environmental factors.
EQ1 – How have social, economic, political, and
environmental factors influenced migration?
F.
EQ2 – How has migration influenced cultural
landscapes?
EQ3 – How and why do improvements in
transportation and communication technology lead
to cultural interaction?
WG11 – The student will analyze patterns of urban
development by
a)
b)
c)
G.
H.
I.
J.
applying the concepts of site and
situation to major cities in each region;
explaining how the functions of towns
and cities have changed over time;
describing the unique influence of urban
areas and some of the challenges they
face.
K.
EQ1 – What is meant by site?
EQ2 – What is meant by situation?
EQ3 – in what ways may site and/or situation affect
urban development?
L.
EQ4 – What are the functions of towns and cities?
Tanganyika,
nature preserves
and national parks
Population distribution is described according to location and density.
Characteristics of human populations differ over time and from region to region.
Population growth rates are influenced by human, environmental, economic, and political factors.
Impact of the Following on Population:
a.
Natural resources (oil, arable land, water)
b. Climate (hot/cold; wet/dry)
c.
Economic development
d. Government policy
e.
Rural/urban settlement
f.
Capital resources (transportation, technology)
g. Conflicts (refugees)
Characteristics of Human Populations:
a.
Birth and death rates
b. Age distribution
c.
Male/female distribution
d. Life expectancy
e.
Infant mortality
f.
Urban/rural
g. GNP/GDP
h. Ethnicity
i.
Language
j.
Religion
k. Education
Impact of the Following on Growth Rates:
a.
Modern medicine and hygiene
b. Education
c.
Industrialization and urbanization
d. Economic development
e.
Government policy
f.
Role of women in society
Migrations occur because of social, political, and environmental factors.
Migrations have influenced cultural landscapes.
Modern transportation and communications are encouraging higher levels of cultural interaction worldwide.
Migration Push Factors:
a.
Overpopulation
b. Religious persecution
c.
Lack of job opportunities
d. Agricultural decline
e.
Conflict
f.
Political persecution
g. Natural hazards
h. Limits on personal freedoms
i.
Environmental degradation, e.g., Chernobyl
Migration Pull Factors
a.
Religion
b. Economic opportunity
c.
Land availability
d. Political freedom
e.
Ethnic and family ties
f.
Arable land
Impact of Migrations on Regions:
a.
Language
b. Religion and religious freedom
14
EQ5 – How have functions of towns and cities
changed over time?
M.
EQ6 – How do urban areas influence the world’s
cultural, political, and economic ideas and systems?
EQ7 – What are some urban problems that may
occur as a result of development?
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
S.
T.
U.
V.
W.
c.
Customs/traditions
d. Cultural landscape
Evidence of Cultural Interaction:
a.
Diffusion of US culture to other regions
b. Popularization of other cultures’ traditions in the US
Site and situation are important geographic concepts when studying the growth of cities.
Patterns of development occur according to site and situation.
Site is the actual location of a city.
Examples of Site (local characteristics)
a.
Harbor Sites: New York City; Alexandria, Egypt; Istanbul, Turkey
b. Island Sites: Paris (located on an island in the Seine River), Hong Kong, Singapore
c.
Fall Line Sites: Richmond, VA
d. Confluence Sites: Khartoum, Sudan; Pittsburgh, PA
e.
Hilltop Sites: Rome, Athens, Jerusalem
f.
Oasis Sites: Damascus, Syria
g. Sites where rivers narrow: London; Quebec City
Situation is another name for relative location – the location of a city with respect to other geographic features, regions, resources, and
transportation routes.
Examples of Situation (regional/global connections)
a.
Baghdad – command of land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
b. Istanbul – command of Straits and land bridge to Europe
c.
Mecca, Saudi Arabia; Varanasi (Benares), India – focal point of pilgrimage
d. Samarkand, Uzbekistan; Xi’an, China; Timbuktu, Mali; Singapore – cities that grew up along trade routes (the Silk Road; TransSaharan trade; maritime trade)
e.
Cape Town, South Africa – supply station for ships
f.
Omaha, Nebraska; Sacramento, California – cities that grew up along the US Transcontinental Railroad
g. Novosibirsk, Vladivostok – cities that grew up along the Trans-Siberian Railroad
The functions of towns and cities change over time.
a.
Security, defense
b. Religious centers
c.
Trade centers
d. Government administration
e.
Manufacturing centers
f.
Service centers
Examples of Changes in Cities’ Functions Over Time:
a.
Brasilia, Brazil – movement of capital city
b. Pittsburgh, PA – early function connected to defense, then steel manufacturing center, later to diverse services (financial, light
manufacturing)
c.
New York City – changes in trade patterns, coastal and trans-Atlantic trade, trade from Great Lakes via Erie Canal, worldwide trade
and finances
d. Mining towns, “ghost” towns – resource depletion, changes in the environment
Urban populations exercise a powerful influence in shaping the world’s cultural, political, and economic ideas and systems.
a.
Nation-building (monuments, symbols)
b. Transportation/communication hubs
c.
Magnets for migration
d. Seed beds for new ideas and technologies
e.
Diversity leads to creativity in the arts
f.
Universities, educational opportunities
g. Corporate headquarters/regional offices
h. Media centers (news, entertainment)
Urban development may lead to problems related to human mobility, social structure, and the environment.
a.
Transportation problems emerge, especially as automobile travel increases.
b. Rich and poor neighborhoods exist in different areas isolated from one another.
c.
Providing essential services (fresh water, sewage, disposal, electricity, schools, clinics) becomes a problem with rapid immigration to
cities in Latin America, Africa, and Asia.
d. Air, water and noise pollution increase
15
End of
Third Nine
Weeks
4th 9
Weeks
Common Assessment
REGIONS: ASIA
WG4 – The student will locate and analyze physical,
economic, and cultural characteristics of the world’s
regions.
Powerpoint 18
e.
Sprawl results in conversion of agricultural land to urban uses, especially in North America
f.
Rapid immigration results in “shantytowns” on the edged of cities.
g. In developing countries, major cities are more connected to regions outside the country than to regions within the country.
Benchmark Testing #3 – SOL’s WG 4,5
Countries
South Asia
Powerpoint 26
Afghanistan
Pakistan
Nepal
Bhutan
Bangladesh
India
Sri Lanka
Powerpoint 27
East Asia
Powerpoint 28
Mongolia
China (PRC)
Japan
Taiwan
North Korea
South Korea
Powerpoint 25
Powerpoint 29
Southeast Asia
Philippines
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Cambodia
Burma
(Myanmar)
Laos
Vietnam
Singapore
Brunei
4th 9
Weeks
REGIONS: AUSTRALIA, PACIFIC ISLANDS,
ANTARCTICA
WG4 – The student will locate and analyze physical,
economic, and cultural characteristics of the world’s
regions.
Powerpoint 30
Powerpoint 31
Powerpoint 32
Countries
Australia
New Zealand
Papua New
Guinea
Hawaiian
archipelago
(U.S.)
Physical Characteristics
a.
Influence of
mountains –
population,
settlements,
movement, climate
b.
Mountains –
Himalayas, Western
and Eastern Ghats,
Mt. Fuji
c.
Varied climate
regions ranging from
tropical wet to humid
continental
d.
Natural hazards –
monsoons, typhoons,
volcanoes, and
earthquakes
e.
Influence of water
– rivers, seas and
ocean currents – on
agriculture, trade, and
transportation
f.
Bodies of water –
Arabian Sea, Indian
Ocean, Bay of
Bengal, Ganges
River, Indus River,
Brahmaputra River,
Pacific Ocean,
Yangtze River,
Mekong River,
Yellow River
g.
Abundant arable
land
h.
Loess
i.
Plateau of Tibet
j.
Gobi Desert
Physical Characteristics
a. Wide range of
vegetation from
tropical rain forests
to desert scrub
b. Australia mostly
desert
c. The Great Dividing
Range
d. The Great Barrier
Reef
Economic Characteristics
a.
Varied economies in the
region ranging from
subsistence farming to
commercial agriculture to
high-tech industrial
manufacturing
b.
Participation in global
markets
c.
Newly industrialized
countries – South Korea,
Taiwan, Singapore
d.
Japan – economic leader
e.
China in transition from a
centrally planned economy
f.
Agricultural advancements
and technology enable greater
food production – “Green
Revolution”
g.
Environmental degradation
h.
Deforestation
i.
Fishing
j.
ASEAN
k.
Rice, tropical crops
Cultural Characteristics
a.
Areas of extremely dense and sparse population
b.
Contrast between rural and urban areas
c.
Religious diversity – Hinduism, Islam,
Buddhism, Christianity, Taoism, Shinto,
Confucianism
d.
Caste system in India
e.
Respect for ancestors
f.
Religious conflicts (Hindu/Muslim)
g.
Cultural Heritage – silks, batik, wood and ivory
carving, ideograms, unique alphabets, jewels
Economic Characteristics
a.
Air and water travel brings
goods and services to remote
areas
b.
Dry areas of Australia well
suited to cattle and sheep
ranching
c.
Environmental balance
upset by introduction of nonnative plants and animals
d.
Ranching, mining (primary
Cultural Characteristics
a.
Pacific Islands are sparsely populated
b.
Most of Australia’s population lives near the
coast
c.
Traditional culture continues to shape life in the
Pacific Islands
d.
Lifestyles range from subsistence farming to
modern city living
e.
Cultures reflect the mix of European and
indigenous cultures, e.g., Maori and aborigines
f.
Antarctica has no permanent residents.
Cultural Landscapes
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Taj Mahal
Angkor Wat
Great Wall of China
Floating Markets
Mosques, minarets
Pagodas
Temples and shrines
Terraced rice fields
Cities – Tokyo, Beijing, New Delhi
16
e.
f.
g.
4th 9
Weeks
SOL Review
4th 9
Weeks
SOL Testing
Additional
technology
links and
resources
These websites are websites frequently used in
World Geography and provide excellent resources
for lesson planning and teaching.
Australia’s isolation
resulted in unique
animal life
Antarctica, the world’s
coldest, driest,
windiest continent,
typhoons
Pacific Islands,
volcanic, coral or
continental
e.
activities)
Communication and
financial services (tertiary
activities)
Cultural Landscapes
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Sydney Opera House
Cattle and sheep stations (Australia)
Research stations (Antarctica)
Thatched roof dwelling (Pacific Islands)
Cities – Canberra, ACT (Australian Capital
Territory), Sydney, Melbourne
A.
B.
C.
A.
SOL Review
Teacher-directed review.
Use of practice tests.
Post-SOL Activities
a.
Field trip to geographic site.
b. Research projects on countries.
c.
Guest speakers.
d. Technology projects:
e.
Create movies, podcasts, brochures, travel guides
Useful Websites
www.discovery.com
www.pbs.org
www.unitedstreaming.com
www.current.com
www.cleanvideosearch.com
www.nationalgeographic.com
17