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* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Formative Assessment for Block 1. There are 15 questions in this assessment, which should take no more than 15 minutes to complete. For your own benefit, complete the assessment as if it were a summative assessment. Questions 1. In the human body, the ______________ nervous system is responsible for activating the body to respond to emergencies, while the ___________ nervous system is responsible for calming and slowing down the body to its normal state. A. parasympathetic; sympathetic B. sympathetic; parasympathetic C. autonomic; central D. central; autonomic 2. Acute stressors seem to provoke __________ responses in the immune system; chronic stressors seem to produce __________ responses in the immune system. A. adaptive; maladaptive B. maladaptive; adaptive C. maladaptive; maladaptive D. adaptive; adaptive 3. People who experience ________ stress, show a weakened __________. A. chronic; cardiovascular system B. acute; immune system C. chronic; immune system D. acute; cardiovascular system 4. The field of __________ examines the complex connection between psychosocial factors, such as stress, and the nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune systems. A. psychobiology B. neurobiology C. psychoneuorimmunology D. psychopharmacology 5. From a psychological perspective, the extent to which an event is experienced as stressful is determined more by __________ than by __________. A. subjective appraisal processes; objective characteristics of the event B. objective characteristics of the event; subjective appraisal processes C. perceived social support; available social support D. socio-economic-status; personality 6. Which of the following variables does not influence illness symptom recognition? A. stress B. mood C. intelligence D. attention 7. People who have a strong _______ locus of control believe that their decisions and behaviours impact their outcomes, and people with such a belief generally experience ________ physical and psychological health. A. internal; better B. internal; worse C. external; better D. external; worse 8. In general, it is worse for people to explain negative events that occur to themselves as resulting from __________ , __________ , and global causes. A. external; stable B. internal; stable C. internal; situation-specific D. external; situation-specific 9. People who are high in __________ and __________ experience fewer physical symptoms and report better physical health. A. Optimism; external control beliefs B. Pessimism; self-efficacy C. Optimism; self-efficacy D. Pessimism; external control beliefs 10. People high in ________ describe themselves as having a greater number of physical symptoms as well as more severe symptoms. A. negative affect B. self-efficacy C. optimism D. internal control beliefs 11. Which of the following does NOT describe a feature of optimism? A. Expecting good things to happen in the future B. Explaining bad events as resulting from external, unstable, and specific causes C. Explaining bad events as resulting from internal, stable, and global causes D. Expecting that one’s goals can be achieved 12. People who experience higher levels of ________ are more likely (about a threefold increase) to suffer a heart attack as those who rarely experience it. A. anger B. sadness C. happiness D. boredom 13. Jill has been smoking for the past 12 years. Lately, she has been heard saying, “I may start thinking about quitting smoking”. According to the transtheoretical model, Jill is currently in which stage of change? A. Maintenance B. Precontemplation C. Contemplation D. Appraisal 14. Six months ago John and Dave both tested HIV positive. John views this diagnosis as a death sentence and, as a result, he is not concerned about receiving further treatment and is ‘living each day as though it’s his last’ (e.g. partying hard, drinking excessively, spending his life savings). In contrast, Dave views his HIV infection as a chronic illness that can be managed and, as a result, adheres to his treatment regimen and has made several positive health behaviour changes (e.g. eating a more healthy diet). John and Dave are behaving in vastly different ways in response to their illness - what, from a psychological perspective, is the most likely explanation? A. each one has a different lay referral network B. differences in cultural factors associated with illness C. differences in their illness representations D. the way in which each was infected with HIV 15. List two health behaviours AND two stable factors likely to contribute to the development and/or exacerbation of hypertension A. Behaviours: __________________________________________________________ B. Stable factors: ________________________________________________________