Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Name ____________________________ Biology EOCT Study Guide Answer the following questions on your own paper. Number it according the questions on this page. Copy the tables on your own paper to complete. You will need more room than is provided on these pages. Scientific processes 1. In your own words, write the meaning of the following terms: a. Hypothesis g. Quantitative Data b. Controlled Experiment h. Taxonomy c. Independent Variable i. Systema Naturae/Linnaeus d. Dependant Variable j. Inference e. Control k. Conclusion f. Qualitative Data l. Binomial nomenclature Metric measurement Scientific system of measurement based on factors of 10; conversions by factor of 10. 2. How many meters are in 117 centimeters? 3. How many grams are in 0.19 kilograms? Laboratory Skills and Safety 4. In the following scenario, identify the Independent Variable, Dependant Variable, Control, Quantitative Data, and Qualitative Data. Write a conclusion based on the data. Experiment – You wish to know whether human steroid hormones affect the growth of plants. You take two of the same plant species, plant A and plant B and place them in identical conditions. Plant B receives 10ml of human steroid hormone a day while Plant A receives none. After 10 weeks, you measure the growth and find Plant A to have increased in height by 5.4 cm. Plant B increased in height by 6.3 cm. Plant A has bright green leaves. Plant B has dull yellow leaves with brown spots. 5. Looking at the picture of the microscope, describe the function of the following parts a. diaphragm c. eyepiece b. objective lens d. coarse adjustment knob Nature of Biology 6. List what each division of Biology studies. a. Botany c. Ecology b. Taxonomy d. Microbiology e. Genetics f. Zoology Basic Chemistry 7. Write the meaning of the following terms in your own words. a. atom e. inorganic compound i. solute b. element f. acid j. solvent c. matter g. base k. isotope d. organic compound h. pH scale l. ion 8. Neon is atom #10. How many electrons, protons and neutrons does Neon have? 9. Lemon juice has a pH value of 4. Is this acidic, neutral or basic? 10. Pure water is neutral. Its pH would be _________________. 11. Ammonia has a pH of 13. Is this acidic, neutral or basic? 12. Draw and label a molecule of DNA? Which bases are found in DNA? What is the function? 13. Draw and label a molecule of RNA? Which bases are found in RNA? What is the function? 14. What are the four classes of organic compounds? 15. Complete the table of macromolecules. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Elements Building blocks Function Special characteristic Example 16. What does a catalyst do? Give an example. How can enzyme names be recognized? Cell Organization 17. What are the three parts of the cell theory? 18. Fill in the diagram of triangles showing the levels of organization from cell to organism. 19. Define the following terms in your own words. b. organelle j. diffusion c. homeostasis k. osmosis d. hypertonic solution l. facilitated diffusion e. hypotonic solution m. active transport f. isotonic solution n. endocytosis g. diffusion o. exocytosis h. cell wall p. mitosis i. fluid mosaic model 20. List the 8 characteristics of all living organisms. 21. What are differences between plant cells and animal cells? 22. Complete the table about prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Structure Prokaryote Cell membrane Cell wall Nucleus Chromosomes Ribosomes Examples Eukaryote 23. Complete the table about the characteristics of plant and animal cells. Structure Plant Animal Cell membrane Cell wall Chloroplasts Lysosome Vacuoles Examples Cell Transport and Homeostasis 24. What is homeostasis? 25. What two processes help maintain homeostasis in living organisms? 26. Describe what is happening in the diagram to the left. 27. Describe what is happening in the diagram to the right. Why? 28. Distinguish among the following terms. Illustrate each situation. a. hypotonic b. hypertonic c. isotonic 29. What happens when an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution? A plant cell? Cell Energy 30.Compare and contrast aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. Statement It requires oxygen. It does not require oxygen. It requires energy input from 2 ATP. It can produce a net of 36 ATP. It produces a net of 2 ATP. It is important in baking and brewing. It causes the pain of muscle fatigue. Aerobic Respiration Type of Process Fermentation Lactic Acid Alcoholic 31. Distinguish between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Type of organism Location in cell Reactants (raw materials) Products Steps involved Equation 32. Label the diagram of a chloroplast. Label the location of the light dependent and light independent reactions. DNA and Genetics 33. What is the central dogma of biology? ______________ makes ______________makes ______________ 34. What is transcription? Where does it occur? 35. What is translation? Where does it occur? DNA Replication 36. If the DNA sequence is AGTCCT, what would be the newly replicated sequence? 37. What enzyme is responsible for this process? 38. Where does this occur? Transcription 39. If the DNA sequence is AGTCCT, what would be the mRNA sequence transcribed? 40. What enzyme is responsible for this process? Translation 41. Take the mRNA sequence from above and write the tRNA anticodon sequence. 42. Which sequence is read to determine the amino acid sequence? 43. What may happen if there is a mutation in the DNA code? 44. List the stages of mitosis. 46. Mitosis Meiosis 45. What is the outcome of Occurs in these cells mitosis? Produces these cells 46. Distinguish between mitosis Number of chromosome sets and meiosis. Number of daughter cells 47. How many pairs of Relation to parent cell chromosomes are in human body cells? 48. How is gender determined in humans? 49. Distinguish between DNA and RNA. DNA RNA Shape Number of strands Nitrogen bases Sugar Function 50. What are the base pairs in DNA? RNA? 51. What is a mutation? What can cause a mutation? 52. Distinguish between chromosomal mutations and gene mutations. Give an example of each. 53. Albinism is a recessive condition. If two normal parents, genotypes Aa and Aa have a child, what is the likelihood he or she will have the recessive phenotype? Set up a punnett square to show. 54. What are Gregor Mendel’s Three Laws relating to genetics? 55. Looking above, what is the overall outcome of Meiosis? Are the cells produced diploid or haploid? 56. Colorblindness is a recessive sex linked trait (X chromosome). Set up a punnett square to show the likelihood (percentage) of a colorblind female (Xc Xc) and a normal male (XC Y) having a colorblind daughter. Colorblind son? Viruses and Microorganisms 57. Define the following terms in your own words. a. capsid f. spirillus b. bacillus g. binary fission c. coccus h. cilia d. strepto i. pseudopods e. staphylo j. mycelium 58. Draw the structure of a virus 59. Why are viruses not classified as living organisms? 60. How are viruses different from cells? 61. How do viruses reproduce? 62. How are the lysogenic cycle and lytic cycle different? Classification 63. List the levels of organization in the Linnaean classification system in order from broadest to most specific. Use the triangle diagram. 64. How do you recognize a scientific name? Give an example. 65. 65. Complete the table of information comparing the six kingdoms. Kingdom Characteristics Examples 66. What are the three types of Protist? 67. What trait is used to classify animal-like protists? 68. What is the basic function of the pigments Animal Like Protist in the plant like protist division? Divisions 69. List two positive effects of protists. List two negative effects of protists. 70.Draw a mushroom (kingdom fungi) and label the following: fruiting body, mycelium, gills, basidia. 71. Using the chart of Fungi Phyla, what trait Plant Like Protist is used to classify fungi? Divisions Fungi Phylum chart Plants and Animals 72. Define the following words. a. Vascular System f. angiosperm l. germination b. Xylem g. gymnosperm m. vertebrate c. Phloem h. Monocot n. invertebrate d. Alternation of i. Dicot o. coelom Generations j. cotyledons p. bilateral symmetry e. seed k. pollination q. radial symmetry 73. What are the basic characteristics of a plant? 74. What is the difference between an angiosperm and a gymnosperm? 75. Draw and label the reproduction structures of a flower – stamen, pistil, ovary, carpal, pollen 76. What are the basic characteristics of an animal (kingdom animalia)? Invertebrates Division Reproduction Diet Coelom y/n Symmetry Respiration Organs? Defining traits? Porifera Sponges Cnidaria Jellyfish, Sea Anemones Platyhelminthes Flatworms Nematoda Round worms Mollusks Snails, clams, nautilus Arthropods Insects, crustaceans Vertebrates/Chordates Phylum Reproduction Diet Warm/Cold Blooded Respiration Organs/ Defining traits Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals Ecology 77. What factors affect population size? What effect do they have on population size? 78. Draw a graph to show population changes. Describe your population and name the factors responsible for the changes. 79. Distinguish between the following pairs: a. heterotroph and autotroph f. food web and food chain b. producer and decomposer g. food pyramid and trophic level c. consumer and producer h. primary succession and secondary succession d. carnivore and omnivore i. climax community and pioneer species e. herbivore and detritivore 80.Create a food web showing at least three interconnected food chains with four links each. 81. Describe how the following elements are cycled through ecosystems. a. carbon c. oxygen e. phosphorus b. nitrogen d. hydrogen 82. What two processes play a major role in those cycles? How? 83. How has human activity in the following areas impacted ecosystems? a. global warming and the ozone layer c. water consumption b. pesticides and biological magnification d. energy consumption 84. What is a tropism? a. thigmotropism b. phototropism c. gravitropism 85. What adaptations do plants have to help them survive in different environments? a. desert b. water c. snow 86. What behaviors do animals have that help them survive their environments? Evolution 87. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory? 88. What is biodiversity? 89. What is evolution? 90. Describe the contributions to evolutionary thought of the following men. a. Lamarck b. Malthus c. Hutton d. Lyell e. Wallace 91. List the three parts to Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection In a population of mice, there are two phenotypes, brown (BB, Bb) and grey (bb). Their habitat once was a snowy tundra, but now the snow is melting to brown dirt. 92. In the example, pick out which adaptation is most fit for the new environment. 93. What will occur to each allele frequency in the population? 94. What will the future populations look like? 95. What did Darwin call this? 96. What is natural selection? 97. Describe evidences used to support macroevolution. a. fossil record b. biogeography c. biochemical