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MUSCULAR SYSTEM
1. Types of Muscle Tissue:
1. Skeletal:
2. Cardiac:
3. Smooth:
2. Muscle and Muscle Fiber Structure:
A muscle is composed of many ______________ ______________ . The individual muscles are
separated from each other and held in place by a covering called the ____________. This fascia
also forms _______________ and _________________ connecting muscles to bones and
muscles to muscles.
A muscle also contains 3 different layers of connective tissue:
Epimysium –
Perimysium –
Endomysium Skeletal muscle fibers contain numerous ____________________ and ________________(need
more energy)
The muscle fiber membrane is called the ____________________ and the cytoplasm is called the
___________________. Within the sarcoplasm are many parallel fibers known as ____________.
Each myofibril is made of many protein filaments called__________________. There are two
types:
MYOSIN –
ACTIN Structure of a SARCOMERE (functional unit of a muscle)
Actin and Myosin filaments are arranged in an overlapping pattern of light ("I" bands) and dark ("A"
bands). In the middle of each "I" band is a line called a "Z" line. The section of a myofibril from one
Z-line to the next Z-line is the __________________.
*** The arrangement of these sarcomeres next to each other produces the ________________ of
the skeletal muscle fibers.
Each Myofibril is surrounded by a network of channels called_______________________
______________________.
TRANVERSE TUBULES pass through the fibers.
3. How Muscles Work with the Nervous System
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION –
MOTOR NEURON ENDINGS –
MOTOR END PLATE –
SYNAPTIC CLEFT –
SYNAPTIC VESICLES –
NEUROTRANSMITTER –
4. Events in Muscle Contraction:
5. ENERGY SOURCE:
Provided by ________ around myofibrils. ATP is produced by ________________
_____________________which occurs in the mitochondria (requires O2 and glucose).
* Creatine Phosphate provides energy for the regeneration of ATP
* Only 25% of the energy produced during cellular respiration is used in metabolic processes - the
rest is in the form of __________. This is what produces our body heat and maintains body
temperature. More muscle activity = more heat
ATP = adenosine triphosphate | ADP = adenosine diphosphate
6: Other Terms:
1. Threshold Stimulus
2. All-or-None Response
3. Motor Unit
5. Recruitment
6. Muscle Tone
7. Muscular Hypertrophy
8. Muscular Atrophy
9. Muscle Fatigue
10. Muscle Cramp
LABEL PRACTICE
Fascicle
Endomysium (2)
Bone
Muscle Fiber
Epimysium
Perimysium
Tendon