Download Eighth Grade - Bunker R

Eighth Grade
Rationale: The district mathematics curriculum respects the importance of mathematical
literacy for all students. The curriculum, based on upon National Council of Teachers of
Mathematics Standards as well as Missouri Show-Me Standards and Grade Level
Expectations, is student-centered and will allow students to explore, discover, conjecture,
and apply mathematics. To facilitate student learning, teachers utilize a variety of
techniques such as direct instruction, cooperative learning, and appropriate use of
computers and calculators. Through numerous and interrelated mathematical
experiences, students will work to attain the following goals:
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Become mathematical problem-solvers,
Communicate mathematically,
Reason mathematically,
Connect mathematics to their daily lives,
Develop confidence in their own abilities to do mathematics, and
Appreciate and understand the role of mathematics in real-world situations.
The district’s mathematics curriculum has a multi-faceted focus, including problem
solving, critical thinking, computation, and the integration of technology. These
components and goals are an important part of each student’s educational experience.
They provide the coherent viewpoint that mathematics is more than a body of knowledge;
it is a way of thinking.
Description: The eighth grade mathematics course is designed to lay a strong foundation
for mathematical success. It includes fundamental skills in computation, number
concepts, geometric concepts, problem solving strategies and algebraic exploration to
enable students to be successful in mathematical reasoning.
Major Instructional Goals:
Number and Operations
Students will:
 Understand numbers, ways of representing numbers, relationships among
numbers and number systems
o Compare and order rationals and percents, including finding their
approximate locations on a number line
o Use fractions, decimals and percents to solve problems
o Recognize equivalent representation for the same number and generate
them by decomposing and composing numbers including scientific
notation
o Use factors and multiples to describe relationships between and among
numbers and justify characteristics of numbers
 Understand meanings of operations and how they relate to one another
o Describe the effects of multiplication and division on integers
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o Apply properties of operations to rational numbers, including order of
operations and inverse operations
o Apply the relationship between squares and square roots and cube and
cube roots to solve a problem
Compute fluently and make reasonable estimates
o Apply all operations on rational numbers
o Estimate and justify the results of all operations on rational numbers
o Solve problems involving proportions, such as scaling and finding
equivalent ratios
Algebraic Relationships
Students will:
 Understand patterns, relations and functions
o Generalize patterns represented graphically or numerically using words or
symbolic rules, including recursive notation
o Compare and contrast various forms of representations of patterns
o Compare properties of linear functions between or among tables, graphs
and equations
 Represent and analyze mathematical situations and structures using algebraic
symbols
o Use symbolic algebra to represent and solve problems that involve linear
relationships, including recursive relationships
o Generate equivalent forms for linear expressions
 Use mathematical models to represent and understand quantitative relationships
o Model and solve problems, using multiple representations such as graphs,
tables, equations or inequalities
 Analyze change in various contexts
o Analyze the nature of changes (including slope and intercepts) in
quantities in linear relationships
Geometric and Spatial Relationships
Students will:
 Analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric
shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships
o Describe, classify and generalize relationships between and among types
of 2-dimensional objects and 3-dimensional objects using their defining
properties including Pythagorean Theorem and cross-section of a 3dimensional object results in what 2-dimensional shape
o Apply relationships between corresponding sides and corresponding areas
of similar polygons to solve problems
 Specify locations and describe spatial relationships using coordinate geometry
and other representational systems
o Use coordinate geometry to analyze properties of right triangle and
quadrilaterals
 Apply transformations and use symmetry to analyze mathematical situations
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o Reposition shapes under formal transformation, such as reflection, rotation
and translation
o Describe the relationship between the scale factor and the area of the
image using a dilation (stretching/shrinking)
o Identify the number rotational symmetries of regular polygons
Use visualization, spatial reasoning and geometric modeling to solve problems
o Create isometric drawings from a given mat plan
o Draw or use visual models to represent and solve problems
Measurement
Students will:
 Understand measurable attributes of objects and the units, systems and processes
of measurement
o Identify the equivalent volume measures within a system of measurement
(e.g., m³ to cm³)
 Apply appropriate techniques, tools and formulas to determine measurements
o Use tools to determine the measures of reflex angles to the nearest degree
o Describe how to solve problems involving surface area and/or volume of a
rectangular or triangular prism, or cylinder
o Analyze precision and accuracy in measurement situations and determine
number of significant digits
o Convert square or cubic units to equivalent square or cubic units within
the same system of measurement
Data and Probability
Students will:
 Formulate questions that can be addressed with data and collect, organize and
display relevant data to answer them
o Formulate questions, design studies and collect data about a characteristic
o Select, create and use appropriate graphical representations of data
(including scatter plots)
 Select and use appropriate statistical methods to analyze data
o Find, use and interpret measures of center, outliers and spread, including
range and interquartile range
o Compare different representations of the same data and evaluate how well
each representation shows important aspects of the data
 Develop and evaluate inferences and predictions that are based on data
o Make conjectures about possible relationships between 2 characteristics of
a sample on the basis of scatter plots of the data and approximate lines of
fit
 Understand and apply basic concepts of probability
o Make conjectures (based on theoretical probability) about the results of
experiments