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#1 Secede: to withdraw from the Union, as 11 Southern states did between 1860-1 Border State: Slave-owning states that did not secede from the Union, including Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri Casualty: A person killed, wounded, or missing during the war Confederacy: The alliance of 11 Southern states (to form CSA) Union: The alliance of 23 Northern states (USA) that fought CSA Recruit: A soldier who has just signed up with no experience Drill: the process of instructing new recruits how to march and practice the military arts as a unit Picket: One or more soldiers responsible for guard duty, always watchful for the enemy approach #2 Hardtack: A ¼” to ½” thick cracker eaten by soldiers—a main staple! Haversack: Cloth bag used by soldiers to carry rations Artillery: Large, powerful weapons such as cannon and mortars Cartridge Box: A leather box used by soldiers to carry ammunition (Minie balls) Minnie Ball: Standard rifle bullet used in The Civil War—it led to staggering casualties! Flanks: The sides of an army’s line in battle. A flanking movement is attacking the sides Skedaddle: Slang term for retreat #3 Conscription: The selection of citizens for mandatory military service (draft) Salt Pork: The most common meal ration during the war—salted pork (like pork-jerky) Desertion: To leave one’s military post, or to run away from battle (Often punishable by death) Deploy: To spread out armies to create a battle line Battery: A unit of 4 or 6 cannons or a fortified position on which they are placed Bayonet: knife-like weapon attached to the front end of a musket or rifle Dysentery: An often-fatal disease of the human intestines caused by unsanitary conditions (resulted in the “screamers”) Scurvy: A disease caused by the lack of Vitamin C—often a result of no fruits/veggies (bleeding gums etc.) #4 Cavalry: Soldiers mounted on horseback. The “eyes” of the army. Carnage: Extensive slaughter Rations: Military term for food Maggots: Fly eggs—Civil War soldiers discovered that these helped to cure infection Contraband: Goods illegally traded during wartime. Slaves were sometimes called contraband during the war. Sawbones: Slang term for a surgeon Hornets: Slang term for bullets #5 Dixie: Slang term for confederacy/Also the name of a favorite song on both sides Scabbard: A sheath for a sword, bayonet, or dagger Treason: To betray one’s country Greenhorn/Skunk/Bugger: Slang term for a military officer Blowhard: Slang term for a braggart (a person who brags) #6 Assassination: to murder for political reasons Mourn: to express or feel sorrow (for or over) Forfeit: to sacrifice something highly valued for the sake of someone or something considered having greater value or claim. Solemn: deeply earnest, gloomy, or somber Telegraph: a means of communication by which electric impulses are sent over a wire Tyrant: a ruthless ruler or one who betrays their country