Download Chapter 8: Skeletal System

Chapter 8: Skeletal System Review Questions
Complete skeletal system review questions (1-9) = 2 HL grades- due 12/10/12
CH.8 study notes due 12/14/12
Ch. 7 wkbk pages (84-109) = 2 HL grades-due 12/14/12
Note: Two column notes for Ch.8 will be excused (ONLY if your Muscular system home learning handout grade
is an A or B and received on time). You will receive the same grade as your Muscular system HL grade if the
assignment is excused for you. There will be no exceptions.
Reminder: Use HL rubric for textbook/work objectives (written or typed)
Lesson Quiz= 12/18/12*
Chapter 8 test= 1/9/2013
1.
Structure of bone
a. What is the structure of compact and cancellous bone?
b. Define
i. Diaphysis
ii. Epiphysis
iii. Articular cartilage
iv. Epiphyseal disc
v. Red bone marrow
2.
What are the consequences of the following?
a. The epiphyseal disc seals prematurely.
b. The epiphyseal disc of a child’s femur is injured.
c. The red bone marrow is destroyed by exposure to radiation.
d. The periosteum is stripped off the outer surface of a long bone.
e. The articular cartilage of the femur erodes.
3.
Ossification
a. Define ossification explain how does ossification of flat bones differ from ossification of long bones?
4.
Fractures
a. What is a greenstick fracture?
b. What is a spiral fracture?
c. Why is infection a greater problem with a compound fracture than with a simple fracture?
5.
Bone growth
a. Explain how longitudinal bone growth occurs.
b. What are the effects of growth hormone, estrogen, and testosterone on bone growth?
c. Explain the mechanism whereby bone grows thicker and heavier.
d. Differentiate between the effects of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
6.
What are the two divisions of the skeleton?
7.
Axial skeleton
a. What is the difference between the skull and the cranium?
b. What is the purpose of the external auditory meatus (temporal bone)?
c. What is the name of the large hole in the occipital lobe? What is its purpose?
d. What is the mandible? Maxilla?
e. What is a cleft palate?
f. List the paranasal sinuses.
g. Fontanels
i. What are the fontanels?
ii. List two functions of the fontanels and unfused sutures.
iii. How can the fontanels be used diagnostically?
h. Why is it important that the sutures of the infant skull are unfused?
i. Describe the interactions between the occipital bone, atlas, and axis that allow the head to move in “yes” and “no”
movements.
7. Axial skeleton (cont'd)
j. Vertebral column
i. What is the vertebral column?
ii. Explain why an injury to the vertebral column may cause paralysis.
iii. What is the vertebra prominens?
iv. Why is the vertebral column called the spine?
k. Curvatures
i. List the four curvatures of the vertebral column.
ii. Define kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis.
l. Thoracic cage
i. What is the difference among the true, false, and floating ribs?
ii. List the three parts of the breastbone.
8.
Appendicular skeleton
a. What bones form the shoulder girdle?
b. Using yourself or a friend, make the measurements of structures listed below. Record in both inches and centimeters.
i. The suprasternal notch to the tip of the xiphoid process
ii. Acromion to the olecranon process
iii. The olecranon process to the styloid process of the ulna
iv. The olecranon to the styloid process of the radius
v. The anterior iliac crest to the medial malleolus
vi. Circumference of the wrist at the level of the styloid processes of the distal ulna and radius
c. What bones form the pelvic girdle?
d. What bones form the pelvis?
e. What are the three parts of the coxal bone?
f. Explain how the femur articulates with the coxal bone. What type of joint is formed?
g. What type of joint is formed at the tibiofemoral joint?
h. Where are the medial and lateral malleolus?
i. What is meant by the “agony of de-feet”?
j. You must be able to label the skeleton with the bones of the axial and appendicular skeleton.
9.
Joints
a. List the three types of joints.
b. What is a synovial joint?
c. What are the medial and lateral meniscus?
d. Differentiate among the movement at a pivot, hinge, and ball-and-socket joint. Provide examples of each.
e. What is a rheumatologist?
f. Define arthritis.