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Teacher Guide to Human Parasitic Diseases Case Study Introduction: Each year approximately one third of all human deaths are caused by infectious and parasitic diseases. In developing countries, that percentage increases to almost fifty percent. While some of these diseases have existed for centuries, other viral diseases such as HIV and SARS have emerged in the human population much more recently. Globalization has allowed for the transfer of these microbial pathogens across continents. Level: This activity is designed to be a teacher guided, inquiry-based lesson for high school students with learning disabilities. The level also makes it appropriate for use in middle school life science classes. The activity can be easily modified for students of all ability levels. Purpose: In order to gain a better understanding of human parasitic diseases, students will investigate one parasitic or infectious disease and use the information they gather to create a case study. The activity provides students with the opportunity to gain experience in both scientific research and creative writing. Presenting the scientific information in the form of a case study eliminates the risk of plagiarism while conveying scientific information and gaining fluency in writing. Teachers may opt to assign this project as an independent learning project or as a teacher guided, inquiry-based lesson depending on the level of their students. This activity addresses the following Massachusetts Curriculum Frameworks: Ecology 6.3 Use a food web to identify and distinguish producers, consumers, and decomposers, and explain the transfer of energy through trophic levels. Describe how relationships among organisms (predation, parasitism, competition, commensalism, mutualism) add to the complexity of biological communities. SIS1. Make observations, raise questions, and formulate hypotheses. Read, interpret, and examine the credibility and validity of scientific claims in different sources of information, such as scientific articles, advertisements, or media stories. Summer 2008 Workshop in Biology and Multimedia for High School Teachers Harvard University Life Sciences – HHMI Outreach Program Guiding Activities: I. Activator: “What disease causes the most human deaths per year?” Once students have contributed their ideas, present them with “The Epidemic Scorecard.” (New York Times Op-Ed, April 30, 2003) It visually represents disease incidence and mortality rates as estimated by the World Health Organization. It can be accessed through the following link. http://www.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/opinion/030430_edt_MARK.pdf II. Have all students read The Boston Globe Article “Warning: Yucky Parasites are closer than you think” III. Present the Case Study Assignment. IV. Use the information from the sample Case Study on Toxoplasmosis to complete the “Researching the 5Ws and H” worksheet. V. Research human parasitic and infectious diseases. VI. Peers edit case studies. And have students self-assess before submitting their final products. VII. Have students figure out another student’s case study. Human Parasitic Diseases: (You Can Have Students Look at the NY Times Op-Ed to Choose) AIDS Bubonic Plague Cholera Eastern Equine Encephalitis Giardiasis Hepatitis Influenza Malaria SARS Tuberculosis Yellow Fever Others??? Possible Resources: 1. Centers for Disease Control http://www.cdc.gov/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 11 Jan. 2008. Department of Health and Human Services. 15 July 2008 <www.cdc.gov/ >. 2. The Boston Globe Article: “Warning: Yucky parasites are closer than you think.” Discusses Toxoplasmosis and Giardiasis. http://www.boston.com/yourlife/health/children/articles/2004/11/09/warnin g_yucky_parasites_are_closer_than_you_think/ Sanghavi, Darshak. "Warning: Yucky Parasites are Closer Than You Think." The Boston Globe 9 Nov. 2004. 14 July 2008 <http://www.boston.com>. 3. World Health Organization (WHO)/Malaria http://www.who.int/topics/malaria/en/ "Malaria." World Health Organization. 15 July 2008 <http://www.who.int/topics/malaria/en/>. Summer 2008 Workshop in Biology and Multimedia for High School Teachers Harvard University Life Sciences – HHMI Outreach Program 4. Epidemics Through Time Snapshots: Infectious Diseases Today http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/hongkong/diseases.html “Epidemics Through Time Snapshots: Infectious Diseases Today.” PBS/WGBH. 15 July 2008 <http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/hongkong/diseases.html>. 5. Markel, H. and Doyle S.: The Epidemic Scorecarrd. The New York Times (OpEd Essay), April 30, 2003, p. A31. 6. “How to Write a Case Study.” The Global Travel and Tourism Partnership. 2007. 16 July 2008 <http://www.gttp.org/docs/HowToWriteAGoodCase.pdf>. Summer 2008 Workshop in Biology and Multimedia for High School Teachers Harvard University Life Sciences – HHMI Outreach Program